The document provides details on sustainable design strategies for the Sherwood Substation project, including stormwater management, material strategies, control enclosure optimization, electric vehicle charging integration, and public education. For stormwater management, a sustainable design uses grass and gravel pavers to decrease the graveled surface area within the substation by 52% compared to a traditional design. The sustainable design meets or exceeds stormwater performance while minimizing site disturbance. For material strategies, the document discusses implementing a construction waste management plan to reduce waste and maximize recycling and reuse of demolition materials from the existing house on the site.
The document defines requirements for substation installations on Defence sites. It provides definitions, outlines agency roles and responsibilities, and specifies general requirements, design requirements, and project controls for substations. Requirements cover areas such as standards and codes, safety, equipment selection, testing and commissioning, and certification.
This document provides information on TNB's electricity system and supply application processes. It discusses TNB's divisions, electrical system including voltages and frequencies, types of supplies such as load-based applications (under or over 100A), standby supplies, temporary supplies, and multi-tenanted premises. The document outlines the application process for loads under and over 100A, as well as for streetlights. It also discusses planning, design, demand estimation and connection guidelines.
The document is a chapter from the Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook on Mechanical Science. It provides an overview of diesel engine fundamentals, including:
- A brief history of diesel engines and an introduction to their operating principles.
- Explanations of the basic components and cycles of 2-cycle and 4-cycle diesel engines.
- Descriptions of engine governors, fuel injectors, and protective features commonly used in diesel engines.
The chapter aims to give readers a foundational understanding of diesel engine operation to facilitate the safe and reliable operation of mechanical systems in DOE nuclear facilities.
This document analyzes Mountain Equipment Co-op's (MEC) compliance with Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) trade requirements and identifies opportunities for improvement. It examines MEC's current customs compliance practices and benchmarks them against industry standards. The document finds that while MEC meets basic CBSA guidelines, there is room for improvement. It recommends that MEC establish key performance indicators, improve supply chain communication, and implement a paperless document management system to achieve higher CBSA compliance and position itself as an industry leader. Implementing these recommendations would help MEC respond more quickly to changes in international trade.
Dokumen tersebut merupakan resepi restoran Siber yang berisi daftar isi dan resepi berbagai masakan tradisional Malaysia seperti acar, laksa, masakan ayam, ikan, sayuran, sambal dan lainnya. Resepi-resepi tersebut memberikan panduan lengkap mulai dari bahan-bahan, cara memasak hingga petunjuk penyajian untuk berbagai hidangan khas Malaysia.
The document introduces the AAT-Taiwan multilingual research project. It discusses the project's goals of collaborating with the Getty Research Institute to develop a Chinese-language Art & Architecture Thesaurus and provide a fully integrated multilingual thesaurus online. It outlines the project timeline and milestones since 2008, including workshops held in Taiwan and at the Getty. It describes the project's task forces and framework for equivalence mapping, translation, developing scope notes for new concepts, system development, and expert review. It provides an update on translation progress and the contribution of new concepts to the AAT.
Email Marketing - Top 20 Tips from Stream:20Stream 20
1) Email marketing now requires more thought, investment, and integration with other channels to be effective as consumers are more cynical.
2) To succeed, email programs need a clear strategy and plan, to deliver real value to customers through relevant segmented messaging, and make the most of collected customer data.
3) Testing is important but should have clear, measurable objectives, and reporting should focus on metrics like revenue, ROI, and customer lifetime value that matter to senior management.
The document defines requirements for substation installations on Defence sites. It provides definitions, outlines agency roles and responsibilities, and specifies general requirements, design requirements, and project controls for substations. Requirements cover areas such as standards and codes, safety, equipment selection, testing and commissioning, and certification.
This document provides information on TNB's electricity system and supply application processes. It discusses TNB's divisions, electrical system including voltages and frequencies, types of supplies such as load-based applications (under or over 100A), standby supplies, temporary supplies, and multi-tenanted premises. The document outlines the application process for loads under and over 100A, as well as for streetlights. It also discusses planning, design, demand estimation and connection guidelines.
The document is a chapter from the Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook on Mechanical Science. It provides an overview of diesel engine fundamentals, including:
- A brief history of diesel engines and an introduction to their operating principles.
- Explanations of the basic components and cycles of 2-cycle and 4-cycle diesel engines.
- Descriptions of engine governors, fuel injectors, and protective features commonly used in diesel engines.
The chapter aims to give readers a foundational understanding of diesel engine operation to facilitate the safe and reliable operation of mechanical systems in DOE nuclear facilities.
This document analyzes Mountain Equipment Co-op's (MEC) compliance with Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) trade requirements and identifies opportunities for improvement. It examines MEC's current customs compliance practices and benchmarks them against industry standards. The document finds that while MEC meets basic CBSA guidelines, there is room for improvement. It recommends that MEC establish key performance indicators, improve supply chain communication, and implement a paperless document management system to achieve higher CBSA compliance and position itself as an industry leader. Implementing these recommendations would help MEC respond more quickly to changes in international trade.
Dokumen tersebut merupakan resepi restoran Siber yang berisi daftar isi dan resepi berbagai masakan tradisional Malaysia seperti acar, laksa, masakan ayam, ikan, sayuran, sambal dan lainnya. Resepi-resepi tersebut memberikan panduan lengkap mulai dari bahan-bahan, cara memasak hingga petunjuk penyajian untuk berbagai hidangan khas Malaysia.
The document introduces the AAT-Taiwan multilingual research project. It discusses the project's goals of collaborating with the Getty Research Institute to develop a Chinese-language Art & Architecture Thesaurus and provide a fully integrated multilingual thesaurus online. It outlines the project timeline and milestones since 2008, including workshops held in Taiwan and at the Getty. It describes the project's task forces and framework for equivalence mapping, translation, developing scope notes for new concepts, system development, and expert review. It provides an update on translation progress and the contribution of new concepts to the AAT.
Email Marketing - Top 20 Tips from Stream:20Stream 20
1) Email marketing now requires more thought, investment, and integration with other channels to be effective as consumers are more cynical.
2) To succeed, email programs need a clear strategy and plan, to deliver real value to customers through relevant segmented messaging, and make the most of collected customer data.
3) Testing is important but should have clear, measurable objectives, and reporting should focus on metrics like revenue, ROI, and customer lifetime value that matter to senior management.
ASTD_TU119_Web2.0_Social_Media_Learning_Japan Koko Nakahara
This document summarizes usage of social networking sites (SNS) in Japan based on survey data. It finds that 34% of Japanese internet users actively create and post content, compared to 24% in the US. Mixi is the largest domestic SNS in Japan with 25 million users. Two case studies of large Japanese companies show they implemented intra-corporate SNS to improve communication across divisions and locations, facilitate knowledge sharing, and get employee feedback. Challenges for companies include increasing participation beyond 10% and getting top management involved to overcome hierarchical barriers. Overall SNS are helping Japanese companies become more learning-oriented and encourage self-organization and innovation.
The document provides information about the VRB-Series planetary gearbox from Nidec-Shimpo. It discusses features like quiet operation, high precision, high rigidity and torque handling capabilities. It also provides specifications for the VRB-042 and VRB-060 models, including nominal output torque, permitted loads, moment of inertia, efficiency and other details. Dimensions and adapter flange options are shown for integrating the gearboxes with motors.
iEARN is a nonprofit network that connects over 40,000 teachers and 2 million students from over 130 countries through online collaboration projects aimed at making a positive impact. Since 1988, iEARN has used technology to enable students to work on meaningful educational projects with peers around the world. Projects cover various subjects and require participants to consider how their work can improve life on the planet. The document provides information on how to get involved with iEARN projects, lists example projects, and outlines resources for teachers and students.
The document discusses various aspects of website design and provides examples of both good and bad websites for each aspect. It covers e-commerce functionality, information provided, ease of use, legible text, ease of purchases, multi-browser functionality, and simple graphics. For each aspect, it summarizes the key features of an exemplary website and one that could be improved.
The document outlines various monthly holidays and events throughout the year. Some of the events include Poetry Month in January where people write and share poetry, Star Gazing Month in February where people look at constellations, Viking Week in March to honor early European explorers, and Flower Month in May where people take pictures of flowers to share. Many of the monthly events encourage people to participate in activities, take pictures or write stories to share, and recognize appreciating what you have.
This document summarizes a study on telemedicine and its application in geriatric care in Japan. It finds that as Japan's population rapidly ages, telemedicine can help address issues of access to care, especially in rural areas. The study proposes models of mobile clinics connected to urban hospitals via internet and virtual remote consultations using videoconferencing. An experiment of these approaches found they were effective and practical ways to provide care. The document also examines attitudes towards spirituality and mental health among elderly Japanese.
This document contains code and text for a sign in page for a Windows Live/Hotmail account. It includes meta tags and links for the page title, description and favicon. There are also JavaScript variables defined for text, links, and URLs used for different elements and functions on the sign in page such as help links, error messages, and form submission URLs.
This document provides an index of 265 companies that supply parts for 146 aircraft programs. It includes contact information, products/services, and aircraft programs for each company listed alphabetically. The full report was compiled on December 12, 2014 from the Airframer database and the latest information can be found at www.airframer.com. Subscriptions to Airframer's daily updated documents are available for individuals and organizations.
L-3 Communications had a very successful year in 2005, exceeding financial goals and expanding capabilities through acquisitions. Key highlights include:
- Sales increased 36.9% to $9.4 billion and operating income rose 33.1% to $996.7 million.
- The company supported US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan and expanded its portfolio to meet DoD transformation needs.
- Strategic acquisitions strengthened areas like C3ISR, electro-optics, and expanded the international business.
- The company is well positioned for future programs focused on joint C3I, mobility, precision weapons and intelligence.
This document provides an overview of hiragana, the Japanese syllabary, including pronunciations and stroke order for each character. It encourages visitors to visit the NHK WORLD website for audio pronunciations. The bulk of the document displays hiragana characters with their stroke order and associated pronunciation.
This document provides guidelines for energy efficient building design. It covers lighting, electric power and distribution, building envelope, air conditioning systems, and boiler and hot water systems. For lighting, it recommends efficient lamp types and design approaches to reduce energy use. It sets maximum power density limits for interior and exterior lighting. For other building systems, it provides requirements for equipment efficiency and design criteria to improve energy performance. The guidelines aim to reduce building energy use while maintaining occupant comfort.
Agenția Internațională a Energiei Regenrabile a anunțat recent că prețurile energiei regenerabile vor deveni competitive în următorii doi ani. Potrivit experților IRENA, până în 2020, vom plăti mai puțin pe orice formă de energie regenerabilă decât pe energia obținută prin arderea combustibililor fosili.
ASTD_TU119_Web2.0_Social_Media_Learning_Japan Koko Nakahara
This document summarizes usage of social networking sites (SNS) in Japan based on survey data. It finds that 34% of Japanese internet users actively create and post content, compared to 24% in the US. Mixi is the largest domestic SNS in Japan with 25 million users. Two case studies of large Japanese companies show they implemented intra-corporate SNS to improve communication across divisions and locations, facilitate knowledge sharing, and get employee feedback. Challenges for companies include increasing participation beyond 10% and getting top management involved to overcome hierarchical barriers. Overall SNS are helping Japanese companies become more learning-oriented and encourage self-organization and innovation.
The document provides information about the VRB-Series planetary gearbox from Nidec-Shimpo. It discusses features like quiet operation, high precision, high rigidity and torque handling capabilities. It also provides specifications for the VRB-042 and VRB-060 models, including nominal output torque, permitted loads, moment of inertia, efficiency and other details. Dimensions and adapter flange options are shown for integrating the gearboxes with motors.
iEARN is a nonprofit network that connects over 40,000 teachers and 2 million students from over 130 countries through online collaboration projects aimed at making a positive impact. Since 1988, iEARN has used technology to enable students to work on meaningful educational projects with peers around the world. Projects cover various subjects and require participants to consider how their work can improve life on the planet. The document provides information on how to get involved with iEARN projects, lists example projects, and outlines resources for teachers and students.
The document discusses various aspects of website design and provides examples of both good and bad websites for each aspect. It covers e-commerce functionality, information provided, ease of use, legible text, ease of purchases, multi-browser functionality, and simple graphics. For each aspect, it summarizes the key features of an exemplary website and one that could be improved.
The document outlines various monthly holidays and events throughout the year. Some of the events include Poetry Month in January where people write and share poetry, Star Gazing Month in February where people look at constellations, Viking Week in March to honor early European explorers, and Flower Month in May where people take pictures of flowers to share. Many of the monthly events encourage people to participate in activities, take pictures or write stories to share, and recognize appreciating what you have.
This document summarizes a study on telemedicine and its application in geriatric care in Japan. It finds that as Japan's population rapidly ages, telemedicine can help address issues of access to care, especially in rural areas. The study proposes models of mobile clinics connected to urban hospitals via internet and virtual remote consultations using videoconferencing. An experiment of these approaches found they were effective and practical ways to provide care. The document also examines attitudes towards spirituality and mental health among elderly Japanese.
This document contains code and text for a sign in page for a Windows Live/Hotmail account. It includes meta tags and links for the page title, description and favicon. There are also JavaScript variables defined for text, links, and URLs used for different elements and functions on the sign in page such as help links, error messages, and form submission URLs.
This document provides an index of 265 companies that supply parts for 146 aircraft programs. It includes contact information, products/services, and aircraft programs for each company listed alphabetically. The full report was compiled on December 12, 2014 from the Airframer database and the latest information can be found at www.airframer.com. Subscriptions to Airframer's daily updated documents are available for individuals and organizations.
L-3 Communications had a very successful year in 2005, exceeding financial goals and expanding capabilities through acquisitions. Key highlights include:
- Sales increased 36.9% to $9.4 billion and operating income rose 33.1% to $996.7 million.
- The company supported US forces in Iraq and Afghanistan and expanded its portfolio to meet DoD transformation needs.
- Strategic acquisitions strengthened areas like C3ISR, electro-optics, and expanded the international business.
- The company is well positioned for future programs focused on joint C3I, mobility, precision weapons and intelligence.
This document provides an overview of hiragana, the Japanese syllabary, including pronunciations and stroke order for each character. It encourages visitors to visit the NHK WORLD website for audio pronunciations. The bulk of the document displays hiragana characters with their stroke order and associated pronunciation.
This document provides guidelines for energy efficient building design. It covers lighting, electric power and distribution, building envelope, air conditioning systems, and boiler and hot water systems. For lighting, it recommends efficient lamp types and design approaches to reduce energy use. It sets maximum power density limits for interior and exterior lighting. For other building systems, it provides requirements for equipment efficiency and design criteria to improve energy performance. The guidelines aim to reduce building energy use while maintaining occupant comfort.
Agenția Internațională a Energiei Regenrabile a anunțat recent că prețurile energiei regenerabile vor deveni competitive în următorii doi ani. Potrivit experților IRENA, până în 2020, vom plăti mai puțin pe orice formă de energie regenerabilă decât pe energia obținută prin arderea combustibililor fosili.
The document discusses guidelines for designing and constructing passive houses in Ireland according to the Passivhaus standard. It defines key aspects of the Passivhaus standard, including minimizing heat losses and maximizing heat gains to reduce the need for active space heating and cooling systems. It also covers how the Passivhaus standard has evolved in Europe and Ireland. The guidelines provide information on the passive house design process, principles of reducing heat losses and gains, energy balance calculations, a prototype passive house design for Ireland, and cost considerations.
This document provides an overview of a European Commission-funded project called AC/DC that aims to advance the automotive industry through collaboration and modularity. The project supports the transition from build-to-order to customize-to-order production approaches. Key contributions of the project include the development of smart modular products like an innovative rear axle module, methods for collaborative production network management called Dynamic Supply Loops, and making production systems more flexible. The document provides details on the technical components developed and results of applying the new approaches, which achieved strategic objectives like reducing lead times and inventory.
This document provides renewable energy roadmaps for the Euro-Mediterranean region adapted to regional climatic, economic, and social characteristics. Roadmaps are presented for wind energy, solar photovoltaics, and solar thermal electricity. The roadmaps identify challenges and priorities for each technology to maximize impact in the areas of cost reduction, market potential, greenhouse gas emission savings, and grid integration through 2024. Priorities include improving efficiency, lowering costs, and adapting technologies to the regional climate and conditions in North Africa. The roadmaps will guide cooperation on innovative projects between Europe and North Africa.
This paper summarises the issues identified when considering the proposed alignment and potential harmonisation of the three energy modelling protocols in current use in the Australian non-residential building industry namely:
NCC 2011 Volume 1 (Building Code of Australia) –Verification method JV3
Green Star Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator Guide – Public Building PILOT
NABERS Energy – Guide to Building Energy Estimation (for commitment agreements)
Assessing Flexibility for Wind Powered Industrial ProcessesLeonardo ENERGY
The concept of flexibility in industrial electricity consumption is not new, but company managers tend to know little about its true value and how it can be monetized. Dynamic flexibility makes it possible to maximize self-consumption of on-site wind power. By extension, it can also serve other purposes, such as valorizing this flexibility on the energy market or maximizing self-consumption of other variable output renewable energy systems.
Two methods to assess the flexibility potential of industrial processes are discussed.
The first method – the ‘Flexibility Checklist’ – sets out ten criteria to assess the capacity of an industrial process to operate flexibly. Companies can score themselves against each criterion. The Flexibility Checklist provides a quick and easy assessment of potential problems that could arise when industrial processes are powered using on-site wind turbines, although it is not sufficiently rigorous to fully inform final decision-making.
The second method – the ‘Flexibility Audit’ – starts with a comprehensive assessment of an industrial site’s potential for flexibility and seeks to determine potential flexibilities right down to individual device level. The auditors adopt an open-minded approach so that they can uncover flexibility where it might not be anticipated. Data from the audit are combined with data on company power consumption and business processes to model optimum solutions. The Flexibility Audit requires greater commitment from the company, but delivers results that are built on tested data.
Researchers modeling with the Flexibility Checklist and the Flexibility Audit have identified strong business cases. From a technological point of view there are no insurmountable barriers to the concept and, if circumstances are favorable, flexible industrial processes powered by on site wind energy could be of real benefit to industrial companies daring to make the move.
(ECI Publication Cu0202)
The California Energy Commission is providing this guide as an information resource to those installing photovoltaic (PV) systems under the Emerging Renewables Buydown Program. The guides pretty much covers everything you need to know to get started with your solar array today. This is the first published draft of this guide and represents the current state-of-the-art in PV system installation. We hope that this guide is a worthwhile addition to the resources available for installers. Visit http://pvdepot.com solar panels resource page.
The energy survey of Luxury Flats identified opportunities to reduce energy waste and improve efficiency. Minor changes like adjusting lighting sensors and ensuring facilities are turned off could save energy without costs. Installing sub-metering on the energy-intensive leisure center would allow for closer monitoring. While renewable technologies may be viable, their impact would be limited and require cooperation from residents and management. The report recommends prioritizing no-cost solutions before considering more significant upgrades or replacements in 5-10 years.
An investigation into the use of modern methods of construction in uk home bu...Dean Jones
This document is a dissertation submitted by Dean Jones to London South Bank University in 2009 investigating the use of modern methods of construction (MMC) in UK home building. The dissertation analyzes the perceived benefits of MMC and investigates recent UK government initiatives promoting MMC, including the Design for Manufacture Competition. Through case studies and surveys, the dissertation compares the theoretical benefits of MMC to practical outcomes. The results show that while speed of construction was confirmed as a benefit, other theoretical benefits like cost savings were not always realized in practice. The conclusion considers how future MMC projects can better account for this in their planning.
This document discusses building maintenance cost concepts. It classifies maintenance costs according to location, building elements, functional systems, purpose, and causes. It also discusses ways to control maintenance costs such as classifying costs, setting expenditure levels, and prioritizing maintenance work. Proper classification, control, and prioritization of maintenance costs can help reduce overall building maintenance costs.
Building integrated photovoltaic designs for commercial and industrial strucarchitect Eman
The document provides details on building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed at several commercial and institutional buildings. It describes a 14 kW BIPV system integrated into the curtain wall of 4 Times Square in New York City. The amorphous silicon PV modules replace conventional spandrel glass and generate an estimated 13,800 kWh per year. They are mounted in the same way as standard glass using a custom design that harmonizes with the building's established appearance. The project demonstrates that BIPV can generate renewable electricity cost-effectively in urban environments.
This document is a report that analyzes replacing regular transmission line conductors with superconductors. It discusses the problems with current transmission lines, such as losses due to resistance, instability, and environmental/safety issues. The report proposes using superconducting cables cooled by liquid hydrogen in underground conduits as a solution. It evaluates the feasibility and costs/benefits of implementing this system compared to alternatives. The conclusion recommends superconducting cables as they would eliminate losses and provide a more efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly grid.
This master's thesis develops a mathematical index called the Γ-index to quantify the technological flexibility of dispatchable power generation units. The Γ-index is calculated as the normalized integral of weighted flexibility terms over time. These terms evaluate dynamic features like ramp rates and minimum run times, as well as static features such as maximum step changes and reliability. The Γ-index is tested by evaluating the flexibility of different power plant technologies. The results show diesel engines and gas turbines are most flexible, followed by combined cycle plants, then steam plants, with nuclear ranked as least flexible. The Γ-index could help quantify the value of flexible generation and inform decisions around power system planning and policymaking.
This document evaluates the effectiveness of Piney Lakes Environmental Education Centre (PLEEC) as an energy efficient demonstration building. A multi-disciplinary evaluation of the building's thermal performance, residual energy demands, visitor numbers, objectives, operation, maintenance, and building management system was conducted. The evaluation found that PLEEC frequently overheated in the summer due to substandard night ventilation, lack of surrounding vegetation, and incorrect user operation. However, PLEEC provides a unique facility for environmental education and increasing public awareness of energy efficiency issues. The building requires active user participation and regular maintenance to optimize performance over the long term.
The elements of parking structures, more than any other building type, require routine maintenance. This manual is intended for the owners, operators,
architects, and engineers of precast parking structures in order to assist them in extending their structure’s service life. The recommendations and
procedures offered herewith will hopefully serve as a valuable resource for maintaining existing structures and for architects and engineers during the initial design phase of new parking structures.
This thesis proposes an innovation called Environmentally Opportunistic Computing (EOC) to address the large amounts of waste heat generated by data centers. EOC nodes would utilize an algorithm to supply waste heat from servers to locations where it is needed, such as for building heating. This would significantly reduce data center cooling costs. The thesis outlines the science and engineering behind EOC, reviews potential applications, discusses intellectual property considerations, identifies barriers to commercialization, and describes additional work needed to develop EOC into a business.
END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
ABOUT IRENA
IRENA is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy.
IRENA promotes the widespread
adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and
low-carbon economic growth and prosperity.
To find out more visit;-
www.irena.org
End of-life management solar photovoltaic panels 2016 irenaAlpha
This document provides acknowledgements and credits for contributors to a publication on end-of-life management of solar photovoltaic panels. It thanks experts who contributed to and reviewed the report, as well as organizations that supported the work. The publication was a collaboration between IRENA and IEA-PVPS, and addresses the growing issue of solar panel waste as global PV installation increases rapidly.
Case Studies in Highly-Energy Efficient DatacentersMichael Searles
New tools, designs and services have emerged to help datacenter operators improve the energy efficiency of IT and facilties. This report examines the use of these technologies and techniques in real deployments.
Recent Trends Fueling The Surge in Farmhouse Demand in IndiaFarmland Bazaar
Embarking on the journey to acquire a farmhouse for sale is just the beginning; the real investment lies in crafting an environment that contributes to our mental and physical well-being while satisfying the soul. At Farmlandbazaar.com, India’s leading online marketplace dedicated to farm land, farmhouses, and agricultural lands, we understand the importance of transforming a humble farmland into a warm and inviting sanctuary. Let's explore the fundamental aspects that can elevate your farmhouse into a tranquil haven.
At Geomatrix, we Pride Ourselves on our Commitment to Superior Craftsmanship and client satisfaction. Our team Consists of Highly Qualified specialists including Architects, Engineers, project Managers, and skilled labourers who work seamlessly together to achieve ourclients' Objectives. Geomatrix is recognized as the Best Construction Company in Haldwani, Dedicated to bringing visions to life with unparalleled Expertise and Professionalism.
For more information visit:
https://geomatrix.co.in/
The KA Housing - Catalogue - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Welcome to KA Housing, a distinguished real estate development nestled in the heart of Eyüpsultan, one of Istanbul’s most promising districts.
Just 10 minutes from the bustling city center, Eyüpsultan offers a serene escape with the convenience of urban living. The direct metro line ensures seamless connectivity to all parts of Istanbul, making it an ideal location for residents who seek both tranquility and vibrancy.
KA Housing boasts unparalleled accessibility, with proximity to Istanbul Airport only 30 minutes away, facilitating easy international travel. Effortless city access is guaranteed by direct metro and transportation links to Istanbul’s cultural and commercial hubs. Quick access to key metro lines connects you to every corner of the city within minutes, making commuting and exploring the city hassle-free.
The development offers luxurious living spaces with a range of unit layouts from 1+1 to 4+1, designed with meticulous attention to detail. Each unit features balconies or terraces, providing stunning vistas of Istanbul and enhancing the living experience. High-quality materials and superior craftsmanship ensure durability and elegance, while sound-proof insulation and high ceilings (2.95 m) offer comfort and sophistication.
Residents of KA Housing enjoy exclusive on-site amenities, including a state-of-the-art gym, outdoor swimming pool, yoga area, and walking paths. Entertainment options abound with a private cinema, children’s playground, and a variety of dining options including a café and restaurant. Security and convenience are paramount with 24/7 security, a dedicated carpark garage, and an IP intercom system.
KA Housing represents a prime investment opportunity with limited availability in a high-demand area, ensuring enduring value and potential for lucrative returns. Homes in this development provide exceptional value without compromising on quality, offering affordable luxury for discerning buyers. The construction is of the highest quality, built to the latest seismic and disaster resistance standards, ensuring safety and resilience.
The community and surroundings of KA Housing are enriched by close proximity to prestigious universities such as Haliç University, Bilgi University, and Istanbul Ticaret University, making it an ideal location for students and academics. The development is adjacent to the Alibeyköy stream leading into the Halic waters, offering serene natural escapes amidst lush greenery. Residents can enjoy the cultural richness of the area, surrounded by historical and cultural landmarks that blend leisure, nature, and culture seamlessly.
https://listingturkey.com/property/the-ka-housing/
AVRUPA KONUTLARI ESENTEPE - ENGLISH - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Looking for a new home in Istanbul? Look no further than Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe! Our beautifully designed homes provide the perfect blend of luxury and comfort, making them the perfect choice for anyone looking for a high-quality home in the city.
With a wide range of apartment types available, from 1+1 to 4+1, we have something to suit every need and budget. Each apartment is designed with attention to detail and features spacious and bright living areas, making them the perfect place to relax and unwind after a long day.
One of the things that sets Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe apart from other developments is our focus on creating a community that is both comfortable and convenient. Our homes are surrounded by lush green spaces, perfect for enjoying a peaceful stroll or having a picnic with friends and family. Additionally, our complex includes a variety of social and recreational amenities, such as swimming pools, sports fields, and playgrounds, making it easy for residents to stay active and socialize with their neighbors.
https://listingturkey.com/property/avrupa-konutlari-esentepe/
If you're Planning to Build a House in Haldwani, Understanding the House Construction Cost in Haldwani is crucial. It's important to grasp the direct and indirect cost factors entailed in the Construction process before Initiating any work. This Understanding is pivotal for Efficient Budget allocation, allowing you to plan your finances more Effectively. Construction expenses can vary Significantly, Influenced by Diverse Elements such as site Location, raw material prices, Labour charges, and various other variables. Here at Geomatrix, we pride Ourselves on offering competitive rates for house construction in Haldwani, ensuring affordability without Compromising on quality and providing the best options within your budget. For a precise evaluation of the cost involved in constructing your dream home, consult our team of architects and construction experts.
For more information visit:
https://geomatrix.co.in/services/real-estate-project-management-in-haldwani/
Discover Yeni Eyup Evleri 2, nestled among the rising values of Eyupsultan, offering the epitome of modern living in Istanbul.
With its spacious living areas, contemporary architecture, and meticulous details, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is poised to be the star of your happiest moments. Situated in the new favorite district of Eyupsultan, claim your spot and unlock the doors to a peaceful life alongside your loved ones. Nestled next to the historical and natural beauties of Eyupsultan, embrace the comfort of modern living and rediscover life.
Social Amenities:
Yeni Eyup 2 offers a life filled with joy with its green landscaping areas, gym, sauna, children’s play areas, café, outdoor pool, and basketball court. Reserve your place for unforgettable moments!
Reliable Structure:
With 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is designed with first-class materials and craftsmanship. The doors to a safe and comfortable life are here! Choose the option that suits you best and step into your dream home.
Project:
Yeni Eyup 2 is conveniently located, with Istanbul Airport just 26 minutes away, the Mecidiyeköy Metro Line 4 minutes away, and the Tram Stop 5 minutes away, making your life easier with its central location.
Location:
Your home is positioned in a privileged location, providing easy access to the city center, shopping malls, restaurants, schools, and other important places.
Yeni Eyup 2 offers 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options designed to meet different needs. Find an option suitable for every lifestyle and open the doors to a comfortable life in your dream home.
https://listingturkey.com/property/yeni-eyup-evleri-2/
BEST FARMLAND FOR SALE | FARM PLOTS NEAR BANGALORE | KANAKAPURA | CHICKKABALP...knox groups real estate
welcome to knox groups real estate company in Bangalore. best farm land for sale near Bangalore and madhugiri . Managed farmland near Kanakapura and Chickkabalapur get know more details about the projects .Knox groups is a leading real estate company dedicated to helping individuals and businesses navigate the dynamic real estate market. With our extensive knowledge, experience, and commitment to excellence, we deliver exceptional results for our clients. Discover the perfect foundation for your agricultural aspirations with KNOX Groups' prime farm lands. These aren't just plots; they're the fertile grounds where vibrant crops flourish, livestock thrives, and unique agricultural ventures come to life. At KNOX, we go beyond selling land we curate sustainable ecosystems, ensuring that your journey toward agricultural success is seamless and prosperous.
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2. The Sustainable Substation Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 3
2.0 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 5
2.1 Traditional Design .........................................................................................................5
2.2 Sustainable Design .........................................................................................................6
2.3 Design Results ...............................................................................................................7
3.0 MATERIAL STRATEGIES ...................................................................................... 8
3.1 Construction Waste Management Plan ..........................................................................8
3.1.1 Source Reduction ...............................................................................................8
3.1.2 Demolition Waste Plan ......................................................................................8
3.2 Sustainable Materials and Vendors ................................................................................9
3.2.1 Recycled Content ...............................................................................................9
3.2.2 Regional Materials and Local Suppliers ..........................................................10
4.0 CONTROL & SWITCHGEAR ENCLOSURES OPTIMIZATION ........................... 11
4.1 Building Envelope .......................................................................................................11
4.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems ...................................12
4.3 Lighting System ...........................................................................................................13
4.4 Auxiliary Power – Photovoltaic Panels .......................................................................13
5.0 PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTEGRATION .................................... 14
5.1 Charging Equipment ....................................................................................................14
5.2 Required Substation ModificatIons .............................................................................15
6.0 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS .......................................................... 16
6.1 Display Boards .............................................................................................................16
6.2 Local School Partnership .............................................................................................16
7.0 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 17
7.1 Stormwater Management .............................................................................................17
7.2 Material Strategies .......................................................................................................17
7.3 Control Enclosure Optomization .................................................................................17
7.4 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations ..............................................................................17
7.5 Public Education and Awareness .................................................................................18
Northeast Utilities 1 Burns & McDonnell
3. The Sustainable Substation Table of Contents
APPENDIX A GLOSSARY……………………………………………………………...19
LIST OF TABLES
Page No.
Table 2-1 Stormwater Flow Summary .................................................................................... 7
Table 4-1 Insulation Requirements ........................................................................................ 12
LIST OF FIGURES
Page No.
Figure 2-1 Grass and Gravel Pavers Installation ...................................................................... 6
Northeast Utilities 2 Burns & McDonnell
4. The Sustainable Substation Introduction
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Safety, reliability, affordability, new regulations, or new technology…regardless of the topic, customers
and investors expect their businesses to lead by example and be the best in class. Sustainability, the
environmentally sensitive approach to long-term stewardship of limited resources, and the ability to be
“green” in business practices, has been added to that list. Northeast Utilities Service Company (NUSCO)
has partnered with Burns & McDonnell (BMcD) to explore the possibilities of integrating common
sustainable design strategies into their standard substation plans as part of the response to the ever-
increasing customer demand for sustainable environmental practices. The Connecticut Light & Power
Company’s (CL&P’s) 115/13.8 -kV Sherwood Substation in Westport, Connecticut will be used as a pilot
site. NUSCO and BMcD will evaluate various environmentally friendly or sustainable design strategies,
and the viability of incorporating these designs into the design, for future substation projects.
This study focuses on five different sustainability components:
1. Stormwater Management
2. Material Strategies
3. Control Building Optimization
4. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station
Implementation, and
5. Public Education and Awareness.
To optimize and evaluate the cost/benefit comparison, BMcD identified unique opportunities that are
unique to the Sherwood Substation site within the framework of the five identified sustainability
components:
Stormwater Management - A typical substation has many requirements for stormwater
management. Using a new innovative strategy, the Sherwood site’s stormwater runoff impacts
will be minimized.
Material Strategies - There are many opportunities for responsible use of building materials at
the site. Beyond optimizing the efficiency of the new construction materials, using salvageable
materials from the demolition of the house currently existing on the proposed building footprint
creates a recycling opportunity.
Control Enclosure Optimization - There is a significant opportunity for energy savings by
simple modifications to standard control enclosure specifications by using common sustainable
building principals.
Northeast Utilities 3 Burns & McDonnell
5. The Sustainable Substation Introduction
PHEV/EV Charging Station - The proximity of the site to the commuter rail parking lot is very
attractive. Strategically, the proximity to this lot allows for the convenient installation of future
high-voltage, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electrical vehicle (EV) charging
stations.
Public Education and Awareness - The volume of people that will be exposed to the innovative
strategies provides NUSCO with a great opportunity to educate and increase awareness among its
customers about its environmental initiatives.
One of the leaders in the movement to promote sustainable building practices, the U.S. Green Building
Council (USGBC), promotes sustainable building practices among the nation’s owners, architects,
engineers, and contractors. USGBC is best known for the development of the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating systems. The LEED manual is one of the most
comprehensive guides to sustainable design, providing many ideas, strategies, and implementation
techniques for the design of commercial and residential buildings. Several of these same concepts can be
applied to substation design and easily integrated into the design process. One of the advantages BMcD
has in identifying these types of opportunities is its experience within the sustainable design market. The
strategies used in the Sustainable Substation Concept have been used successfully in other industries, but
never implemented in this arena. Currently, LEED certification does not apply to unoccupied, industrial
facilities like electric substations. NUSCO, in its effort to lead by example and meet the ever-changing
expectations of customers, regulators, and investors, will evaluate the application of sustainable, LEED-
like design parameters in future substations in their system.
Northeast Utilities 4 Burns & McDonnell
6. The Sustainable Substation Stormwater Management
2.0 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
One key way to reduce the impact of any new development is to mitigate the impacts on the surrounding
areas from stormwater released from the site. Stormwater regulations vary from state to state, but most
require at least limiting stormwater volume and flow rates from the site to pre-existing conditions, in
addition to requiring the removal of pollutants carried from the site with the runoff. The stormwater
design requirements for the state of Connecticut in the 2004 Stormwater Quality Manual were used to
develop the stormwater plans for the purpose of this study. The three main goals of the state requirements
are:
1. reducing pollutants,
2. maintaining groundwater recharge, and
3. controlling peak runoff flow from a potential site.
Stormwater mitigation at a site can be achieved through a variety of both structural and low impact design
(LID) and best management practices (BMPs) explained in detail in the 2004 Stormwater Quality
Manual. The type of BMP to be used at each site is dependent on the site location, the land area available
for development, the existing drainage patterns, and the soil type at the site, among other determining
factors.
The existing site for the proposed development of the Sherwood Substation was occupied by a residential
house, has a wetland on the lot's west side, and is covered with trees in the remaining areas. The site is
constrained to the north by a commuter rail line and to the south and east by local roadways. In general,
the natural drainage of the property runs from east to west, toward the existing wetlands.
2.1 TRADITIONAL DESIGN
Stormwater management is an integral part of the design and development of new substations due to
increasing governing regulations. The transition of a site from a wooded area or meadow into an
impervious or partially impervious development decreases the amount of water naturally absorbed by the
ground. This causes increased runoff generated from the site and decreases the amount of water that
naturally recharges the groundwater table. To mitigate these impacts, the typical design approach collects
the stormwater in underdrains, inlets, or ditches, and is conveyed to a stormwater pond or basin where it
is infiltrated or released through a regulated outlet structure.
The traditional design layout for the Sherwood Substation is shown in SK-001 in Error! Reference
source not found.. The entire site within the substation fence, and a three-foot extension outside of the
Northeast Utilities 5 Burns & McDonnell
7. The Sustainable Substation Stormwater Management
fence, is surfaced with crushed stone approximately 4 to 6 inches thick. The total area within the
substation fence to be covered with stone is 0.56 acre. The site slopes to the west where the stormwater is
collected in an infiltration basin west of the site. Placed outside of the substation fence line, the
infiltration basin area encompasses approximately 2,500 square feet and is approximately 4 feet deep. A
portion of the stormwater is infiltrated per the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection (DEP) Stormwater Manual requirements. The remainder of the stormwater is then discharged
to the wetland west of the developed substation and to the existing stormwater system east of the site.
2.2 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
In the Sherwood Substation sustainable design, infiltration within the yard is utilized to facilitate runoff
rate reduction, volume reduction, groundwater recharge, and pollutant removal, while minimizing
construction disturbance area. To mitigate the effects of the development while also minimizing the area
of disturbance, the sustainable substation design proposes using a new method of surfacing within the
substation fence. A plastic grid system will be placed between 12 inches of #2 stone below and 6 inches
of topsoil above utilizing UrbanGreenTM Grass, Gravel Pavers Grass, and Gravel Pavers. The installed
cost for the pavers and installation of the pavers on site is approximately $2.50 per square foot.
Figure 2-1 Grass and Gravel Pavers Installation
Native low-growing warm-season and drought-tolerant grasses are proposed to be planted in the topsoil
above the pavers for low-maintenance purposes. The vegetated drive space will require minimal
maintenance; no watering will be required. Care will have to be taken during snow removal to ensure the
plow does not hit the pavers which might result in pulling the pavers from the ground.
The use of the vegetated system will decrease the amount of graveled surface within the substation fence
by 52 percent to 0.27 acre. The grid system is proposed to be utilized from five feet outside of the
equipment to the fence line. To maintain standard surfacing and grounding procedures in areas where an
operator has a potential to come in contact with equipment, the areas around the equipment will be
Northeast Utilities 6 Burns & McDonnell
8. The Sustainable Substation Stormwater Management
surfaced with crushed rock. Crushed rock will also be placed around the exterior perimeter of the fence
per standard design requirements to maintain standard touch potential protection levels. To account for
high rains and potential for slow infiltration, perforated underdrains connected to agridrains at the low end
of the substation will allow water to flow out. This prevents saturating the soil layer or the substation pad
that would otherwise lead to potential rutting within the substation fence.
In addition to capturing runoff and infiltration, Grass and Gravel Pavers provide the following benefits
beyond traditional stormwater design:
Maximize green space while providing a stable working platform and driving surface;
Minimize disturbance area compared to traditional design; and
Lower heat island effect.
2.3 DESIGN RESULTS
The site was analyzed for the 2, 10, 25, and 100-year 24-hour storms. The results of both the traditional
and sustainable models are shown in Table 2-1 below.
Table 2-1 Stormwater Flow Summary
Post Construction Sustainable
Design
Storm Event Pre-
(recurrence Construction Sustainable % Change
Traditional Design
years) (cfs) from
Design (cfs)
(cfs) Existing
Conditions
2 1.68 0.62 0.62 36.90%
10 3.65 1.39 1.36 37.26%
25 4.52 2.61 1.74 38.94%
100 6.45 6.27 4.06 62.95%
The sustainable design meets or exceeds the performance of the traditional detention basin design while
minimizing the area of disturbance. This benefit allows more of the purchased land to be developed as
less area is needed to manage stormwater. It also presents the possibility of purchasing smaller plots of
land for substations. Both of these scenarios offer cost savings. In addition to potential cost savings, the
sustainable substation provides a design meeting or exceeding all permitting requirements, while
providing a positive impact to the environment and surrounding landowners.
Northeast Utilities 7 Burns & McDonnell
9. The Sustainable Substation Material Strategies
3.0 MATERIAL STRATEGIES
According to the LEED Manual, the total waste stream in the United States is comprised of almost 40%
construction and demolition wastes. Even a relatively small construction project presents ample
opportunities to utilize sustainable materials and practice waste reduction. The waste stream for the
Sherwood Substation construction can be greatly reduced via the implementation of a construction waste
management plan. To optimize efficiency and effectiveness, it is imperative to develop this plan in
conjunction with the recycler/waste hauler for the project. Additionally, the use of recycled, salvaged, or
sustainable products further decreases the overall waste stream associated with the project. Contractors,
vendors, and suppliers should not only be selected solely upon cost and product, but also by the
sustainable practices employed throughout their business. With green and sustainable building practices
beginning to transition from small market niches to industry-wide standards, like-minded suppliers are
also evolving their business practices. This is creating a market where more competitively priced
products are readily found. To successfully execute a change in the way materials are used, all parties
involved must be jointly aware and involved in the scope, schedule, and overall project process. Failing
to capitalize on this opportunity for coordination and synergy decreases the potential level of
sustainability of the end product.
3.1 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
The goal of a construction waste management plan is to divert construction and demolition debris from
disposal in landfills and incineration facilities, thereby creating opportunities to recycle and salvage
materials for future use. The two main focuses of this plan are reduction of source materials and
demolition waste.
3.1.1 Source Reduction
Source reduction of waste is the largest factor in reducing the total waste stream. One simple way of
addressing this issue is working with vendors and suppliers to reduce the amount of packaging and to
practice shop fabrication where possible. In many cases it is possible to reuse packaging material on
larger substation equipment. The use of modular construction is also a means of source reduction, a
strategy exemplified by the control house. See Section 4.0 for more details on the control house.
3.1.2 Demolition Waste Plan
At the Sherwood Substation site, several opportunities exist to minimize the impact of demolition waste,
including the materials from the existing residential structure, pavement, trees, and shrubs. A thorough
assessment of the existing house on the site reveals which materials can be recycled or reused after the
Northeast Utilities 8 Burns & McDonnell
10. The Sustainable Substation Material Strategies
demolition process. Easily recycled/reusable materials can include metal, concrete, wood, gypsum
wallboard, crushed asphalt, masonry, and cardboard among others. Local demolition contractors with
experience in recycling and salvaging materials are able to outline a plan for this methodical process to
maximize the amount of waste diverted. The contractor is then able to present the owner with a tonnage
and percentage of recycled material and waste diverted. Not only are benefits seen by diverting waste
from landfills and incinerators, but also certain recyclables, such as metals, can provide an economic
payback to the project. With a site filled with trees and shrubs, there is a fair amount of land clearing
debris that can be chipped and utilized in erosion control, specifically in construction staging areas and
entrances to the site. Taking advantage of these opportunities will make the best use of the necessary
demolition at the Sherwood site.
3.2 SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND VENDORS
Certain materials used on this project are already established as products with high recycled content,
including steel. Others materials, including concrete, are not as common, with relatively high amounts of
recycled content, but still available. By finding products containing recycled content (and the vendors
supplying them), the amount of virgin materials used on the project is reduced and the recycled material
market is additionally promoted.
3.2.1 Recycled Content
Identified below are products and the associated opportunities by using them within the site (excluding
the modular control house in Section 4.0).
3.2.1.1 Retaining Walls
More manufacturers are ensuring their wall blocks are made from a considerable amount of recycled
concrete, and utilize recycled fly ash in the new blocks. Retaining walls help with erosion and runoff into
the nearby waterway leading directly into the ocean.
3.2.1.2 Concrete
Many concrete suppliers have successfully utilized recycled concrete and fly ash and maintained a high
level of quality. Per NUSCO standard SUB 12, fly ash is not allowed in structural concrete, but it may be
acceptable to use it in non-structural concrete (i.e. duct banks) in limited percentages while complying
with ASTM C311 and ACI 318-08 Building Code. The quantity and application would have to be
evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Fly ash will reduce the carbon footprint of the project by replacing
portions of the Portland Cement, and thus eliminating some of the greenhouse gases produced via its
Northeast Utilities 9 Burns & McDonnell
11. The Sustainable Substation Material Strategies
manufacturing process. The use of higher quantities of fly ash will also be an economical benefit; fly ash
is generally cheaper than the Portland cement it replaces.
3.2.1.3 Steel
Steel is typically made from high recycled content. Due to its readiness, any steel product used on this
project should contain a high recycled-content percentage. Nucor Corporation, the nation’s largest
recycler, provided recycled percentages of bar and beam products at 99.9% and 82.9% as seen in Figure 1
in Error! Reference source not found..
3.2.1.4 Wood
It is unlikely that any wood will be permanently installed on this project, but there may be opportunities
to reuse wood for concrete forms. Alternatively, contractors may utilize reusable metal forms.
3.2.1.5 Rock Aggregate
Several opportunities exist to use reclaimed crushed concrete on this project:
as a sub base for foundation and roads,
for temporary erosion control,
for slope stabilization, and
for the substation pad itself.
The percentage of recycled content within each opportunity varies depending on Connecticut Department
of Transportation (CDOT) specifications and NUSCO standards. Further research of each opportunity
may be necessary to determine which opportunities will be beneficial to the project.
3.2.2 Regional Materials and Local Suppliers
According to the LEED Manual, vendors and suppliers should be located within a 500-mile radius of the
project, where possible. The benefits of this requirement are twofold:
Cutting down on transportation costs reduces the carbon footprint of the project.
Using local suppliers supports the local economy.
The concept is taken a step further by identifying vendors and suppliers who extract and manufacture
their raw materials within that 500-mile radius as well. A 100-mile radius is preferred for heavier
materials such as steel and aggregate. If executed properly, then the potential tangible and intangible
benefits of using regional materials and local suppliers are realized in Sherwood Substation.
Northeast Utilities 10 Burns & McDonnell
12. The Sustainable Substation Control & Switchgear Enclosures Optimization
4.0 CONTROL & SWITCHGEAR ENCLOSURES OPTIMIZATION
Sustainable Design is commonly implemented in commercial and residential buildings. Although the
Control of the Sherwood Substation is not for commercial or residential use, it does allow for common
sustainable building strategies to be used to optimize its efficiency. The Control Enclosure, HVAC,
lighting, and auxiliary power were analyzed for efficiency improvements. These improvements were
compared to the minimum allowed in the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Energy Standards. This standard
was selected because it is the energy compliance benchmark for LEED 3.0.
The State of Connecticut has a separate, less restrictive Energy Code than Standard 90.1-2007 Energy
Standards. International Code Council (ICC)-2006 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) is
based on ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004. The enclosure envelope is in voluntary compliance with the
minimum requirement of the State of Connecticut Energy Code. Because the purpose of this evaluation is
to discuss sustainable solutions, it will not refer to the State’s Energy Code. References to the Energy
Code shall imply compliance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007.
The comparison of optimized envelope and equipment to Energy Code minimum was limited to annual
energy consumption. The auxiliary power of the control enclosure would offset the annual energy
consumption of the enclosure. The analysis assumes solar power will be converted to AC; however, it
may be possible to use solar panels to maintain the bank of battery chargers.
4.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
The building envelope in the current specification does not comply with envelope performance
requirements of the Energy Code. The current specification has been revised to comply with the
minimum roof, wall, and floor insulation requirements and is located in Error! Reference source not
found..
By providing more insulation in the roof, walls, and floor, and providing thermal breaks, the envelope
performance is improved beyond the minimum levels outlined in the Energy Code. Increasing the
insulation does not have a significant impact on equipment capacity and annual energy consumption. The
peak cooling load due to the enclosure is only 6,900 BTUH, slightly more than a half of a ton cooling.
The peak heating load due to the enclosure is only 15,000 BTUH.
If the envelope performance were improved to reduce the envelope heating and cooling load by half, it
will reduce the heating and cooling equipment capacity only to the next smaller size. This will result in a
Northeast Utilities 11 Burns & McDonnell
13. The Sustainable Substation Control & Switchgear Enclosures Optimization
small capital savings due to the smaller capacity equipment. Table 4-1 compares the minimum code
requirements to the values required to reduce peak heating and cooling loads by 50%.
Table 4-1 Insulation Requirements
Building Envelope
Element Minimum Envelope Requirements Reduce Envelope Loads to Half
1 4
ROOF U=0.065 R-19 U=0.031 + R-16.8 c.i.
2 5
WALL U=0.113 R-13 U=0.500 + R11.2 c.i.
3
FLOOR U=0.064 R-30 No change No change
1
6 inches of fiberglass batt insulation
2
3-1/2 inches of fiberglass batt insulation
3
8 inches of expanded polystyrene molded beads
4
6 inches of fiberglass batt insulation plus 5 inches of expanded polystyrene molded beads
5
3-1/2 inches of fiberglass batt insulation plus 3 inches of expanded polystyrene molded beads
Control Enclosure suppliers, PowerCon Corporation and Trachte, were contacted regarding this
opportunity, but the revisions to the enclosure that would reduce the envelope load by 50% are currently
not an available. However, they are considering increased insulation as a future option. BMcD’s
recommendation to the suppliers is to comply with the required allowed enclosure insulation. NUSCO
will realize little benefit to improving the enclosure performance beyond that required by the Energy
Code.
4.2 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) SYSTEMS
In the control enclosure, the peak heating and cooling loads are small. Heating loads are 15,000 BTUH
and cooling loads are 29,100 BTUH. The minimum required efficiency rating for the standard wall-pack
units is 3.0 Coefficient of Performance (COP) for heating, and 9.0 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for
cooling. Bard Manufacturing Company’s equipment has been specified and their equipment exceeds the
minimum requirements as follows: 3.2 COP heating and 10.5 EER.
The improved efficiency reduces the annual energy consumption for heating and cooling by 2,400 kWh or
20.7%. Assuming $0.1105 per kWh at the time of the study, an annual savings of $265 is realized
compared to the Energy Code minimum. A comparison was also done between the energy consumption
of the Bard equipment and a geothermal water source heat pump system. The geothermal system reduced
the annual energy consumption by 4,700 kWh or 40.9%. A price of $0.1105 per kWh, would realize an
annual savings of $519 compared to the Energy Code minimum.
When comparing the overall energy consumption of the building using the minimum allowed HVAC
equipment efficiency to a highly efficient geothermal system, the overall savings are not as large (only a
Northeast Utilities 12 Burns & McDonnell
14. The Sustainable Substation Control & Switchgear Enclosures Optimization
5.2% reduction) due to energy consumption by the control equipment. The process loads are the
dominant energy consumer, making the relatively large envelope heating and cooling savings small in
comparison.
Bard does have newer, more efficient equipment in development. The updated equipment will utilize
variable speed compressors that will match the capacity to the load by varying compressor speeds. Any
reduction of compressor speed will reduce energy consumption. The energy consumed by a pump is
related to the power required over time. A variable speed compressor can reduce the energy consumed by
operating at lower speeds. If the compressor can operate at 50% speed instead of 100% speed, then the
power required would be around one-eighth of the power required at 100%. The Bard equipment
efficiency was compared to other manufacturers’ efficiencies and Bard’s equipment proved significantly
better than the competition.
BMcD’s recommendation is to continue specifying the Bard equipment and upgrade to the higher
efficiency Bard equipment as it becomes available and is adequately tested.
4.3 LIGHTING SYSTEM
The lighting system in the Control Enclosure is very basic. A light simulation was performed for the
enclosure. It determined that eight fixtures in a 3×2×3 arrangement comply with the 50-footcandle
requirement at 30 inches above finished floor. Energy Code allows for 1.5 watts per square foot in this
type of enclosure. Using the lighting simulation program, a 33% reduction, or 1.0 watt/square foot, in
energy use was achieved by use of high-efficiency 28 watt T8 or 49 watt T5HO lamps. The possibility of
utilizing LED lamps was investigated, but an LED option in a 4-foot industrial strip was unavailable.
4.4 AUXILIARY POWER – PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
Electric power from photovoltaic (PV) panels can be utilized by converting energy from the sun to
alternating current, and power the enclosure equipment and the station service auxiliary load. The PV
panel was assumed to be installed on one side of the sloped roof. This limited the available area of PV
panels to approximately 290 square feet. Using an automated solar electric estimate tool (solar-
estimate.org), approximately 25% of the annual energy consumption could be offset. The payback on the
PV panels is estimated to be approximately 17 years, based on lifecycle cost.
Northeast Utilities 13 Burns & McDonnell
15. The Sustainable Substation Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integration
5.0 PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTEGRATION
Electric Vehicles are looked upon by some as of the future car market. In addition to meeting
increasingly stringent fuel efficiency mandates, auto manufacturers are evolving their businesses to meet
consumer demands for more environmentally friendly products. Many major car manufacturers have
some variation of an Electric Vehicle (EV) or Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) model in their line
for 2011 with even more coming in 2012/13. The typical EV or PHEV owner charges their vehicle at
home in their garage at night. One of the problems with that model is not all customers have the
opportunity to charge at home and will require public charging stations around their local community.
By integrating charging stations into their public infrastructure, NUSCO can gain the benefit of positive
environmental branding and the opportunity to directly communicate with customers about its
commitment to sustainability in the community.
When located near population centers like residential buildings or office complexes, substations can be
positioned in strategic locations to support large numbers of public charging stations without the added
cost of improvements to existing power infrastructure. Sherwood Substation is located adjacent to a
commuter parking lot for the local rail line. This convenient location, paired with the fact that
Connecticut is a pilot community for EVs such as the all-electric Nissan Leaf, makes the timing perfect
for NUSCO to integrate public charging infrastructure into the Sherwood Substation. As the technology
and development process progresses, many convenient situations such as this could create opportunities
for integration between substations and public EV charging systems.
5.1 CHARGING EQUIPMENT
There are several manufacturers that provide EV and PHEV charging equipment from proven
manufacturers on the market today. While several different levels exist within the entirety of charging
station models, two main levels are used for public charging application. The two levels of charging
stations currently in use are:
AC Level 2 Charging Stations – This unit is ideal when the user has the time to leave the car
connected to the charger unattended. Ideally, this would be for commuters to charge their vehicles
while they are at work during the day.
DC Fast Charging Stations – This unit is more comparable to a standard gasoline pump. The unit can
support faster charging, giving the user a substantial charge in a matter of minutes, depending on
Northeast Utilities 14 Burns & McDonnell
16. The Sustainable Substation Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integration
conditions. The target user of this unit would be one who can take a few minutes in the evening to
receive sufficient charge to complete their commute home.
5.2 REQUIRED SUBSTATION MODIFICATIONS
For charging stations on the market today, little modification is needed. Ten charging stations are
typically placed in commuter lots similar to the size of the one adjacent to Sherwood. As the use of
electric vehicles increase, the number of stations per commuter lot can increase. The station load for 10
Level II charging stations is 72 kW. The small amount of load does not affect the overall design and
capacity of the substation.
Multiple ways exist to connect the charging stations in the commuter lot back to the substation. One
option is to connect the load to a service off one of the distribution circuits. This is treated as any other
customer load and service. Another option is to connect the charging stations directly to the substation
through the station service. For this site, this option is not feasible due to the parking lot located on the
other side of the existing rail. Connecting the chargers to the substation station service would require a
crossing under the railroad.
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17. The Sustainable Substation Public Education and Awareness
6.0 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
One aspect in the concept of sustainable building is educating the public about the technology and
progress made in the area. Being the Sherwood Substation is near a school and directly across from
public commuter parking lots, this could offer great opportunities to display the features of the Sherwood
Substation. Substations are often viewed as eyesores in communities, often overshadowing their
necessity. Providing information about the Sherwood Substation can make the public more aware about
the sustainable building practices employed within the substation.
6.1 DISPLAY BOARDS
There are three commuter parking lots adjacent to the substation that will provide opportunity for great
visibility for the project. Large boards with simple messages and web links to the project’s website will
draw attention to the project and direct the commuters to find more information. In an age where one has
to look no further than their smart phone for information, a waiting commuter will provide a perfect
audience.
6.2 LOCAL SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP
In the nationwide public education debate, there is a push to reemphasize mathematics and sciences
involving young adults at an earlier age, and encourage them to dig deeper and grow an interest in
technical subjects. The current generations of young people genuinely take an interest in sustainable
building and green power. With neighboring Green Farms Academy less than a quarter mile away, a
great opportunity exists to further that interest. Projects such as the Sherwood Sustainable Substation are
the types of engineering projects kids can get exposed to at a young age to motivate their exploration of
the sciences. Showcasing this substation allows NUSCO to provide an example of innovative sustainable
building applications on an inconspicuous site within walking distance of the school. Topics to cover
include, but not limited to:
The purpose of substations
General substation concepts
The layout and equipment in the substation
Sustainable building practices utilized on site, and
Renewable energy projects.
Showcasing the Sherwood Substation will allow NUSCO to provide firsthand examples of sustainable
building applications within a very short distance of the school.
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18. The Sustainable Substation Conclusion
7.0 CONCLUSION
This study focused on five different opportunities to improve the sustainability of substation design:
7.1 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
A new stormwater design allows for 100% of the stormwater to be collected on site. The benefits of the
performance of this new design concept, while maintaining the safety and functionality of the traditional
site, are both tangible and intangible. This design concept creates a direct savings by eliminating the need
for excessive land acquisition traditionally used to retain the stormwater runoff from the substation site.
Additionally, the new site acts as a working advertisement with respect to its improved aesthetic
appearance.
7.2 MATERIAL STRATEGIES
The material strategy substantially reduces the carbon footprint of the substation site. It responsibly takes
care of pre-existing conditions on the site. For example, an existing house that would otherwise be sent
straight to a landfill is recycled and reused. Optimizing the recycled content of the necessary materials on
the site reduces the need for additional raw building materials to be manufactured, as does cutting down
on the construction packaging material. Finally, utilizing local suppliers within a defined distance
decreases carbon emissions required by transportation operations.
7.3 CONTROL ENCLOSURE OPTIMIZATION
A closer look at the design of the control enclosure identifies savings in several areas. A better designed
building envelope decreases energy output by excessive HVAC units. The increased envelope insulation
creates a cost savings by allowing for purchase of smaller HVAC units. Energy typically wasted in
lighting the enclosure is saved with an optimized lighting design and use of LED lamps. Exploring the
possibility of supplementing energy usage with the use of roof-top photovoltaic panels creates decreased
levels of energy usage while providing an additional working advertisement to complement the
stormwater design.
7.4 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS
By integrating public electric vehicle charging stations, NUSCO will enable growth of the emerging EV
industry by integrating public EV infrastructure into its substation planning and design. This new
integration can potentially reduce the carbon footprint of the entire transportation sector.
Northeast Utilities 17 Burns & McDonnell
19. The Sustainable Substation Conclusion
7.5 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
One of the many benefits that the Sherwood Substation offers is the opportunity for public education and
awareness. In addition to the working advertisements the new systems create, providing promotional
material and interacting with the surrounding community helps NUSCO develop their brand as a forward-
thinking company taking initiative in environmental responsibility.
Customers and shareholders alike are demanding environmental responsibility from the corporate world
in which they live. As the owner of New England’s largest energy delivery system, NUSCO knows that
it has a great responsibility in managing the thousands of acres of property which it owns. In addition to
the environmentally conscious practices that NUSCO already follows, The Sustainable Substation
concept is another way to meet the demand of its customers and investors to integrate sustainability into
everyday business practices.
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20. APPENDIX A GLOSSARY
Northeast Utilities 19 Burns & McDonnell
21. 2006 International Energy Conservation energy-efficiency of air conditioners, space
Code (IECC) – Sets forth compliance methods heaters and other cooling and heating devices.
for energy-efficient construction for both
Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) – A rating
residential and nonresidential construction.
system for appliances such as air conditioners
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 – American that indicates how much heat is removed per
Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air- hour for each watt of energy used. Heat is
Conditioning Engineers’ design standard to measured in British thermal units (Btu) and the
establish minimum energy efficiency rating is expressed in Btu per hour per watt.
requirements of buildings, other than low rise
Electric Vehicle (EV) – A vehicle that uses one
residential buildings, for design, construction,
or more electric motors for propulsion
and operations.
Foot-candle – A measure of illuminance (or
Building Envelope – The separation between
light intensity) on a surface equal to one lumen
the interior and the exterior environments of a
per square foot.
building. It serves as the outer shell to protect
the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its Green Farms Academy – Independent co-
climate control. educational college preparatory day school for
grades K-12 located in Green Farms, CT near
Btuh – British Thermal Unit (BTU)/Hour
the Sherwood Substation location.
Carbon Footprint – The total amount of
Heat Island Effect – A phenomenon that occurs
greenhouse gases produced to directly and
in developed areas where the replacement of
indirectly support human activities, usually
natural land cover with paving, buildings, roads,
expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide
parking lots, and other structures result in an
(CO2e).
increase in outdoor temperatures.
Construction Waste Management Plan – A
HVAC – (Heating, Ventilating, and Air
plan that diverts construction debris from
Conditioning) refers to technology of indoor or
landfills through planning to recycle, salvage,
automotive environmental comfort.
and beneficial reuse.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Coefficient of Performance (COP) – Ratio of
Design (LEED) – Established by the US Green
work or useful output to the amount of work or
Building Council, a set of building
energy input, used generally as a measure of the
standards aimed to improve energy efficiency,
and environmental aspects and sustainability of
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22. the built environment. This process establishes Public Charging Stations – Supplies electricity
building credits and leads to a certification for for the recharging of electric vehicles that is
the project. open to the general public.
LEED Certification – The LEED process has Sustainable Design – Design which reduces the
been followed and achieved in the building possible negative effects on the environment as
process. far as possible and makes the most of social and
economic benefits.
LEED Manual – Identifies the program
requirements and policies put in place by GBCI U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) – A
for the purposes of administering the LEED non-profit trade organization that promotes
certification program. sustainability in how buildings are designed,
built, and operated.
Level I Charging Station – A charging station
for electric vehicles using 120-volt, single phase T5HO Lamps – A high output four-foot
outlet charging a vehicle in 8-14 hours. Level I fluorescent lamp that gives off roughly twice the
is the slowest charger available. light output as T8 lamps reducing the amount of
lights to be used and the amount of mercury
Level II Charging Station – A charging station
used in the production of the lamps.
for electric vehicles charging a vehicle in 4-8
hours. Level II is a mid-level charger. T8 Lamps – Fluorescent lamps with a tube
diameter of 26 mm.
Level III Charging Station – A charging
station for electric vehicles requiring higher Waste Stream – The total flow of solid waste
levels of voltage and current, potentially from homes, businesses, institutions, and
charging a vehicle in as little as 15 minutes. manufacturing plants that are recycled, burned,
or disposed of in landfills.
Low Impact Design (LID) – A development
that has less impact on the environment than a
traditional development.
Pilot Community – An experimental program
designed to test administrative and operational
procedures within a certain area to collect
information on service demands and costs that
will serve as a basis for operating programs
efficiently.
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