The document provides an update on the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS) in the UK and discusses a case study of the AECC Energy Centre project.
With the ESOS deadline approaching in December 2015, companies that have not taken action on energy audits have a few options remaining - conducting a full ESOS audit, using Display Energy Certificates, or pursuing ISO 50001 energy management system certification by June 2016. For most large organizations, a full ESOS audit or using DECs will be the most practical options to achieve compliance before the deadline.
The case study describes the AECC Energy Centre project, which will use renewable energy technologies like anaerobic digestion and hydrogen fuel cells to provide zero-carbon energy
The AECC Energy Centre project will showcase renewable energy technologies and allow the Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre to be one of the most sustainable venues in the UK. The energy center will include an anaerobic digestion plant to produce biogas from food waste and crops, which will be converted to biomethane. A combined cooling, heating and power plant will use the biomethane and grid gas to generate power, heat and cooling for the AECC buildings. Excess biomethane and hydrogen produced on-site will be used for transportation fuels. The energy center aims to achieve net zero operational carbon emissions for the AECC through this integrated renewable energy system.
Case Study - Rooftop Solar for Cold StoragePavan Mallela
Rural Agri Business Centres (RABCs) have been seen as one of the significant interventions to accelerate growth of food processing sector. The case covers one such RABC which adopted rooftop solar and kickstarted the green energy adoption in the area.
The CZERO renewable energy solution uses anaerobic digestion to produce biogas from organic matter, which can then be converted into biomethane, electricity, heat, and fertilizer. It provides a sustainable energy supply that supports community development and meets renewable energy requirements. A 50,000 tonne CZERO facility would generate over 50,000 MWh of biomethane annually, enough to power 2,000 homes, while reducing carbon emissions and producing organic fertilizer.
AD ENER-G designs, installs, finances, and operates anaerobic digestion systems that convert organic waste into biogas. As a one-stop-shop, they handle all aspects of developing an anaerobic digestion facility for clients. The biogas produced is used to fuel combined heat and power (CHP) units that generate electricity and heat, providing a renewable energy solution while reducing waste disposal costs and environmental impacts for clients. AD ENER-G has over 20 years of experience delivering these anaerobic digestion and biogas energy systems.
The document discusses hybrid hydropower solutions that combine hydropower facilities with battery storage. It introduces HyBaTec, a hybrid solution developed by ANDRITZ that integrates battery storage into hydropower plants. HyBaTec aims to increase plant flexibility and lifetime by using the battery to balance grid demands and reduce stress on mechanical components. The document outlines several operational modes for HyBaTec, including using the battery for grid services, lifetime extension of equipment, and load shifting capabilities.
Technical and economic viability of biogas-based electricity generation for d...lenses
The document presents a study on the technical and economic viability of biogas-based electricity generation for distributed renewable energy systems in livestock communities in Uganda. It describes 3 case studies: 1) the performance of an existing biogas-to-electricity pilot plant, 2) incorporating a gas engine generator into a domestic biogas system, and 3) developing a model for a dairy farm-based biogas-to-electricity mini grid. The study found that the pilot plant had low energy conversion efficiency and capacity utilization due to low gas quality. However, a cluster of livestock farmers has potential for biogas-based distributed renewable energy if initial costs can be addressed. The study concludes that biogas system design must ensure feedstock availability
Globally, buildings are responsible for one-third of greenhouse gas emissions due to their reliance on conventional energy sources and lack of energy efficiency. To reduce this impact, green building strategies aim to improve energy and water efficiency, use renewable energy sources, and sustainable materials. However, outdated building codes and financing hurdles have impeded progress on green buildings. The document then provides examples of innovative green building designs in India that have achieved significant reductions in energy and water consumption through strategies like net zero waste systems, soil biotechnology for sewage treatment, solar passive design, and renewable energy integration.
The AECC Energy Centre project will showcase renewable energy technologies and allow the Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre to be one of the most sustainable venues in the UK. The energy center will include an anaerobic digestion plant to produce biogas from food waste and crops, which will be converted to biomethane. A combined cooling, heating and power plant will use the biomethane and grid gas to generate power, heat and cooling for the AECC buildings. Excess biomethane and hydrogen produced on-site will be used for transportation fuels. The energy center aims to achieve net zero operational carbon emissions for the AECC through this integrated renewable energy system.
Case Study - Rooftop Solar for Cold StoragePavan Mallela
Rural Agri Business Centres (RABCs) have been seen as one of the significant interventions to accelerate growth of food processing sector. The case covers one such RABC which adopted rooftop solar and kickstarted the green energy adoption in the area.
The CZERO renewable energy solution uses anaerobic digestion to produce biogas from organic matter, which can then be converted into biomethane, electricity, heat, and fertilizer. It provides a sustainable energy supply that supports community development and meets renewable energy requirements. A 50,000 tonne CZERO facility would generate over 50,000 MWh of biomethane annually, enough to power 2,000 homes, while reducing carbon emissions and producing organic fertilizer.
AD ENER-G designs, installs, finances, and operates anaerobic digestion systems that convert organic waste into biogas. As a one-stop-shop, they handle all aspects of developing an anaerobic digestion facility for clients. The biogas produced is used to fuel combined heat and power (CHP) units that generate electricity and heat, providing a renewable energy solution while reducing waste disposal costs and environmental impacts for clients. AD ENER-G has over 20 years of experience delivering these anaerobic digestion and biogas energy systems.
The document discusses hybrid hydropower solutions that combine hydropower facilities with battery storage. It introduces HyBaTec, a hybrid solution developed by ANDRITZ that integrates battery storage into hydropower plants. HyBaTec aims to increase plant flexibility and lifetime by using the battery to balance grid demands and reduce stress on mechanical components. The document outlines several operational modes for HyBaTec, including using the battery for grid services, lifetime extension of equipment, and load shifting capabilities.
Technical and economic viability of biogas-based electricity generation for d...lenses
The document presents a study on the technical and economic viability of biogas-based electricity generation for distributed renewable energy systems in livestock communities in Uganda. It describes 3 case studies: 1) the performance of an existing biogas-to-electricity pilot plant, 2) incorporating a gas engine generator into a domestic biogas system, and 3) developing a model for a dairy farm-based biogas-to-electricity mini grid. The study found that the pilot plant had low energy conversion efficiency and capacity utilization due to low gas quality. However, a cluster of livestock farmers has potential for biogas-based distributed renewable energy if initial costs can be addressed. The study concludes that biogas system design must ensure feedstock availability
Globally, buildings are responsible for one-third of greenhouse gas emissions due to their reliance on conventional energy sources and lack of energy efficiency. To reduce this impact, green building strategies aim to improve energy and water efficiency, use renewable energy sources, and sustainable materials. However, outdated building codes and financing hurdles have impeded progress on green buildings. The document then provides examples of innovative green building designs in India that have achieved significant reductions in energy and water consumption through strategies like net zero waste systems, soil biotechnology for sewage treatment, solar passive design, and renewable energy integration.
This document summarizes research applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) techniques to solve hydrothermal scheduling problems. Hydrothermal scheduling involves optimally coordinating hydroelectric and thermal power generation to minimize fuel costs while meeting demand and accounting for water availability constraints. Previous methods for solving these problems, such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, have drawbacks like long computation times. The document describes applying PSO and FPA to minimize fuel costs for 3-unit and 6-unit test systems, showing they can find near-optimal solutions faster than other methods while satisfying constraints. FPA, based on pollination in plants, is a new metaheuristic that effectively solves the optimization problem with better
The City of Toronto's organics processing facility is carrying out the Renewable Energy Approval process to construct a biogas utilization facility.
Do not include any personal information as all posted material on this site is considered to be part of a public record as defined by section 27 of the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
We reserve the right to remove inappropriate comments. Please see Terms of Use for City of Toronto Social Media Sites at http://www.toronto.ca/e-updates/termsofuse.htm.
Getting most out of bio-energy on industrial sitesEMEX
Businesses in the food and drink sector can generate bio-energy from their bio-degradable residues. On-site Anaerobic Digestion of food processing residues can produce biogas for factory use. If deployed more widely on industrial sites it will reduce reliance on fossil fuels and help cut GHG emissions. One of Britain’s most advanced on-site Anaerobic Digestion (AD) plants, located at First Milk’s Aspatria creamery, is the largest AD plant on a creamery site in Europe.
The document discusses the production of ethanol fuel. It begins with background on ethanol, noting it is cleaner burning and can be produced from feedstocks like corn, sugarcane, and molasses. Case studies of ethanol production facilities in India and Guyana are presented, highlighting their production processes. International case studies of adaptive reuse projects including a tobacco factory converted to a university and a media complex site redeveloped as a landscape park are also summarized. The document concludes by assessing different approaches to an ethanol production facility project.
SUGAR COGEN PPT PPP NTPC DIM MNRE 25APR15 Ram Kaul
The document provides an overview of a presentation on sugar cogeneration and public-private partnerships in India. It discusses India's energy needs and resources, outlines a build-own-operate-transfer model for sugar cogeneration projects, and analyzes the technical and financial feasibility of potential projects at various sugar mills based on their operating parameters and fuel availability. Real-time integrated analysis of sample projects is presented, including heat and mass balances, capital costs, revenue projections, and financial analyses.
This document provides an overview of Emergence Bioenergy Inc.'s waste-to-energy micro-combined heat and power technology and pilot project. The technology uses biogas generated from cattle and agricultural waste to power a micro-CHP unit capable of providing continuous electric power plus heat. A pilot will be conducted at a dairy farm site in Bangladesh to test the technology and business models for supplying power to telecom towers and rural consumers. The objectives are to validate the technology, business model, and ability to provide reliable 24/7 power using multiple fuel sources including biogas, and to determine costs required for commercial scalability.
This document presents a distributed model called Clean Fuel and Healthy Food that aims to provide affordable clean fuel access, local jobs, and regenerative farming solutions in emerging economies. It does this through breakthrough modular enrichment and storage technology and proprietary nutrient recovery technology to produce bioCNG from agricultural waste in a more efficient and affordable way. This bioCNG can then be used for cooking, remote power applications, and mobility to help address global challenges around energy poverty, soil regeneration, and carbon emissions.
Leading Water Utilities Reducing Water-Energy Nexus PressuresRobert Brears
WATER IS REQUIRED to produce nearly all forms of energy. At the same time, electricity is needed to provide drinking water and treat wastewater. Recognizing rising water-energy nexus pressures, a range of water utilities around the world are
developing innovative solutions to reduce these pressures.
Energy Storage - Hatch Innovative approach to cost reductionMichel Carreau
Hatch worked with a battery vendor to complete engineering for 300kW/1.2MWh battery energy storage systems at two mine test locations. Battery energy storage improves performance and efficiency of isolated diesel and wind/solar-diesel hybrid power systems by allowing diesel generators to operate at peak efficiency and providing frequency regulation and spinning reserve. It also improves stability and lowers costs for hybrid systems by turning off unnecessary diesels when clean power is available. Hatch develops optimized energy storage solutions to reduce operating costs with short payback periods.
The document discusses the use of biotechnology to improve energy efficiency at wastewater treatment plants. It provides details about a case study of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant (STP) that achieved significant energy savings and cost reductions by using a biotech product called Fermsept-S.
Before applying Fermsept-S, the STP was not meeting pollution control board limits for various parameters like BOD, COD and TSS. It also faced high operational costs including electricity costs to run aerators, costs of sludge removal and aerator repairs. After applying Fermsept-S, the plant was able to maintain parameters within legal limits and significantly reduce electricity costs by switching off aerators at
Rice husk power plant project for finance, subsidy & project related suppor...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document provides the project design document (PDD) for a proposed 5 MW rice husk power plant project in the Philippines. The PDD includes general descriptions of the project activity, baseline methodology, monitoring plan, and environmental impacts. Specifically, it describes that the project will generate electricity from rice husk, a waste product that is currently burned openly. This will reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to the baseline grid electricity, which is primarily fossil fuel based. The PDD selects an approved small-scale CDM methodology and describes how emissions will be monitored and quantified. Potential environmental impacts are also assessed.
Gasification
Big-Picture
Development Drivers
Gasification-Based Energy Conversion Systems
Commercial IGCC Plants in the U.S.
Active
Under Construction
No Longer Operating
IGCC Technology in Early Commercialization
Coal/Petcoke-Based U.S. IGCC Plants
Operational Performance
Worldwide Gasification Database
This document provides an overview of energy from waste (EfW) technologies for decision-makers. It describes the different EfW technologies including combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas capture. It explains that EfW can help reduce the UK's dependency on energy imports, reduce carbon emissions, and contribute to renewable energy targets. However, barriers to the uptake of EfW include difficulties obtaining planning permission for large EfW plants and inconsistencies in financial incentives like the Renewable Heat Incentive that need to be addressed.
This document summarizes Hatch Energy's approach to hybrid power generation for mining operations. Hatch integrates renewable energy sources like solar and wind with conventional thermal power to deliver electricity at a lower cost than fossil fuels. Their approach removes the upfront capital costs of renewables by having a third party own and operate the renewable assets under a long-term power purchase agreement. This makes renewable energy more cost-competitive for mining clients while lowering their energy costs and risks. Hatch has extensive experience implementing utility-scale renewable projects and designs hybrid systems to maximize the offset of fossil fuels and ensure adequate power supply.
Renewal Power at remote mining site - May 2013Michel Carreau
This document discusses the potential for renewable power at remote mining sites to reduce energy costs. It notes that energy represents a significant portion of mining project costs. Renewable power technologies like wind and solar have become proven and can provide 10-20% reductions in energy costs with price certainty for 20-25 years. However, challenges include gaining management acceptance, upfront costs, technology risks, and integrating variable renewable output. Successful projects require engaging stakeholders, addressing risks, and considering hybrid systems or power purchase agreements to share risks and costs between mining companies and independent power producers.
Reduction of Fossil fuel Dependency through the utilization of Anaerobic Dige...OriginGreenPlatform
This document discusses Dairygold's anaerobic digestion project to reduce fossil fuel dependency and increase waste treatment capacity. The project involved constructing a 45,000 m3 anaerobic digester, the largest in the dairy industry, to treat 27,000 kg/day of organic waste from milk processing into biogas. The €8 million investment generates over 9.1 million kWh of thermal energy annually, providing 6% of the site's steam needs and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by over 1,900 tons per year compared to conventional aerobic treatment. The anaerobic digestion process is more energy efficient and produces less sludge than alternative technologies.
REMOURBAN Information package n2 - District RetrofittingREMOURBAN
This document summarizes energy efficiency retrofitting projects in two districts - Yasam Koyu in Tepebaşı, Turkey and FASA neighbourhood in Valladolid, Spain. In Yasam Koyu, retrofitting of 17 buildings includes insulation, windows, lighting and ventilation upgrades, and solar panels. A district heating system using biomass, heat pumps and solar will replace gas and AC. In FASA, 19 buildings will undergo insulation, lighting upgrades and solar panels on a 14 floor building. Both projects aim to reduce energy consumption and emissions through building and district system improvements. Progress updates indicate work is ongoing in Yasam Koyu and several buildings are complete in FASA. Lessons learned
Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings for the FutureEMEX
NG Bailey, the UK’s largest independent engineering, IT and facilities services business, has worked in partnership with Land Securities to deliver an energy reduction scheme, which resulted in a nine per cent fall in energy use at a number of key London sites – including 80-100 Victoria and New Street Square. The scheme will now be rolled out across a number of other properties in the Land Securities portfolio.
URH2 Metal Hydride Low Pressure Fuel Cells and Bio Reforming 4Ray Gwin
This document discusses URH2's total solution for fuel cells and renewable hydrogen generation. It describes URH2's proprietary metal hydride storage technology using low-pressure canisters, which provides cost advantages over high-pressure hydrogen storage. The document also outlines URH2's bio-reforming process that produces hydrogen from renewable fuels like biogas at costs below $5/kg, providing a renewable alternative to natural gas steam methane reforming. Finally, it mentions URH2's backup fuel cell power systems that can run on the hydride hydrogen canisters and work with the bio-reforming systems to provide packaged power solutions.
Pradeep Kumar Ray has over 23 years of experience in mechanical engineering and project management roles in the construction industry. He is currently the In Charge of the Central Workshop in Gurgaon. Previously he has held roles such as Senior DGM, Chief Manager, Project Manager and Engineer for several construction and engineering companies in India and overseas. He has extensive experience managing plant and machinery operations on highway and infrastructure projects.
This document summarizes research applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) techniques to solve hydrothermal scheduling problems. Hydrothermal scheduling involves optimally coordinating hydroelectric and thermal power generation to minimize fuel costs while meeting demand and accounting for water availability constraints. Previous methods for solving these problems, such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, have drawbacks like long computation times. The document describes applying PSO and FPA to minimize fuel costs for 3-unit and 6-unit test systems, showing they can find near-optimal solutions faster than other methods while satisfying constraints. FPA, based on pollination in plants, is a new metaheuristic that effectively solves the optimization problem with better
The City of Toronto's organics processing facility is carrying out the Renewable Energy Approval process to construct a biogas utilization facility.
Do not include any personal information as all posted material on this site is considered to be part of a public record as defined by section 27 of the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
We reserve the right to remove inappropriate comments. Please see Terms of Use for City of Toronto Social Media Sites at http://www.toronto.ca/e-updates/termsofuse.htm.
Getting most out of bio-energy on industrial sitesEMEX
Businesses in the food and drink sector can generate bio-energy from their bio-degradable residues. On-site Anaerobic Digestion of food processing residues can produce biogas for factory use. If deployed more widely on industrial sites it will reduce reliance on fossil fuels and help cut GHG emissions. One of Britain’s most advanced on-site Anaerobic Digestion (AD) plants, located at First Milk’s Aspatria creamery, is the largest AD plant on a creamery site in Europe.
The document discusses the production of ethanol fuel. It begins with background on ethanol, noting it is cleaner burning and can be produced from feedstocks like corn, sugarcane, and molasses. Case studies of ethanol production facilities in India and Guyana are presented, highlighting their production processes. International case studies of adaptive reuse projects including a tobacco factory converted to a university and a media complex site redeveloped as a landscape park are also summarized. The document concludes by assessing different approaches to an ethanol production facility project.
SUGAR COGEN PPT PPP NTPC DIM MNRE 25APR15 Ram Kaul
The document provides an overview of a presentation on sugar cogeneration and public-private partnerships in India. It discusses India's energy needs and resources, outlines a build-own-operate-transfer model for sugar cogeneration projects, and analyzes the technical and financial feasibility of potential projects at various sugar mills based on their operating parameters and fuel availability. Real-time integrated analysis of sample projects is presented, including heat and mass balances, capital costs, revenue projections, and financial analyses.
This document provides an overview of Emergence Bioenergy Inc.'s waste-to-energy micro-combined heat and power technology and pilot project. The technology uses biogas generated from cattle and agricultural waste to power a micro-CHP unit capable of providing continuous electric power plus heat. A pilot will be conducted at a dairy farm site in Bangladesh to test the technology and business models for supplying power to telecom towers and rural consumers. The objectives are to validate the technology, business model, and ability to provide reliable 24/7 power using multiple fuel sources including biogas, and to determine costs required for commercial scalability.
This document presents a distributed model called Clean Fuel and Healthy Food that aims to provide affordable clean fuel access, local jobs, and regenerative farming solutions in emerging economies. It does this through breakthrough modular enrichment and storage technology and proprietary nutrient recovery technology to produce bioCNG from agricultural waste in a more efficient and affordable way. This bioCNG can then be used for cooking, remote power applications, and mobility to help address global challenges around energy poverty, soil regeneration, and carbon emissions.
Leading Water Utilities Reducing Water-Energy Nexus PressuresRobert Brears
WATER IS REQUIRED to produce nearly all forms of energy. At the same time, electricity is needed to provide drinking water and treat wastewater. Recognizing rising water-energy nexus pressures, a range of water utilities around the world are
developing innovative solutions to reduce these pressures.
Energy Storage - Hatch Innovative approach to cost reductionMichel Carreau
Hatch worked with a battery vendor to complete engineering for 300kW/1.2MWh battery energy storage systems at two mine test locations. Battery energy storage improves performance and efficiency of isolated diesel and wind/solar-diesel hybrid power systems by allowing diesel generators to operate at peak efficiency and providing frequency regulation and spinning reserve. It also improves stability and lowers costs for hybrid systems by turning off unnecessary diesels when clean power is available. Hatch develops optimized energy storage solutions to reduce operating costs with short payback periods.
The document discusses the use of biotechnology to improve energy efficiency at wastewater treatment plants. It provides details about a case study of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant (STP) that achieved significant energy savings and cost reductions by using a biotech product called Fermsept-S.
Before applying Fermsept-S, the STP was not meeting pollution control board limits for various parameters like BOD, COD and TSS. It also faced high operational costs including electricity costs to run aerators, costs of sludge removal and aerator repairs. After applying Fermsept-S, the plant was able to maintain parameters within legal limits and significantly reduce electricity costs by switching off aerators at
Rice husk power plant project for finance, subsidy & project related suppor...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document provides the project design document (PDD) for a proposed 5 MW rice husk power plant project in the Philippines. The PDD includes general descriptions of the project activity, baseline methodology, monitoring plan, and environmental impacts. Specifically, it describes that the project will generate electricity from rice husk, a waste product that is currently burned openly. This will reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to the baseline grid electricity, which is primarily fossil fuel based. The PDD selects an approved small-scale CDM methodology and describes how emissions will be monitored and quantified. Potential environmental impacts are also assessed.
Gasification
Big-Picture
Development Drivers
Gasification-Based Energy Conversion Systems
Commercial IGCC Plants in the U.S.
Active
Under Construction
No Longer Operating
IGCC Technology in Early Commercialization
Coal/Petcoke-Based U.S. IGCC Plants
Operational Performance
Worldwide Gasification Database
This document provides an overview of energy from waste (EfW) technologies for decision-makers. It describes the different EfW technologies including combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas capture. It explains that EfW can help reduce the UK's dependency on energy imports, reduce carbon emissions, and contribute to renewable energy targets. However, barriers to the uptake of EfW include difficulties obtaining planning permission for large EfW plants and inconsistencies in financial incentives like the Renewable Heat Incentive that need to be addressed.
This document summarizes Hatch Energy's approach to hybrid power generation for mining operations. Hatch integrates renewable energy sources like solar and wind with conventional thermal power to deliver electricity at a lower cost than fossil fuels. Their approach removes the upfront capital costs of renewables by having a third party own and operate the renewable assets under a long-term power purchase agreement. This makes renewable energy more cost-competitive for mining clients while lowering their energy costs and risks. Hatch has extensive experience implementing utility-scale renewable projects and designs hybrid systems to maximize the offset of fossil fuels and ensure adequate power supply.
Renewal Power at remote mining site - May 2013Michel Carreau
This document discusses the potential for renewable power at remote mining sites to reduce energy costs. It notes that energy represents a significant portion of mining project costs. Renewable power technologies like wind and solar have become proven and can provide 10-20% reductions in energy costs with price certainty for 20-25 years. However, challenges include gaining management acceptance, upfront costs, technology risks, and integrating variable renewable output. Successful projects require engaging stakeholders, addressing risks, and considering hybrid systems or power purchase agreements to share risks and costs between mining companies and independent power producers.
Reduction of Fossil fuel Dependency through the utilization of Anaerobic Dige...OriginGreenPlatform
This document discusses Dairygold's anaerobic digestion project to reduce fossil fuel dependency and increase waste treatment capacity. The project involved constructing a 45,000 m3 anaerobic digester, the largest in the dairy industry, to treat 27,000 kg/day of organic waste from milk processing into biogas. The €8 million investment generates over 9.1 million kWh of thermal energy annually, providing 6% of the site's steam needs and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by over 1,900 tons per year compared to conventional aerobic treatment. The anaerobic digestion process is more energy efficient and produces less sludge than alternative technologies.
REMOURBAN Information package n2 - District RetrofittingREMOURBAN
This document summarizes energy efficiency retrofitting projects in two districts - Yasam Koyu in Tepebaşı, Turkey and FASA neighbourhood in Valladolid, Spain. In Yasam Koyu, retrofitting of 17 buildings includes insulation, windows, lighting and ventilation upgrades, and solar panels. A district heating system using biomass, heat pumps and solar will replace gas and AC. In FASA, 19 buildings will undergo insulation, lighting upgrades and solar panels on a 14 floor building. Both projects aim to reduce energy consumption and emissions through building and district system improvements. Progress updates indicate work is ongoing in Yasam Koyu and several buildings are complete in FASA. Lessons learned
Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings for the FutureEMEX
NG Bailey, the UK’s largest independent engineering, IT and facilities services business, has worked in partnership with Land Securities to deliver an energy reduction scheme, which resulted in a nine per cent fall in energy use at a number of key London sites – including 80-100 Victoria and New Street Square. The scheme will now be rolled out across a number of other properties in the Land Securities portfolio.
URH2 Metal Hydride Low Pressure Fuel Cells and Bio Reforming 4Ray Gwin
This document discusses URH2's total solution for fuel cells and renewable hydrogen generation. It describes URH2's proprietary metal hydride storage technology using low-pressure canisters, which provides cost advantages over high-pressure hydrogen storage. The document also outlines URH2's bio-reforming process that produces hydrogen from renewable fuels like biogas at costs below $5/kg, providing a renewable alternative to natural gas steam methane reforming. Finally, it mentions URH2's backup fuel cell power systems that can run on the hydride hydrogen canisters and work with the bio-reforming systems to provide packaged power solutions.
Pradeep Kumar Ray has over 23 years of experience in mechanical engineering and project management roles in the construction industry. He is currently the In Charge of the Central Workshop in Gurgaon. Previously he has held roles such as Senior DGM, Chief Manager, Project Manager and Engineer for several construction and engineering companies in India and overseas. He has extensive experience managing plant and machinery operations on highway and infrastructure projects.
This document advertises a database of medical provider information that can be obtained through emailing reach2ry@gmail.com. The database contains details like name, specialty, location, hospital affiliation, insurance accepted, and contact information for various types of medical providers across the United States. Services offered include web scraping, data cleaning and processing to build targeted lists for telemarketing and other business purposes.
In this edition, we will be looking at the changes in environmental legislation, in particular the UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme and how it impacts the built environment.
Data centres have gone through many changes over time and we will be looking at the current trend of providing energy to data centres. Finally we will be looking into how intelligent building design is being utilised within the residential sector to
create unique technological living spaces.
For more information please contact Hurley Palmer Flatt http://www.hurleypalmerflatt.com/
Shorter commercial office leases are becoming more common in the UK, averaging less than 10 years now compared to over 25 years traditionally. This requires buildings to be designed with more flexible layouts and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems that can be easily adapted to changing tenant needs over shorter lease periods. Key aspects of flexible building design include variable air and water distribution systems, separate tenant and landlord utilities connections, extra capacity in risers, and electronic monitoring and control of building systems to allow adjustments with minimal disruption.
A man spent $1 million on lottery tickets due to his gambling addiction. Video footage shows him discussing his addiction and losses. Editing techniques like cuts were used to transition between locations and remove unwanted background elements. Sad music was included to make viewers feel empathy for the man. Close-ups of his wedding ring were intended to suggest his addiction negatively impacted his family life.
This document discusses issues related to housing and homelessness in Oxfordshire. It notes that the county has a severe shortage of affordable housing, with average house prices being 16 times the local annual income. Around 7,000 people live in unsuitable housing and there are rising numbers of homeless households and people sleeping rough. The lack of affordable housing is negatively impacting communities and contributing to other social problems. The document analyzes the housing crisis in Oxfordshire and argues it should be a priority issue to address.
This document summarizes a software solution that allows companies to upload sales order data from Excel files into Tally.ERP9 accounting software. The customized solution reads data for items, quantities, prices, and customers from the Excel file. It then uses this information to automatically select the correct sales and tax ledgers for each item based on rules for local, inter-state, and export sales defined in the Tally item and customer masters. This allows bare minimum sales order information received from customers to be easily uploaded and processed in Tally without manual data entry.
VIT University has installed several solar, biomass, biogas, and electric vehicle power systems on its campus to generate renewable energy. A 8.25 kW solar PV system installed in 2003 generates 260,000 units of power per month on average. A 500 kW solar PV system installed in 2015 produces 2200 units per day. A 90 kW biomass gasification plant uses 1.8 tons of biomass per day to generate 1500 units of power. A 300 cubic meter biogas plant uses sludge from the wastewater treatment plant to run a 40 kVA biogas engine. CO2 Research Center has developed a hybrid electric vehicle that runs partially on carbon dioxide to help reduce CO2 emissions.
UTILISING CAPTURED CO₂ TO PRODUCE RENEWABLE METHANEiQHub
Electrochaea has developed a 2-step system to convert carbon dioxide and renewable hydrogen into methane using proprietary archaea biocatalysts. The system is scalable and can utilize various carbon dioxide sources like industrial emissions or landfill gas. The archaea convert every molecule of carbon dioxide into methane without using fossil fuels. Electrochaea has successfully piloted the technology at scales up to 50 Nm3/h and is working to further commercialize the system to provide renewable energy storage and carbon reuse through methane injection into gas pipelines. A 100 MWe plant could mitigate emissions equivalent to 5.9 million trees annually and power the equivalent of 4,000 natural gas vehicles.
UTILISING CAPTURED CO₂ TO PRODUCE RENEWABLE METHANEiQHub
Electrochaea has developed a 2-step system to convert carbon dioxide and renewable hydrogen into methane using proprietary archaea biocatalysts. The system is scalable and can utilize various carbon dioxide sources like industrial emissions or landfill gas. The archaea convert every molecule of carbon dioxide into methane without using fossil fuels. Electrochaea has successfully piloted the technology at scales up to 50 Nm3/h and is working to further commercialize the system to provide renewable energy storage and carbon reuse through methane injection into gas pipelines. A 100 MWe plant could mitigate emissions equivalent to 5.9 million trees annually and power the equivalent of 4,000 natural gas vehicles.
waste to energy by direct carbon fuel cellsSABARINATH C D
The document discusses India's climate pledge made at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, including targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 33-35% by 2030 and increase renewable energy capacity. It also summarizes the types, advantages, and applications of direct carbon fuel cells, which are well-suited for Indian conditions due to their ability to operate on various carbon-based fuels. DCFCs produce ultra-clean energy and could utilize India's biogas resources while facilitating distributed energy and carbon capture. The document concludes that fuel cells represent an economically and environmentally beneficial stationary power solution for India.
The document discusses India's climate pledge made at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, including targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 33-35% by 2030 and increase renewable energy capacity. It also summarizes the types, advantages, and applications of direct carbon fuel cells, which are well-suited for Indian conditions due to their ability to operate on various carbon-based fuels. DCFCs produce ultra-clean energy and could utilize India's biogas resources while facilitating distributed energy and carbon capture. The document concludes that fuel cells represent an economically and environmentally beneficial stationary power solution for India.
The document discusses India's climate pledge made at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, including targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 33-35% by 2030 and increase renewable energy capacity. It also summarizes the types, advantages, and applications of direct carbon fuel cells, which are well-suited for Indian conditions due to their ability to operate on various carbon-based fuels including coal and biomass. DCFCs produce very low emissions and could provide a cost-effective solution for power generation while utilizing waste biomass in India.
The Bionic waste treatment systems Microfuel and Bio-Elite Fertilizer come together in an integrated waste management concept. The presentation shows how an unusual high level of energy and nutrient recovery from waste can be achieved.
www.bionic-world.net
English Version, August 2012
Center For Community Renewal Hybrid Alternative Energy SystemKim Mitchell
The Center for Community Renewal (CCR) is developing a hybrid alternative energy system for its 270,000 square foot facility in Shreveport, Louisiana. The system will utilize geothermal heat pumps, solar photovoltaics, and wind turbines to generate on-site power and reduce energy demands. Advances in technologies like variable speed generators, thin film solar, and geothermal heat pumps allow alternative energy sources to be deployed effectively in the regional climate. The CCR aims to be carbon neutral and generate more energy than it uses through this hybrid system, demonstrating the feasibility of distributed renewable energy generation.
This document proposes several clean energy solutions related to wastewater treatment and agriculture. One solution involves extracting cellulose from sewers to produce pellets for fuel and plastics. This would provide additional feedstock for gasification and CHP at wastewater treatment plants. Another proposes a nutrient management solution to extract phosphorus and nitrogen from water treatment for blended fertilizers. A third involves an animal feed mill that can process grains into animal feed and enriched flour for food programs and farms.
1) The document discusses a process called CPD that converts refuse-derived fuel (RDF) into diesel fuel through thermal decomposition and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
2) The CPD process offers benefits like increased energy storage and usability of the fuel produced, as well as reducing emissions compared to other waste disposal methods.
3) Testing has shown the fuel produced from RDF using the CPD process can be used successfully in diesel engines without issues.
HyEnergy is an Indian company that develops renewable hydrogen fuel and generation technologies to meet the growing demand for clean energy. Their "Hydrogen on Demand" technology uses electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water, powered by batteries or electricity. This can provide fuel savings of up to 40% and reduce harmful emissions by up to 70%. HyEnergy's vision is to develop this technology on a commercial scale for portable power generation and a variety of industrial and transportation applications. They are currently seeking $525,000 in funding to complete systems development, obtain approvals, set up manufacturing, and establish sales and distribution networks in the first phase of their work.
Algae.Tec is an advanced biofuels company focused on commercializing technology that produces algae to manufacture sustainable fuels such as bio diesel and green jet fuel.
Practical Implementation Of Renewable Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Installations in t...guest083950
Paper presented at the conference Detail Design in Architecture 8 at University of Wales Institute Cardiff, on the 4th September 2009.
Authors: Gavin D. J. Harper & Ross Gazey
The document proposes developing a 2MW biomass gasification power plant in Greater Tzaneen Municipality, South Africa. It would utilize waste woodchips from a local sawmill as fuel. The plant would cost $33 million to build and create 17 permanent jobs. It would sell 400kW of power to the sawmill and 1.6MW to the grid under a power purchase agreement. Financial modeling shows the plant would break even in year 3 and achieve a 19.43% internal rate of return. The project timelines include obtaining fuel supply and power agreements through 2022, with construction and commissioning expected to be complete in late 2022 or early 2023.
IRJET - Modulated Power Output by Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source ba...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses a hybrid renewable energy system that combines solar PV, wind, and biogas sources to generate power.
2. It provides an overview of each component, including descriptions of how solar PV cells and wind turbines work to generate electricity, and how biogas is produced from organic matter and can be used to run generators.
3. The document presents simulations of the hybrid system in MATLAB Simulink software, showing the integration and output of the solar, wind, and biogas sources to power electrical loads and charge battery banks.
University of Waterloo Winning Design- Hydrogen Student Design Contestttcorp
This document proposes the design of a renewable energy microgrid in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada to power a small community. The microgrid would use wind and solar power supported by a hydrogen production, storage, and fuel cell system. An economic model is developed to determine the optimal design configuration. Key components of the design include an 8 MW wind farm, 8,000 sqm of solar panels, electrolyzers to produce hydrogen from water, hydrogen storage tanks, fuel cells to provide backup power, and facilities for refueling 100 forklifts and 38 fuel cell vehicles. The design is estimated to cost $40 million Canadian dollars to implement but could be economically feasible through the sale of excess hydrogen and power generation. A safety, regulatory
This document provides an overview of major carbon capture technologies, including post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxy-combustion. It discusses the technology readiness levels of different approaches, advantages and challenges of each type of capture, and the need for large-scale commercial demonstrations of integrated carbon capture and storage technologies. Key points covered include a description of different capture technologies, the importance of improving power plant efficiency to reduce carbon emissions, current status of different technologies in terms of readiness levels, and factors important for commercial deployment of carbon capture systems.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a Japanese industrial group that manufactures energy, industrial, and transportation products. It has been in operation since 1884. The presentation discusses MHI's long-term vision of achieving carbon neutrality through energy transition technologies in energy supply like hydrogen and smart infrastructure technologies in energy use. It provides examples of MHI's key products and solutions that support this vision, such as hydrogen and CCUS technologies, nuclear reactors, gas turbines, and industrial equipment. The presentation concludes with an overview of MHI's global operations and financial highlights from fiscal year 2021.
Energy Capital - Tyseley Energy Park - ProspectusGavin Harper
The document describes plans for the Tyseley Energy Park in Birmingham, UK. It will bring together different energy technologies and vectors to serve as an energy and waste hub for the city. These include liquid air storage, natural gas, hydrogen, solar, wind, biomass, anaerobic digestion, and district heating networks. The goal is to demonstrate innovative industrial synergy and help local businesses transition to more sustainable energy solutions.
From Mills to Refineries - The Evolution of BiorefiningNNFCC
This presentation was given at the 2nd BBNet Conference: “Green Futures” What’s next for biorefineries?
The presentation considers the concept of biorefining and the origin of biorefineries. How renewable energy is increasingly being integrated into biorefinery operation is discussed and the consideration of carbon dioxide as feedstock for chemicals and fuel production.
Similar to Hurley Palmer Flatt - Critical Thinking Magazine 2016 (20)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
2. 2 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 3
Contents
74
9 11
4 Case Study: AECC Energy Centre
7 Countdown To ESOS
9 Fault Tolerant MEP Infrastructure
11 Designing For Flexible Spaces
In this issue of
Hurley Palmer Flatt Client Services
Director, Dr David Telford, discusses the
AECC Energy Centre project and how
it showcases the latest in renewable
technologies.
With only a few months to go, Client
Services Director Richard Whitaker,
gives us an update on the Energy
Savings Opportunity Scheme and
discusses the options open to
companies that have not yet taken
action.
Technical Board Director, Wyn Turnbull,
advises on the real difference between
resilience classifications, Tier III and
Tier IV, and how to apply these using a
more holistic approach.
Finally, Executive Director Adrian Gray
comments on the issue of shorter office
leases and how they have directly
affected designing for flexible spaces.
Paul Flatt, Group Chairman and CEO Hurley
Palmer Flatt
(c)HenryBootDevelopmentsLtd
Editor: Dominique Varleigh
Contributors:
Dr David Telford Client Services Director
Richard Whitaker Client Services Director
Wyn Turnbull Technical Director
Adrian Gray Executive Director
Designer: Dominique Varleigh
3. 4 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 5
CASE STUDYCASE STUDYAECC ENERGY CENTRE AECC ENERGY CENTRE
Dr David Telford,
Hurley Palmer Flatt
Client Services
Director, discusses
the AECC Energy
Centre project and
how it showcases the
latest in renewable
technologies.
(c)HenryBootDevelopmentsLtd
CASE STUDY:
AECC Energy
Centre
Hurley Palmer Flatt have
been working with Henry
Boot Developments on the
energy solution for the
new Aberdeen Exhibition
and Conference Centre.
The energy centre will showcase renewable technologies to contribute
to Aberdeen’s position as Europe’s energy capital and will allow the new
AECC to be one of the most sustainable venues of its type in the UK.
The energy centre sits within the masterplan and is an integral part of
a fully integrated approach to sustainability and delivery of the vision.
Given the operational profile of the exhibition and conference venue, the
most sustainable solution is to develop a separate energy centre.
This will meet the annual demand of the AECC, together with the
remainder of the proposed masterplan development and will offer the
potential for additional off-site uses. By connecting the complementary
use profile of these other energy demands the energy centre will deliver
zero operational carbon energy to the AECC.
The energy centre will also be designed as an on-site demonstration
facility, providing a showcase for Aberdeen City and Shire as not only an
oil and gas leader, but a world class centre of excellence for the global
renewable energy industry.
The Energy Centre Concept – A Biogas Based Ecosystem
The energy centre is based on a modular solution to address the changes in seasonal
demand and to provide flexibility for expansion and also to provide a platform for
demonstration plants. The energy ecosystem comprises the two main components.
An on-site Anaerobic Digestion Plant (AD) will take in Aberdeen City food waste,
agricultural waste and purpose grown crops to produce on-site renewable biogas. The
biogas is upgraded to pure Biomethane (equivalent to natural gas).
The gas output from the AD plant will be injected into the main gas grid and will also
feed parts of the on-site Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP). The CCHP facility
will utilise various technologies to produce power, heat, and cooling to the AECC and
the remainder of the buildings on the masterplan site. Combined heat and power
will be generated using Spark Ignition (SI) gas engines coupled to alternators, heat
recovery boilers and static Molten Carbonate Hydrogen fuel cells.
The SI gas engines and Hydrogen fuel cells are capable of running off both
Biomethane and mains grid gas. Excess Biomethane will be reformed to Hydrogen for
transport. Surplus electrical power (generated at night) will be used within an on-site
electrolyser to produce an additional high grade Hydrogen stream for Aberdeen fuel
cell buses.
The annual electrical demand for the AECC is met by the Hydrogen fuel cells. Static
fuel cell technology provides base load power and heat and does not modulate well to
changes in demand.
Molten Carbonate has been selected as these are the most robust for variable
gas quality and can operate at high CO2
carry over. To meet the sharp peaks in
demand for heat, power and cooling associated with an exhibition, the performance
and conference venue additional CHP, in the form of more conventional gas fired
generators, will be provided.
In addition, support for diurnal variation will use both heat and cool stores. These will
be charged up overnight and available to support the power generation plant output
at times of high peak demand. In addition, technologies for storing excess overnight
electricity will be demonstrated on-site. Both high grade Hydrogen production and
power batteries (in the1-2MWhr scale) may be used.
The Hydrogen and Internal Combustion (IC) IC CHP units will be modular and capable
of running on either grid gas or Biomethane to provide flexibility and resilience. While
the thermal and electricity storage technologies will allow the site to use more of the
renewable energy directly.
When sizing CHP plants, it is fundamental to ensure that 100 percent of its outputs
(both electrical and thermal) are used. A detailed analysis of the outline design using
advanced thermal modelling will be carried out to accurately predict the thermal and
electrical load profiles of each building over annual, monthly and daily periods.
A demand side response model will be constructed to optimise the modular plant
sizes. A particular feature of the proposed development is that the district heating and
cooling systems need to be more efficient, intelligent and cheaper.
It is necessary to develop and deploy intelligent systems using smart metering and
control solutions for optimisation and consumer empowerment and exploiting multiple
energy resources. This includes waste heat recovery, heat pumps, thermal storage,
cogeneration and renewable energy integration, and to roll-out solutions for the
integration of intelligent thermal network with smart electricity grids.
The plant mix will balance the heat and power demands across the wider development
at the scale required. As the individual building designs develop with the aim of
minimising primary energy demand, plant selection and sizing will be an iterative
process as building designs are finalised. Additional modules can be added at a later
date to provide energy for the wider area, if required.
4. 6 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 7
Anaerobic Digestion. AD is a process in which
micro-organisms break down biodegradable material in
the absence of Oxygen. It takes place in sealed vessels,
which exclude air and is quite a different process to
composting, which needs air fed through it. The primary
purpose of AD is to produce the Methane rich biogas.
This can be utilised directly or purified and upgraded to
Biomethane as a renewable replacement for natural gas.
Gas upgrading technology. The raw biogas which is
produced in the AD process contains 60 percent Methane
and approximately 40 percent CO2
. In order to inject the
Biomethane into the grid, the CO2
must be removed. CO2
capture technology will be used to harness this for use in
the Commercial/Industrial market.
A typical use for this type of bottled CO2
is in fire
extinguishers. The net effect of installing the CO2
capture
facility on overall emissions is that the energy centre will
become Carbon negative making the AECC one of the first
Carbon negative conference facilities in the world.
AD plant logistics. A particular challenge here is to
separate the logistics so that the clean odour free
operations are conducted on-site with off-site support
for the fuel preparation and transport. Loading the plant
will entail taking prepared waste materials and energy
crops from off-site to the sealed on-site reception hall for
loading into the AD plant. This is done in the negative
pressure reception building. Delivery of feedstock will be
from either tankers or bulk haulage lorries. Digestate will
be removed by tankers as organic fertiliser and returned
to the farms. All feedstock will be stored and handled in a
controlled environment. There will be no open air storage
at the AECC site.
Digestate storage and treatment digestate. This is the
material remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a
biodegradable feedstock. The primary use of digestate
is as a soil conditioner and organic fertiliser. Most of the
nutrients in the original feedstock remain in the digestate
as does the fibrous matrerial. Digestate contains Nitrogen,
Phosphate and Potassium in a form that is readily
available for crop uptake and the fibre is a valuable soil
conditioner. This reduces reliance on other industrially
produced fertilisers. Growth trials on digestate, originating
from mixed waste, have shown healthy growth results for
crops.
While digestate is technically not compost, it is similar
in physical and chemical characteristics. Digestate will
be removed by tanker and spread on the land which the
feedstock has come from. Use of crops co-digested with
food waste is sustainable from a land-use perspective and
can be shown to be a prudent use of resources.
ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME ESOS
AECC ENERGY CENTRE OVERVIEW
AECC FOUR PIPE DISTRICT
HEATING & COOLING NETWORK
ELECTRICITY TO &
FROM GRID
GRID GAS
CONNECTION
FERTILISER
AGRI &
FOOD WASTE
BIOMETHANE
PRODUCTION
CCHP POWER GENERATION
BUILDING
POWER
HEAT
COOLING
ANAEROBIC (AD)
BUILDING
EXCESS HYDROGEN
FOR TRANSPORT
Inside the Combined Cooling
Heating and Power (CCHP)
Building CHP Bulk
Gas Fired CHP Units
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Absorption Chillers
Electric Chillers
Gas Boilers
Back-Up Diesel Generation
Hot Water Store
Ice Store
Company obligations for compliance with ESOS have
been very well publicised this year, but with the deadline
date of the 5 December looming, the Environment
Agency (EA) have made the decision to provide some
saving grace to companies that are at risk of missing this
deadline.
The EA have announced that companies have until the
29 January 2016 to make their ESOS submittals without
penalty.
This is as long as organisations advise the EA of their
participation by the 5 December, along with the reasons
why they are unable to comply. Any company that should
be part of ESOS and fail to do this will risk the penalties
imposed by the EA.
For organisations committing to achieving compliance
through ISO 50001 certification, enforcement action will
not normally be taken as long as notification is received
by 30 June 2016.
It may be the case that some are underestimating its
significance and putting it off; though with the risk of
critically misjudging how strictly the EA will impose
penalties for not undertaking the necessary energy audits
in time.
There is no doubt that the EA is taking this very seriously,
and the agency knows exactly who the 6,000 or so
affected companies are.
As a general principle, it is reasonable to assume that
the fines will outweigh the fees, though the burden of
fines will only be the tip of the iceberg when it comes
to the reputational risks involved with non-compliant
organisations being listed on the EA website.
Non-compliant organisations who have adopted ISO
14001 will also be in breach of this. Businesses which
fail to comply with ESOS could be fined up to £50,000,
plus an additional £500 a day, every day the audit
remains outstanding.
Countdown To ESOS
With a few months to go,
what options are left?
The UK’s Energy Savings
Opportunity Scheme (ESOS) is
a mandatory energy assessment
and energy saving identification
scheme for large undertakings
(and their corporate groups).
The scheme applies throughout
the UK.
Richard Whitaker,
Hurley Palmer Flatt
Client Services
Director, gives
us an update
on ESOS and
identifies the
options left with
only three months
to go.
AECC ENERGY CENTRE CASE STUDY
(c) Henry Boot Developments Ltd
5. 8 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 9
There are several routes to ensuring compliance, though each applies a different life cycle cost model
accounting for varying timescales and budgets.
Every option requires a calculation of total energy consumption by an organisation, including buildings,
transport and industrial processes (if applicable), then the need to identify the areas where there is
significant energy consumption, and the best route to take may be different in each case.
The three main options open to most organisations currently include the recommended ESOS Energy audit,
the DEC (Display Energy Certificates) path, as well as the ISO 50001 approach, although companies already
covered by the latter will not need to carry out an ESOS assessment.
However, bluntly speaking, the requirements for an ISO 50001 energy management system probably means
it is now off the table for most organisations, unless this can be fully implemented prior to the 30 June
2016 deadline. This may be achievable for smaller organisations, but for larger corporates, this time scale
may present a challenge.
As such, the two main qualifying assessments open to organisations are either a full ESOS audit or the lower
cost and lower detail DEC option.
The completion of a full ESOS assessment is perhaps the most comprehensive and involved option,
providing detailed information on energy efficiency initiatives and investment grade proposals for their
implementation. This route to compliance will also allow sampling of buildings within an estate, allowing
companies the opportunity to target critical buildings in their portfolio. A lead assessor then needs to be
appointed – and organisations should be cautious about who is selected for this role, ensuring they fully
meet the requirements of ESOS and the EA (including being a member of an approved register).
Although the notification of compliance has now been extended to 29 January 2016, subject to informing
the EA of participation by the 5 December 2015. The same submission requirements are in place with the
requirements for the production of an evidence pack and an online submission underwritten by a board
director and lead ESOS assessor.
This may seem straightforward, but it involves a significant investment in time and resource in order to
complete it accurately, and companies really should be commencing this process as soon as possible.
Finally, the DEC route to compliance is perhaps the lower cost option, replying on less detailed energy
certification. No sampling is allowed on this route and all buildings in a portfolio will need to have a DEC
certificate to achieve compliance. DEC certificates have been approved to count towards ESOS compliance.
However, only buildings holding a valid DEC certificate (and accompanying recommendation report) can be
regarded as compliant with ESOS.
The most important thing is that companies begin to take action now. Failure to comply will result in all
manner of actions, and least of all will be the often significant fines. The potential loss of ISO accreditation
and the much publicised public naming and shaming will be an even bigger concern. No large organisation
will want to be associated with not complying with such an important
environmental matter.
Hurley Palmer Flatt have developed a specialist ESOS service to
provide a structured approach to compliance. To find out more, please
contact Richard Whitaker at richard.whitaker@hurleypalmerflatt.com
I am a large
undertaking
and
I am in ESOS
I am a large
undertaking
and
I am in ESOS
I am in ESOS
Do I employ 250
or
more employees
Am I part of
a group of
undertakings?
Does the group
of
undertakings
include one
or more large
undertakings/
establishments in
the UK?
Is my turnover in
excess of
€50m/£38,937,777?
AND
Is my balance sheet
total in excess of
€43m/£33,486,489?
Am I registered/based in the UK or a UK
establishment?
ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEMEESOS ESOS
As we count down towards the deadline, what are the options open to
companies that have not yet taken action?
6. 10 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 11
As a means of determining the resilience of engineering
infrastructure that supports Information and
Communications Technology (ICT), the mission critical
engineering services industry, to a greater degree, makes
reference to the Uptime Institute’s (UTI) Tier classification.
The commonly used terms for the UTI Tier III and Tier IV
classifications are ‘concurrently maintainable’ and ‘fault
tolerant’, respectively. The former term, ‘concurrently
maintainable’, tends to be more widely understood, though
detailed examination by the UTI during accreditation
exercises reveal nuances that are relatively easy to
comprehend. The latter term, ‘fault tolerant’, is not always
so well understood, for which this article explores and will
attempt to remove some of the myths.
UTI Tier classification development.
The terms ‘concurrently maintainable’ and ‘fault tolerant’
originate from within the ICT industry. They were adopted
by the UTI during the development of its Tier classification
which dates back to 1995, and even further back to IBM’s
classifications of levels one to four in the 1980s.
Interestingly, performing a Google search using the words
‘fault tolerant’ provides results that are solely ICT related
and do not refer to the Uptime Institute for at least the first
five pages. Whether this changes after the first five pages
was not investigated.
Most practitioners within the engineering aspect of the ICT
mission critical environment will be familiar with the UTI’s
publication: ‘Tier Classifications Define Site Infrastructure
Performance.’, originally issued as a white paper in 1996
with revisions in 2001 and 2006. This document was
eventually withdrawn and superseded by ‘Data Center Site
Infrastructure Tier Standard: Topology.’ in 2010; with a
subsequent revision in 2012.
Other similar, possibly competing documents include
the American organisation TIA with their TIA 942 which
was first published in 2005, originally concentrating on
ICT principles for resilience. Also included is the more
recent European based specification BS EN 50600
entitled, ‘Information Technology - Data centre facilities
and infrastructures.’, again with a starting point of
looking at ICT systems and progressing to MEP systems.
2N OR NOT 2N? THAT IS THE QUESTIONFAULT TOLERANT MEP INFRASTRUCTURE
Wyn Turnbull,
Technical Director,
advises on the
real difference
between resilience
classifications,
Tier III and Tier IV,
and how to apply
these using a more
holistic approach.
Fault Tolerant MEP
Infrastructure
2N or not 2N?
That is the question.
Unsurprisingly, these documents do not always align
and their scope varies depending upon interest – regular
revision every couple of years serve to confuse the
practitioner and the market!
While the UTI did not include cooling system block
schematics within their publications, the electrical block
schematics that existed within the original white paper
were removed when this document was superseded by the
new standard in 2010.
It may be considered that omission of the electrical block
schematics removed clarification of the Tier Classification
requirements. In fact, the opposite is true. Designers
and reviewers would often make reference to the block
schematics on the assumption that provided the design
followed the principles of the UTI electrical block
schematics, the system design must therefore be UTI Tier
compliant. Closer examination of the other tier criteria
shows that this is not necessarily a safe assumption.
One of the subtle, but nevertheless important, differences
between the UTI’s original white paper and the 2010 and
2012 standards, is that the latter removed the need for
Tier III infrastructure to have segregated components or
systems; leaving this criterion as a requirement solely for
the Tier IV classification.
The definition of a fault.
The electrical engineering discipline tends to have a
narrow definition of what constitutes a fault. In generic
terms an electrical fault may be considered as being an
event that results in the tripping of a functional device
(e.g. circuit breaker), with the subsequent isolation and
loss of power to part or parts of the electrical system.
In the UTI’s ‘fault tolerant’ term, the word fault has a
much broader meaning. It refers to an abnormal event
within the facility or the failure, and the associated
consequences, of any component or system.
The difference between the restricted electrical definition
and the wider UTI use of the term may be illustrated
in the following example. Consider two electrical
switchboards, which by the nature of their construction,
are within adjacent but separate rooms (fire rated or
not). They each independently form part of two separate
power streams that may not be fault tolerant. From the
electrical aspect, a breaker tripping on one switchboard
may only affect one of the two switchrooms and the
associated power stream. However, the failure of a water
line that passes externally to the two switchrooms may
result in both rooms flooding possibly affecting both
power streams. From an electrical consideration the
arrangement would be considered to be fault tolerant but
the physical adjacency to a common abnormal event may
fail a fault tolerant examination.
Form of segregation.
When Tier IV fault tolerant compliance is assessed the
extent of the component and system segregation becomes
significant in addition to the attributes provided by the
system schematics.
When considering the role of segregation within the UTI
Tier classification, it is important to note that no mention
of the extent of, or lack of, fire segregation is contained
within the UTI Tier documents. The principal reasoning
behind this is to make the UTI documents totally
independent of, and non-reliant upon, the fire codes
across the world.
To satisfy the fault tolerant criteria the method and
form of segregation needs to be able to prevent a fault
(abnormal event) associated with one service stream
affecting the alternative service stream.
The provision of fire suppression is an example of
where the fabric forming a compartmental approach to
segregation need not, from the fault tolerant aspect, have
a specific fire rating.
In the example of abnormal water release the method or
form of segregation has to be sufficient to prevent the
incident affecting the continuance of service.
Commercial considerations.
It is not unusual for the focus to be centred on system
redundancy rather than identifying if the separation of
system components can meet the fault tolerant criteria.
Following the principles of the original UTI block
schematics without consideration of the advantages that
segregation can offer, may not always provide the most
commercially beneficial fault tolerant solution.
As an example, the provision of 2N or even 2 x (N+1)
generation is not an absolute necessity if each generator
set is located within its own compartment; and the
alternator connections to the electrical network are
appropriately arranged. It is therefore feasible for a fault
tolerant generator system to be limited to N+1. This
arrangement becomes a cost benefit analysis between
the cost and space required for the generator sets against
the provision of additional switchgear and the space to
accommodate the required electrical reticulation.
Back to the origins of a fault tolerant system.
With the increasing application of control systems to data
centre engineering infrastructure, there is a need for the
industry to more closely examine how the ICT industry
approaches the question of fault tolerance.
Sometimes the simpler approach may offer a better
solution. This counters the trend towards larger integrated
DCIM systems resulting in centralised rather than
distributed and independent standalone components
or sub-systems. This poses the question of whether two
mirrored Tier I or Tier II data centres will, as a pair, be
fault tolerant and commercially more attractive than one
Tier IV site.
2N OR NOT 2N? THAT IS THE QUESTIONFAULT TOLERANT MEP INFRASTRUCTURE
7. 12 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 13
IMPLICATIONS OF SHORTER LEASESDESIGNING FOR FLEXIBLE SPACES
Traditionally commercial offices in the UK, and
particularly in London, have been designed to be
let on a 25 year basis. Long leases have long been
considered attractive by landlords as it allows the asset
to yield a consistent return over a fixed term, which
makes the building easy to value and trade. Incentives,
such as initial rent free periods have been used to
encourage tenants to sign up long-term.
However, the 25 year lease is peculiar to the UK.
Elsewhere in the world, offices are often let on much
shorter terms, typically closer to ten years in the USA
and Australia and even shorter in Singapore and the
Far East.
In recent years, London has become even more
international and many occupiers are now questioning
the wisdom of committing to long leases. This has
generated some downward pressure on the market
reducing the average length of office leases.
Recent surveys by CBRE and the British Property
Federation have shown that since 2012, the average
lease length has been shortening. Leases over ten
years are now a rare event and make up only six
percent of new leases.
The distribution of lease lengths shows how rare leases
over ten years have become in recent years.
Less than six percent of leases are over ten years in
length now, compared to twice that only five years ago
and more than 20 percent ten years ago.
Designing For
Flexible Spaces
Implications of
shorter leases.
Adrian Gray,
Hurley Palmer Flatt
Executive Director,
comments on the
issue of shorter
office leases and
how they have
directly affected
designing for
flexible spaces.
IMPLICATIONS OF SHORTER LEASESDESIGNING FOR FLEXIBLE SPACES
Managed and serviced offices.
Both managed offices and serviced offices are flexible office space solutions that can be convenient for
companies who do not want or cannot commit to long-term leases. Serviced offices differ from managed offices
in two main aspects. First of all, serviced offices have been built to specification, keeping the needs of modern
businesses in mind. Secondly, rental fees for serviced offices are fully inclusive.
On the other hand, managed offices often consist of vacant space rented out by the company or by the individual
that owns the space. Since the space will not have been necessarily built to be occupied as an office, tenants
may have to invest in things like office furniture and telecommunications. Most managed offices are fitted with
basic amenities like workstation partitions and cabling, and their fees may include office cleaning, but they do
not offer clerical support, dedicated meeting rooms, reception services, and the full range of facilities offered by
serviced offices.
How does this affect how a building is designed?
Shorter leases mean that buildings will be fitted-out more often, whilst staggered leases with multiple tenants
can mean that there are often some tenants
fit-out work being undertaken somewhere in a building.
To take account of this, office buildings now have to be more flexible and many developers are now taking this
into consideration when setting a brief for the design team.
In terms of general arrangement, to facilitate more frequent fit-out work, there should also be adequate access to
the goods lift at ground floor level with a separate route that avoids the reception. The goods lift should also be
adequately sized to allow the transportation of fit-out materials.
This also affects our work as building services engineers as there are many aspects of a buildings flexibility that
depend on the correct approach to the design of services. This generally means that services should be adaptable
and easily modified to suit different room layouts in the least amount of time and with as little disruption as
possible.
8. 14 criticalthinking
IMPLICATIONS OF SHORTER LEASES IMPLICATIONS OF SHORTER LEASESDESIGNING FOR FLEXIBLE SPACES DESIGNING FOR FLEXIBLE SPACES
Risers and plant rooms.
Careful consideration needs to be given to commissioning and how this can be achieved with minimum
disruption in an occupied building.
This can be as simple as ensuring that equipment and valves are easily accessible but can be taken further by
specifying addressable controllers and electronic measuring devices. This allows the flow of air and water to be
adjusted remotely with little or no disruption – other than the periodic calibration of equipment.
Mechanical air services.
Fresh air systems should be designed to
be flexible and this can be achieved by
including variable volume boxes to control
the flow of fresh air to floors and even parts
of floors. Even more control could be afforded
by introducing VAV boxes to control the
flow to zones or batches of fan coil units.
These control devices can be individually
addressable and linked to the BMS to
enable adjustment without the disruption of
accessing tenant’s space.
The central air system should also be capable
of providing a variable volume of air by using
a variable speed drive that is controlled by a
pressure sensor in the fresh air riser.
On the secondary side of the ductwork
system, flexibility can be introduced by using
multi-fan fan coil units, where the individual
fans within the unit each provide air to just
one grille. This provides the ability to vary
the amount of air to each grille by adjusting
fan speeds individually to suit requirements.
It is possible to do this remotely using the
BMS – Individual fans can also be turned off if
necessary.
With careful design it is possible to allow for multiple configurations of offices and meeting rooms within the
same space and to make adaptations without disturbing the ceiling grid.
Mechanical water systems.
The main cooling system should be designed and selected to operate efficiently at lower loads as in a flexible
space building, the requirements will be subject to constant change and part load operation will be more of a
frequent occurrence.
Primary circulation pumps should be capable of providing variable flow so that the flow can be adjusted to meet
the demands of secondary systems.
Tenants secondary water circuits should be separated from landlords systems by a heat exchanger. This will
allow draining, flushing and cleaning of the tenant’s water systems to take place without the disruption of the
landlord’s primary circuits.
Mechanical services above a false ceiling have to be modified to accommodate changes to partition layouts; the
most disruptive part of this work is the cutting of pipe work which requires isolating and draining.
Where offices are designed to be very flexible, it is advisable to fit additional connection points so that further fan
coil units can be added quickly and without too much disruption.
Other important factors are metering and the ability to control systems on a floor by floor basis with the possibility
of further sub-division.
Tenants place space.
The provision of external space for tenants to use and locate plant and equipment also becomes more important.
It is important to carefully consider the potential usage of the building during the design stage; this should form
part of the concept and strategic briefing exercise.
Most occupiers will require resilient cooling for computer rooms.
Electrical systems.
Whenever a tenancy change occurs the building design needs to allow flexibility for a change in layout and this
will occur more often with shorter tenancies. As with the mechanical systems it is important to consider how
equipment can be adjusted and commissioned whilst keeping disruption to a minimum.
The use of intelligent lighting control systems and fittings, including dimming control, allows flexibility for a
change of layout. The use of addressable dimming adds even more flexibility and control.
Fire alarm systems and smoke detectors should be designed to allow the maximum amount of flexibility with
sufficient spare capacity to allow for the incorporation of additional meeting rooms or cellular offices.
Frequent changes of use on floors may lead to a variation in the small power requirements. An efficient way to
provide flexibility for this is to incorporate additional capacity in the electrical risers to allow for varying amounts
to be taken at each floor during the lifetime of the building.
Electrical and water services metering should be installed on a floor by floor basis to allow for future split
tenancy’s.
9. Building Services Engineering | Energy and Sustainability | Building Structures and Surveying | IT and Security Consultancy
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