The document discusses the potential for digital tools and open educational resources (OER) in education, but identifies several barriers that must be addressed. It notes that digital education can enable differentiated instruction and 24/7 learning, but is only effective if combined with classroom instruction. For digital education to be truly democratic, students need equal access to broadband, hardware, and web literacy training. The biggest barriers include affordability, digital literacy, lack of awareness, and inability to use technology. Copyright is also a challenge, but Creative Commons licensing helps by allowing sharing and adaptation of resources across borders and cultures. However, more work is still needed to address issues of policy, standards, and confusion around "open."

1. The Right to Education Realizing the Potential of Digital Tools in Education Esther Wojcicki Chair, Creative Commons A2K4 Yale Law School February 12, 2010

2. A Vision for Digital Education in the US in K12 Digital Tools Enable Curriculum Support for the teacher Online community support for the teacher Technology support in the classroom Dfferentiated instruction Distance learning Online collaborative learning 24/7 opportunity to learn worldwide

3. Is Digital Education cost effective? Yes, provided it is free and open Is it more effective than classroom instruction? No The most effective is digital education + classroom instruction but it is not inexpensive

4. Is Digital Education more democratic? Only If students have equal access to Open Educational Resources Web Literacy Training Broadband Functioning Hardware

5. Five Chief Barriers To Broadband Adoption Nationwide & Worldwide Affordability Hardware Digital technology literacy levels Lack of awareness of relevance and utility of online content & OER Inability to use existing technology Linguistic barriers Accreditation

6. ADDITIONAL CHALLENGES OF Open Education Resources (OER) OER is not a known name Materials hard to find (metadata problem) Uneven quality Not tied to state or national standards

7. Copyright would be a major barrier to digital education if CREATIVE COMMONS licenses were not available. Copyright is not as big an issue as Legal barriers Technological barriers Linguistic barriers Cultural barriers

8. Additional road blocks to digital education in U.S. U.S. telecommunications policy Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) Children’s Online Privacy and Protection Act (COPPA) Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

9. Many schools BLOCK student access to the Internet

10. CENSORSHIP “ All schools that accept eRate money (and I don’t know how many there are) filter , because they are required to in the eRate regulations” Karen Cator, Director for Office of Educational Technology

11. The basis for censorship:

14. Many companies are in the business of censoring the web for schools Even Google , Yahoo , and IE are blocked in many schools

15. ANOTHER MAJOR PROBLEM: CONFUSION ABOUT DEFINITION OF OPEN

16. This is all commercial licensing even though it looks like it is open.

17. This has one tier defined as CC-licensed and two as commercial.)

18. PEOPLE CONFUSE OPEN WITH FREE

19. CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSING HELPS BUT DOES NOT SOLVE ALL THE PROBLEMS

20. CC helps eliminate Linguistic barriers - by allowing translation

21. CC Licenses Improve Technical Access By Allowing reformatting and repackaging, OER can be made available to those with only low bandwidth or small screen access, even if OER was originally developed for high-bandwidth rich-UI users

22. CC helps Cultural barriers By allowing adaptation, OER can be repurposed and made culturally appropriate, even when originally developed for a specific cultural setting

23. CC is tackling legal interoperability issues for OER

24. CC is working on interoperable OER metadata Essential for discovery of resources .

25. A FEW EXAMPLES OF LICENSE USAGE

29. IN 119 COUNTRIES

30. BEGINNING OF THE eTEXTBOOK MOVEMENT

31. A concrete example of effective interoperable metadata

32. Creative Commons licensed downloads started in Feb 2009 with Stanford, Duke, UCtv, Berkeley, UCLA . More resources needed to add more universities. 300+ universities on YouTube.EDU right now.

33. OPEN MEANS HAPPY STUDENTS

34. Your IDEAS welcome to help move OER and CC forward [email_address]