(XIMB) Sustainability - Aluminum Industry

1. Xavier Institute of Management,
Bhubaneswar
Sustainability practices across Industries

2. Presented by
Group – 3
Arnab Mukherjee
Arya Swayamshree
Ashish Parakh
Baidik Chakrabarty
Balijepalli Sandhya
Sustainability Practices in Aluminium Industry

3. • Aluminum is the 3rd most available element on the earth
constituting 7.3% by mass.
• Aluminum is lightweight, strong and highly recyclable.
• The global requirement of aluminum is 7.4 million tons.
• Indian economy has seen a consistent growth of around 8% per
annum.
• India has 10% of the world’s bauxite.
Introduction
47%
28%
8%
17%
Elements
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Others

4. Need for Sustainable Practices
Technological Process
Air emission control, energy
efficiency, dust control and solid
waste minimization and/or
reutilization - critical for accountable
secondary aluminum production
Energy and Resource
Use
Each ton of aluminum metal
consumes 1.9 tons of alumina, 437 kg
of carbon anodes and 15,300 kWh of
electricity
Waste Minimization and
Elimination
Greenhouse gases : carbon dioxide
(CO2) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 
Should minimize large-quantity
process waste
Business Operations
Need for a responsible supply chain
management and product post sales
tracking system
Product End-of-Life
Challenges: incentives for recycling,
implementing “design for recycling”
and instilling an improved
understanding of recycling

5. Non sustainable practices followed by the aluminum
industry
Energy intensive
extraction process
Native vegetation
removed during
extraction
Disposal of bauxite
residue done in
lagoons or dry
stacking
Red sludge is
deposited into
excavated mine pits
where they seep into
aquifers
Coal is heavily used
during smelting
process
Greenhouse gases and
particulate during smelting
Huge amount of electricity is required
to yield the final product

6. Best practices followed by the industry globally
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM:
• Since 1990, the European aluminum industry has reduced its CO2 emissions by more than 50% and
PFCs emissions by 90% with a goal to reduce it by 10% more
• Energy efficiency is a driver of competitiveness in this sector, as electricity accounts for up to 40% of
the costs of primary smelters
• Ongoing investments in safety, prevention and training programmers delivered a 79% reduction in
Total Recordable Incident rate

7. Australian Aluminium Company
• They focus sustainable business model that allows Aluminum Industries to deliver efficient and high
quality and value-added products and services today and in the future
• Their impact on the environment and on Australia factor into all of their product development and
capacity planning has been developed
Hindalco’s blueprint for sustainability
• Sustainability is at the very core of Hindalco’s operations
• They follow a holistic approach to sustainability by sustainable mining practices, conservation,
energy, safety practices, recycling, environment-friendly disposal of industrial wastes, socio-
economic development of the communities around us and empowerment of the employees

8. Mining of
Bauxite
•Displacement of the lumber and soil and later use the organic rich soil for reforestation
•Establishing flora and fauna in the company owned land
•The lease for mining can be sanctioned only after approving the rehabilitation techniques employed by the firm
Production
Process
• Using Regenerative Thermal Oxides, which can destroy PAH compounds released and make the process more
sustainable
• Sophisticated water treatment plants so that water wastage can be reduced and recycling of water can be promoted
Greenhouse
Footprint
• Redesigning the machinery to reduce greenhouse gases emission like improved electrolytes, thinner anode butts etc.
• Improving feeding and dissolution of Alumina
• Employing greener materials as anodes
Waste
Management
• The carbon part of SPL(spent potlining) is hazardous, thus it can be used as an energy source in cement industry
• SPL can also be used in steel and insulation materials’ production
• SPL can be used in cement industry as a raw material and alternative fuel
Practices that need to be followed in India

9. Best sustainable practices followed by Rio Tinto
• RTA zero harm by choice environment
“We choose as individuals and teams to support
each other to create a workplace free of health,
safety and environmental incidents.”
• RTA have set the world benchmark in air emissions
• Reduced environmental footprint and reuse of
impacted site (Brownfield)
• Sixty-seven per cent of all electricity used by Rio
Tinto is derived from renewable sources including
hydropower, wind and solar.
• Rio Tinto is using a solar photovoltaic (PV) array to
lessen diesel usage at their Australian facility’s
power stations
• It signed the Paris Pledge for action against climate
change.

10. Best sustainable practices followed by Rio Tinto
• Strong Environment repositioning provides credibility and thrust from external stakeholders. Rio Tinto
invested 68 million USD in sites in Canada for “Zero Spill Initiative”
• Rio Tinto’s proprietary AP TechnologyTM , perfected over 30 years, is recognized today as the cleanest way to
produce aluminum
• It drives down electricity consumption, reduces atmospheric emissions, including greenhouse gases, and
enables producers to recycle waste streams internally

11. • Aluminium is a highly recyclable metal
• 95% of Al is recyclable and 70% of the metal produced is still in use
• Thus, government can take more stringent steps in establishing sustainable practices in the
production process of Aluminium.
• This will make Aluminium more welcoming and effective industry in improving the overall global
footprint towards sustainability
Conclusion

12. Thanks!

13. • www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/Aluminum_The_Element_of_Sustainability.pdf
• www.european-aluminium.eu/policy-areas/sustainability/
• www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687404814000200
• www.riotinto.com/aluminium-83.aspx
• Green, John AS. Aluminum recycling and processing for energy conservation and
sustainability. ASM International, 2007.
• Liu, Gang, and Daniel B. Müller. "Addressing sustainability in the aluminum industry: a
critical review of life cycle assessments." Journal of Cleaner Production 35 (2012): 108-117.
• Callen, Mr Tim, and Mr Paul Cashin. Assessing external sustainability in India. No. 99-181.
International Monetary Fund, 1999.
• Balomenos, Efthymios, Dimitrios Panias, and Ioannis Paspaliaris. "Energy and exergy
analysis of the primary aluminum production processes: a review on current and future
sustainability." Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy Review 32.2 (2011): 69-89.
References