This document discusses wound care and healing over multiple pages. It covers the wound healing process, different types of wounds and wound healing, methods of hemostasis including chemical, mechanical, and thermal methods like diathermy. It also discusses factors that influence wound healing and choices of suture materials based on wound and patient characteristics. Proper hand hygiene for wound care is also emphasized.
WOUND HEALING AND CARE. THIS IS WOUND HEALING NOTES.txSamoeiJK
This document summarizes the phases of wound healing and factors that affect it. It discusses the four phases of wound healing: coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. The inflammation phase occurs from the time of wound formation up to 4-6 days and is characterized by the classical signs of inflammation. Proliferation occurs around the 7th day for 6 weeks and involves fibroblast, epithelial and endothelial proliferation and collagen synthesis. Maturation can extend for up to one year and involves equilibrium between protein synthesis and degradation. Local and systemic factors can affect wound healing, such as ischemia, infection, diabetes and malnutrition. The document also discusses different types of wound closure and healing.
The document defines wounds and describes the phases and processes of wound healing. It classifies wounds as open or closed and discusses various types of open wounds like incised, lacerated, and penetrating wounds. It also outlines the cells and factors involved in wound healing, potential complications, and treatments for different wound types like surgical/aseptic wounds, contaminated wounds, and accidental traumatic wounds. Treatments include cleaning, debridement, drainage, antibiotics, and closure techniques. Abscesses and hematomas are also discussed.
The document defines wounds and describes the phases and processes of wound healing. It classifies wounds as open or closed and discusses various types of open wounds like incised, lacerated, and penetrating wounds. It also outlines the cells and factors involved in wound healing, potential complications, and treatments for different wound types like surgical/aseptic wounds, contaminated wounds, and accidental traumatic wounds. Treatments include cleaning, debridement, drainage, antibiotics, and closure techniques. Abscesses and hematomas are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of skin anatomy, wound classification, and wound management. It discusses the objectives of understanding wound care, outlines different topics to be covered including wound healing process and complications. The document defines wounds and classifies them by mechanism of injury, depth and degree of contamination. It describes the three phases of wound healing and different types of healing. Key steps of wound assessment and factors affecting healing are highlighted. Common wound dressings and their properties/indications are also summarized.
this a basic presentation which I got inspired to do after seeing some presentations made on slideshare. It basically covers types of wounds,wound healing process,factors affecting wound healing and wound care.
This document discusses wound classification and management. It defines a wound and classifies wounds into different types such as abrasions, contusions, lacerations, gunshot wounds, and more. It also discusses wound healing processes and factors that affect healing. Treatment approaches are provided for surgical wounds, contaminated wounds, infected wounds and maggot wounds. Skin grafting is also summarized as a treatment approach for large wounds.
This contains wound and wound dressing,classification of wound,
signs and symptoms of wound
Diagnostic evaluation od wound
Wound healing process,
Factors affecting wound healing
Complication of wound
Wound Dressing
Types of dressing
Articles need in wound dreassing
WOUND HEALING AND CARE. THIS IS WOUND HEALING NOTES.txSamoeiJK
This document summarizes the phases of wound healing and factors that affect it. It discusses the four phases of wound healing: coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. The inflammation phase occurs from the time of wound formation up to 4-6 days and is characterized by the classical signs of inflammation. Proliferation occurs around the 7th day for 6 weeks and involves fibroblast, epithelial and endothelial proliferation and collagen synthesis. Maturation can extend for up to one year and involves equilibrium between protein synthesis and degradation. Local and systemic factors can affect wound healing, such as ischemia, infection, diabetes and malnutrition. The document also discusses different types of wound closure and healing.
The document defines wounds and describes the phases and processes of wound healing. It classifies wounds as open or closed and discusses various types of open wounds like incised, lacerated, and penetrating wounds. It also outlines the cells and factors involved in wound healing, potential complications, and treatments for different wound types like surgical/aseptic wounds, contaminated wounds, and accidental traumatic wounds. Treatments include cleaning, debridement, drainage, antibiotics, and closure techniques. Abscesses and hematomas are also discussed.
The document defines wounds and describes the phases and processes of wound healing. It classifies wounds as open or closed and discusses various types of open wounds like incised, lacerated, and penetrating wounds. It also outlines the cells and factors involved in wound healing, potential complications, and treatments for different wound types like surgical/aseptic wounds, contaminated wounds, and accidental traumatic wounds. Treatments include cleaning, debridement, drainage, antibiotics, and closure techniques. Abscesses and hematomas are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of skin anatomy, wound classification, and wound management. It discusses the objectives of understanding wound care, outlines different topics to be covered including wound healing process and complications. The document defines wounds and classifies them by mechanism of injury, depth and degree of contamination. It describes the three phases of wound healing and different types of healing. Key steps of wound assessment and factors affecting healing are highlighted. Common wound dressings and their properties/indications are also summarized.
this a basic presentation which I got inspired to do after seeing some presentations made on slideshare. It basically covers types of wounds,wound healing process,factors affecting wound healing and wound care.
This document discusses wound classification and management. It defines a wound and classifies wounds into different types such as abrasions, contusions, lacerations, gunshot wounds, and more. It also discusses wound healing processes and factors that affect healing. Treatment approaches are provided for surgical wounds, contaminated wounds, infected wounds and maggot wounds. Skin grafting is also summarized as a treatment approach for large wounds.
This contains wound and wound dressing,classification of wound,
signs and symptoms of wound
Diagnostic evaluation od wound
Wound healing process,
Factors affecting wound healing
Complication of wound
Wound Dressing
Types of dressing
Articles need in wound dreassing
The document discusses types and management of wounds. It describes different types of wounds based on duration (acute or chronic), object causing the wound (open or closed), and penetration (penetrating or non-penetrating). It also outlines the four phases of wound healing - inflammation, debridement, repair, and maturation. Finally, it provides guidance on managing open and closed wounds, including cleaning, debridement, drainage, closure techniques, and bandaging.
Wound healing and sterilization for MBBS students vaibhav trivedi
The document discusses wound healing and the factors that affect it. It begins by defining wounds and classifying them as open or closed. It then describes the phases of wound healing - inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Key events in each phase like hemostasis, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and wound contraction are explained. Finally, it lists and describes various internal and external factors that can positively or negatively influence the wound healing process, such as nutrition, infection, hypoxia, steroids, and radiation.
1) The document discusses various techniques for proper wound handling and suturing to promote healing, including minimizing trauma, keeping tissue moist, and removing dead space.
2) It describes the three phases of wound healing - inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation - and notes goals for each phase like cleaning debris and increasing tensile strength.
3) Different suturing techniques are outlined like simple interrupted, horizontal mattress, and continuous patterns as well as considerations for suture type, size, and knot tying.
Wound Healing and Suture Knowledge-Kim_Bayer.pptPuiteaChhangte
1) The document discusses various techniques for proper wound handling and suturing to promote healing, including minimizing trauma, keeping tissue moist, and removing dead space.
2) It describes the three phases of wound healing - inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation - and notes goals for each phase like cleaning debris and increasing tensile strength.
3) Different suturing techniques are outlined like simple interrupted, horizontal mattress, and continuous patterns as well as considerations for suture type, size, and knot tying.
Wound healing involves three phases - inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. Factors like wound classification, morphology, and healing intention (primary vs secondary) determine the healing process. General factors like nutrition, immunity, and associated diseases as well as local factors like site, contamination, and tension affect wound healing. Complications include infection, breakdown, hernia, and abnormal scarring. The principles of wound management are to clean contaminated wounds and close primarily when possible to promote rapid healing with minimal scarring.
1. The document defines a wound and provides a detailed overview of wound classification, etiology, healing phases, and management.
2. Wounds are classified according to etiology, Rank-Wakefield system, duration, integrity of skin, depth, morphological characteristics, contamination level, and severity.
3. Wound healing involves inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases to repair injured tissue through clotting, granulation formation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling.
The document discusses localized wounds, their characteristics, types, descriptions, stages of healing, factors affecting healing, and types of healing. It provides details on the 8 characteristics that affect wound healing including mechanism of onset, time since onset, location, dimensions, temperature, hydration, necrotic tissue or foreign bodies, and infection. It describes the 4 stages of wound healing as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Finally, it discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary types of wound healing and lists 10 common factors that can affect wound healing in chronic wounds such as age, wound type, infection, diseases, nutrition, hydration, circulation, edema, trauma, and patient behaviors.
WOUNDS-WOUND HEALING AND CARE.pptxcfghfyHappychifunda
1. Wounds are breaks in the normal continuity of tissue caused by a transfer of energy into the body. They can be classified as closed or open.
2. Proper wound management includes stopping bleeding, cleaning, debridement, deciding whether to close or leave open, antibiotics, and improving the body's response. Specific types like lacerations, bites, and punctures require individualized care.
3. Without proper handling, wounds can lead to complications like infection, contractures, and more serious issues affecting multiple organ systems. Thorough assessment and treatment according to wound type aims to promote healing and prevent complications.
This document summarizes various surgical affections including wounds, burns, dislocations, and fractures. It describes different types of wounds such as clean, contaminated, and infected wounds and their appropriate management. Burn classifications including 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns are outlined along with treatment. Dislocations and different fracture types like transverse, oblique, and comminuted are defined. Symptoms and treatment methods for fractures including casting, traction, and external fixation are summarized.
The document discusses wound care and the role of physiotherapy in wound healing. It begins by defining a wound and describing the stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. It then discusses types of wounds, factors affecting healing, and complications. The role of physiotherapy includes wound cleaning, debridement, dressing selection and application, education, and use of modalities like ultrasound, ultraviolet light therapy, and low-level laser therapy to accelerate healing. Ultrasound increases circulation and promotes collagen formation. Ultraviolet light provides antibacterial effects. Low-level laser stimulates cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Precautions are described for each modality's application.
The document discusses wound care and the role of physiotherapy in wound healing. It begins by defining a wound and describing the stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. It then discusses types of wounds, factors affecting healing, and complications. The role of physiotherapy includes wound cleaning, debridement, dressing selection and application, education, and use of modalities like ultrasound, ultraviolet light therapy, and low-level laser therapy to accelerate healing. Ultrasound increases circulation and tissue mobility while UV light and laser therapy reduce bacteria and promote cell proliferation and collagen formation. Precautions are described for each modality's application.
This document provides an overview of wound management. It begins with objectives of defining wounds, classifying them, explaining wound healing and general management. It then covers wound classification including by origin, bacterial contamination and shape. The stages of wound healing - hemostasis, proliferation and remodeling - are outlined. Wound management techniques like irrigation, debridement, closure methods and dressings are described. Potential complications are also mentioned.
This document discusses wound healing and its pathophysiology. It begins by describing the anatomy of the skin, including the epidermis and dermis layers. It then discusses the functions of intact skin, such as protection, thermoregulation, fluid balance, and vitamin D synthesis. The document classifies wounds and describes healing by primary, secondary, and tertiary intention. It explains the inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases of wound healing and compares fetal and adult wound healing. Finally, it discusses aberrations like hypertrophic scars and keloids.
Skin grafts and flaps are used to treat wounds and provide skin coverage. There are two types of non-vascular skin transfers - split-thickness and full-thickness skin grafts. Physical therapy aims to prevent complications after grafting like infection, contractures, and impaired healing. Treatment includes exercises, splinting and compression to promote mobility and graft adherence while avoiding shearing forces. Goals are wound healing, edema reduction, and regaining function.
This document provides an overview of wound management. It discusses wound classification, the wound healing process, factors affecting wound healing, wound assessment, types of wound drainage, complications of wound healing, and various wound dressing techniques. The three main phases of wound healing are the inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and maturation phase. Wound classification includes factors like the mechanism of injury, degree of contamination, and wound depth. Proper wound management requires assessing these classifications and factors to determine the appropriate treatment approach.
The document provides information on wound care and dressing. It discusses the skin and its functions, defines different types of wounds including incisions, abrasions, and lacerations. It covers the three phases of wound healing - inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. It also describes how to assess and classify wounds, lists intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, signs of infection, types of exudate, potential complications, and the red/yellow/black wound classification system. Guidelines are provided on wound dressing selection and techniques for cleaning wounds.
This document provides an overview of wound classification and the wound healing process. It begins with the objectives and defines a wound. It then classifies wounds according to surface covering, depth of injury, cause, type of injury, and degree of contamination. The stages of wound healing are described as inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases. Key processes in the proliferative phase include granulation, wound contraction, and epithelialization which work to fill the wound with new tissue and close it.
Wound healing and management of wound in surgeryuser177571
The document discusses wound healing and management of wounds. It begins by describing the anatomy of skin including the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It then discusses the functions of intact skin including protection, thermoregulation, fluid balance and vitamin D synthesis. It classifies wounds and describes healing by primary, secondary and tertiary intention. The phases of wound healing are described including inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Risk factors for surgical wound infection and appropriate antibiotic use are outlined. Fetal wound healing and pressure ulcer staging are also summarized. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are defined and their treatment discussed.
The document discusses types and management of wounds. It describes different types of wounds based on duration (acute or chronic), object causing the wound (open or closed), and penetration (penetrating or non-penetrating). It also outlines the four phases of wound healing - inflammation, debridement, repair, and maturation. Finally, it provides guidance on managing open and closed wounds, including cleaning, debridement, drainage, closure techniques, and bandaging.
Wound healing and sterilization for MBBS students vaibhav trivedi
The document discusses wound healing and the factors that affect it. It begins by defining wounds and classifying them as open or closed. It then describes the phases of wound healing - inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Key events in each phase like hemostasis, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and wound contraction are explained. Finally, it lists and describes various internal and external factors that can positively or negatively influence the wound healing process, such as nutrition, infection, hypoxia, steroids, and radiation.
1) The document discusses various techniques for proper wound handling and suturing to promote healing, including minimizing trauma, keeping tissue moist, and removing dead space.
2) It describes the three phases of wound healing - inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation - and notes goals for each phase like cleaning debris and increasing tensile strength.
3) Different suturing techniques are outlined like simple interrupted, horizontal mattress, and continuous patterns as well as considerations for suture type, size, and knot tying.
Wound Healing and Suture Knowledge-Kim_Bayer.pptPuiteaChhangte
1) The document discusses various techniques for proper wound handling and suturing to promote healing, including minimizing trauma, keeping tissue moist, and removing dead space.
2) It describes the three phases of wound healing - inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation - and notes goals for each phase like cleaning debris and increasing tensile strength.
3) Different suturing techniques are outlined like simple interrupted, horizontal mattress, and continuous patterns as well as considerations for suture type, size, and knot tying.
Wound healing involves three phases - inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. Factors like wound classification, morphology, and healing intention (primary vs secondary) determine the healing process. General factors like nutrition, immunity, and associated diseases as well as local factors like site, contamination, and tension affect wound healing. Complications include infection, breakdown, hernia, and abnormal scarring. The principles of wound management are to clean contaminated wounds and close primarily when possible to promote rapid healing with minimal scarring.
1. The document defines a wound and provides a detailed overview of wound classification, etiology, healing phases, and management.
2. Wounds are classified according to etiology, Rank-Wakefield system, duration, integrity of skin, depth, morphological characteristics, contamination level, and severity.
3. Wound healing involves inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases to repair injured tissue through clotting, granulation formation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling.
The document discusses localized wounds, their characteristics, types, descriptions, stages of healing, factors affecting healing, and types of healing. It provides details on the 8 characteristics that affect wound healing including mechanism of onset, time since onset, location, dimensions, temperature, hydration, necrotic tissue or foreign bodies, and infection. It describes the 4 stages of wound healing as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Finally, it discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary types of wound healing and lists 10 common factors that can affect wound healing in chronic wounds such as age, wound type, infection, diseases, nutrition, hydration, circulation, edema, trauma, and patient behaviors.
WOUNDS-WOUND HEALING AND CARE.pptxcfghfyHappychifunda
1. Wounds are breaks in the normal continuity of tissue caused by a transfer of energy into the body. They can be classified as closed or open.
2. Proper wound management includes stopping bleeding, cleaning, debridement, deciding whether to close or leave open, antibiotics, and improving the body's response. Specific types like lacerations, bites, and punctures require individualized care.
3. Without proper handling, wounds can lead to complications like infection, contractures, and more serious issues affecting multiple organ systems. Thorough assessment and treatment according to wound type aims to promote healing and prevent complications.
This document summarizes various surgical affections including wounds, burns, dislocations, and fractures. It describes different types of wounds such as clean, contaminated, and infected wounds and their appropriate management. Burn classifications including 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns are outlined along with treatment. Dislocations and different fracture types like transverse, oblique, and comminuted are defined. Symptoms and treatment methods for fractures including casting, traction, and external fixation are summarized.
The document discusses wound care and the role of physiotherapy in wound healing. It begins by defining a wound and describing the stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. It then discusses types of wounds, factors affecting healing, and complications. The role of physiotherapy includes wound cleaning, debridement, dressing selection and application, education, and use of modalities like ultrasound, ultraviolet light therapy, and low-level laser therapy to accelerate healing. Ultrasound increases circulation and promotes collagen formation. Ultraviolet light provides antibacterial effects. Low-level laser stimulates cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Precautions are described for each modality's application.
The document discusses wound care and the role of physiotherapy in wound healing. It begins by defining a wound and describing the stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. It then discusses types of wounds, factors affecting healing, and complications. The role of physiotherapy includes wound cleaning, debridement, dressing selection and application, education, and use of modalities like ultrasound, ultraviolet light therapy, and low-level laser therapy to accelerate healing. Ultrasound increases circulation and tissue mobility while UV light and laser therapy reduce bacteria and promote cell proliferation and collagen formation. Precautions are described for each modality's application.
This document provides an overview of wound management. It begins with objectives of defining wounds, classifying them, explaining wound healing and general management. It then covers wound classification including by origin, bacterial contamination and shape. The stages of wound healing - hemostasis, proliferation and remodeling - are outlined. Wound management techniques like irrigation, debridement, closure methods and dressings are described. Potential complications are also mentioned.
This document discusses wound healing and its pathophysiology. It begins by describing the anatomy of the skin, including the epidermis and dermis layers. It then discusses the functions of intact skin, such as protection, thermoregulation, fluid balance, and vitamin D synthesis. The document classifies wounds and describes healing by primary, secondary, and tertiary intention. It explains the inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases of wound healing and compares fetal and adult wound healing. Finally, it discusses aberrations like hypertrophic scars and keloids.
Skin grafts and flaps are used to treat wounds and provide skin coverage. There are two types of non-vascular skin transfers - split-thickness and full-thickness skin grafts. Physical therapy aims to prevent complications after grafting like infection, contractures, and impaired healing. Treatment includes exercises, splinting and compression to promote mobility and graft adherence while avoiding shearing forces. Goals are wound healing, edema reduction, and regaining function.
This document provides an overview of wound management. It discusses wound classification, the wound healing process, factors affecting wound healing, wound assessment, types of wound drainage, complications of wound healing, and various wound dressing techniques. The three main phases of wound healing are the inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and maturation phase. Wound classification includes factors like the mechanism of injury, degree of contamination, and wound depth. Proper wound management requires assessing these classifications and factors to determine the appropriate treatment approach.
The document provides information on wound care and dressing. It discusses the skin and its functions, defines different types of wounds including incisions, abrasions, and lacerations. It covers the three phases of wound healing - inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. It also describes how to assess and classify wounds, lists intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, signs of infection, types of exudate, potential complications, and the red/yellow/black wound classification system. Guidelines are provided on wound dressing selection and techniques for cleaning wounds.
This document provides an overview of wound classification and the wound healing process. It begins with the objectives and defines a wound. It then classifies wounds according to surface covering, depth of injury, cause, type of injury, and degree of contamination. The stages of wound healing are described as inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases. Key processes in the proliferative phase include granulation, wound contraction, and epithelialization which work to fill the wound with new tissue and close it.
Wound healing and management of wound in surgeryuser177571
The document discusses wound healing and management of wounds. It begins by describing the anatomy of skin including the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It then discusses the functions of intact skin including protection, thermoregulation, fluid balance and vitamin D synthesis. It classifies wounds and describes healing by primary, secondary and tertiary intention. The phases of wound healing are described including inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Risk factors for surgical wound infection and appropriate antibiotic use are outlined. Fetal wound healing and pressure ulcer staging are also summarized. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are defined and their treatment discussed.
Assessment and management of Airway for BSc Nuursing StudentsAme Mehadi
The document discusses airway assessment. It defines the upper and lower airways and describes components of each. It then defines a difficult airway and lists factors that can make mask ventilation and intubation difficult. The document outlines tools for assessing airway difficulty, including individual indices, group indices with or without scoring, laryngoscopy grading, tests of mandibular space, and advanced radiographic assessments. It emphasizes that a thorough airway assessment is critical for airway management and difficult intubations cannot always be predicted.
Principles of Anesthesia for Nursing StudentsAme Mehadi
This document provides an overview of anesthesia, including definitions, types, stages of general anesthesia, and mechanisms of action. It discusses local anesthesia, general anesthesia, and the routes of administering each. The stages of general anesthesia are induction, excitement, relaxation, and danger. Inhalational agents like nitrous oxide, halothane, and isoflurane as well as intravenous agents like thiopental sodium and ketamine are reviewed. The document aims to educate about the basics of anesthesia.
First Aid for management of Specific Injuries.pptxAme Mehadi
This document provides information on first aid for specific injuries written by Ame Mehadi. It covers injuries to the eyes, head, face, jaw, nose, neck, chest, abdomen and skin burns. For eye injuries, it describes treating foreign objects and blows to the eye. For head injuries, it discusses scalp wounds and signs of brain injury, advising to call for medical help. Face and jaw injuries can obstruct breathing, so the first aid is to maintain an open airway. Nosebleeds are also addressed. The document aims to inform first responders on appropriate first aid for different types of injuries.
Nursing Ethics for nurses in clinical settingAme Mehadi
The document outlines an agenda for a national training on nursing ethics conducted by the Federal Ministry of Health. The 7-session training covers topics such as the introduction to nursing ethics, ethical principles, nursing values, ethical dilemmas, ethical decision-making, legal aspects of nursing practice, and the nursing code of ethics. Session 1 defines nursing ethics and describes theories of ethics. Session 2 identifies ethical principles like beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and others. Session 3 explains ideal nursing competencies such as moral integrity, communication skills, and concern for patients. Session 4 discusses ethical dilemmas and moral distress in nursing.
pneumothorax for Emergency and critical care nursing studentsAme Mehadi
A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the chest cavity during breathing but cannot escape, causing the lung to collapse with each inhalation. This puts pressure on the heart and pushes the trachea away from the affected side, compressing the heart and potentially stopping breathing if not treated by releasing the trapped air.
WOUND CARE for Public health professionals .pptAme Mehadi
This document provides guidance on wound care, including differentiating between types of wounds and describing various wound healing processes. It outlines the objectives and equipment needed for cleaning and dressing clean wounds, septic wounds, and wounds with drainage tubes. Procedures are provided for dressing changes, wound irrigation, and ensuring aseptic technique is followed to prevent infection. The goal of wound care is to keep wounds clean and promote healing.
The document provides information about operating room organization and design. It discusses the objective of describing specific OR areas, equipment, environmental layout, personnel, and aseptic technique principles. It defines key terms like operating department, operating suite, and operating theater. It describes the major considerations for OR design which include doors, lighting, ventilation, humidity, and heating. The basic design principles are outlined, including having a simple cleanable design, separate clean and soiled instrument rooms, and sufficient space. Specific organizational areas in the OR are also detailed.
The document provides an outline for a lecture on communicable disease control nursing. It covers several topics including the definition and features of communicable diseases, classification methods, and the chain of disease transmission. The chain of transmission involves an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, mode of entry, and successive host. Reservoirs can be humans, animals, vectors, or the environment. Five factors that play a role in fecal-oral disease transmission are also defined.
Surgical Conscience and Informed ConsentAme Mehadi
This document discusses informed consent and surgical conscience. It defines informed consent as permission obtained from a patient to perform a specific medical test or procedure. Surgical conscience is defined as surgical ethics, principles, or a sense of right and wrong. The document outlines the purposes of informed consent, circumstances requiring consent, essential elements of informed consent, and requisites for validity of informed consent such as obtaining written permission and signature without pressure or duress.
CASH Clean and Safe Health facilities Initiative_Ethiopia.pptAme Mehadi
The Clean and Safe Health Facilities Initiative (CASH) aims to make healthcare facilities clean, safe, and comfortable for patients, visitors, staff, and the community. It focuses on cleaning, safety, and infection prevention. The objectives are to increase awareness of cleaning and safety, engage all staff in cleaning activities, and create accountability. The scope includes clinical areas, utilities, buildings, and waste management. Principles emphasize that clean care is safer care and cleanliness is a shared responsibility. Strategies include governance structures, advocacy, collaboration, and recognition of best practices. Action points involve assessments, infrastructure improvements, campaigns, and monitoring/evaluation. Measures center on attitudes, standards implementation, satisfaction, and infection rates. Responsibilities
This document discusses proper hand hygiene techniques for healthcare workers. It covers the importance of hand hygiene in reducing infection spread, different hand hygiene methods like hand washing, hand antisepsis, antiseptic hand rubs and surgical hand scrubs. The techniques for each method are described in detail. Barriers to hand hygiene compliance and strategies to improve practices are also reviewed.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings. It covers various types of PPE like gloves, masks, gowns and drapes. It describes when each type should be used and how to correctly put on and remove PPE like gloves and masks. The key learning objectives are to list different PPE, describe their uses and limitations, and demonstrate proper donning and doffing of equipment.
This document discusses iron poisoning, including its stages, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, management, follow up, complications, and prognosis. Iron poisoning can cause gastrointestinal toxicity within 6 hours, then apparent improvement before systemic injury sets in from 12-48 hours with potential hepatic injury, hypoglycemia, bleeding, and other effects. Management involves supportive care, gastric emptying, whole bowel irrigation, and chelation therapy with deferoxamine. Complications can include hypotension, metabolic acidosis, hemorrhage, and organ failure. Prognosis depends on serum iron levels with higher levels carrying more risk.
This document discusses various types of bone injuries including fractures, sprains, strains, and muscle cramps. It provides details on closed and open fractures, as well as green stick and complicated fractures. Signs and symptoms of fractures are outlined. First aid principles for fractures include immobilization, splinting, controlling bleeding if open, and seeking immediate medical help. Specific fractures of the skull, face, shoulder blade, collarbone, upper arm, elbow, and forearm are also described with appropriate first aid treatments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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2. Wound care (3 Hrs.)
• Wound healing process
• Dressing wounds
• Wound irrigation
• Suturing and removal of stiches
By Ame M.
3. Wound healing and methods of hemostasis
• Types of wound:
– Open wounds
1. Surgical Incision
2. Lacerations wounds
3. Abrasions wound
4. Avulsions wound
5. Ulceration wound
6. Puncture wound
– Closed wound
• Contusion wound
By Ame M.
4. Mechanism of wound healing
• Wound healing differs according to how much tissue has
been damaged.
• Wound healing occurs by first, second, and third intention.
• Types of wound healing:
A. First intention:
B. Second intention:
C. Third intention:
By Ame M.
5. Mechanism of wound healing
• Types of wound healing:
1. First intention (most surgical incisions):
– Healing occurs directly, without formation of granulation tissue
with minimal scar formation.
– Clean incision, early suturing, hairline scar.
• First-intention healing (healing by primary intention)
– occurs in wounds with minimal tissue loss, such as
• surgical incisions or
• wounds sutured (stitched) soon after injury.
– Edges are approximated (close to each other); thus,
– they seal together rapidly.
– Scarring and infection rates are low.
By Ame M.
6. Mechanism of wound healing
1. Second intention (tissue must granulate in):
–Healing occurs with granulation tissue.
–Scar formation is excessive.
–Irregular wound, granulation, skin grows over scar.
7. WOUND HEALING
• Second-intention healing (healing by secondary intention)
– occurs with tissue loss; the wound edges are widely separated.
– Secondary intention healing occurs in injuries such as deep lacerations, burns,
and pressure ulcers.
– Because edges do not approximate (come together), openings fill with
granulation tissue that is soft and pinkish.
– The granulation tissue grows in slowly and must grow in from the inside out-
ward, to prevent abscess.
– When the granulation tissue is in place, epithelial cells grow over the top.
– (Drainage or other wound debris slows the healing process.)
– Scarring often occurs, and the risk of infection is greater than that for first-
intention healing.
– New technologies have been developed to treat such wounds more
successfully.
8. Mechanism of wound healing
1. Third intention(wound edges brought together some time
after wound occurs):
–A deeper and wider Scar usually result.
–Open wound, increased granulation, late suturing, wide
scar.
9. WOUND HEALING
• Third-intention healing (healing by tertiary intention)
– occurs when there is a delay in the time between the injury and the closure of
the wound.
– For example, a wound may be left open temporarily to allow for drainage or
removal of infectious materials.
– This type of healing sometimes occurs after surgery when there is an infection,
or in a large open wound when the wound is closed later.
– In the meantime, wound surfaces start to granulate in.
– Deep scarring almost always occurs.
– Hundreds of products and procedures are in use today to assist in the healing
of wounds.
– These include procedures such as electrical stimulation, diathermy, and
hyperbaric chamber treatment; discussion of many of these is beyond the
scope of this book.
10. WOUND HEALING
• Medications
– Some of the available wound care products are medications, such
as antibiotics and antiseptics.
– Usually, the wound is cleaned and then patted dry with sterile
gauze or other dressing.
– Follow the provider’s orders carefully; in addition, read the
instructions packaged with the medication.
– Apply the medication to the wound itself, but not to the skin’s
edges unless ordered otherwise.
11. WOUND HEALING
– Rationale:
• The medication may be damaging to surrounding tissues.
• In many cases, an open wound will be filled in with a prescribed cream or
ointment.
• In the case of a large wound, this application is most often performed with
a tongue blade.
• For smaller wounds or sinus tracts, a cotton-tipped applicator is used.
• (Oral or intravenous antibiotics and other medications are often given as
well, to speed the healing process.)
– Table 58-3 presents wound care product categories, and Table 58-4
outlines the objectives of wound care and the products used.
12. Factors influencing wound healing:
Age
Weight
Nutritional status
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
General health
Drug therapy
Post-operative complication.
Physical Activity
By Ame M.
13. Hemostasis:
• is the arrest of a flow of blood or hemorrhage.
• The mechanism is coagulation (clot formation)
– When there is incision or traumatic injury, a blood vessel
constricted and platelets rapidly clump and adhere to connective
tissue at the cut end of constricted vessel.
– In some cases, blood disease, or operation on blood vessel.
– They use anticoagulant agent as heparin to depress blood
prothrombin and tendency of blood platelets to cling together.
By Ame M.
15. Methods of hemostasis……
1. Chemical Method
A. Biological dressing:
• It is covering an open surface defect of skin to, and promote the production
of granulation.
• The biological dressing is a graft and has the following types:
1. Auto graft: Skin grafted from one part of pt. body to another part.
2. Homograft: Skin taken from one person to another.
3. Heterograft: Skin grafted between two different species(e.g. an
animal)
B. Oxytocin: used to get uterine contraction after delivery to control bleeding.
C. Epinephrine (Adrenaline): vasoconstriction which decrease bleeding.
D. Tannic acid: is used on mucous membranes of the nose and throat.
By Ame M.
16. Methods of hemostasis……
2. Mechanical methods
1. Bone wax: It is used to control bleeding from bone in some orthopedic
surgery
2. Drain: As prophylactically or therapeutic during operation to evacuate
fluids.
3. NG tube: To measure blood loss during gastric surgery
4. Urinary drainage (Urethral catheter).
5. Heamovac drain.
6. Chest tub.
7. Dressing over incision.
8. Hemostatic clamps
9. Ligature
10.Pressure
By Ame M.
17. Methods of hemostasis……
3. Thermal methods
Diathermy
Production of heat in the body tissue by a high frequency of
electric current.
Types of diathermy
Medical diathermy:- sufficient heat is used to warm the tissues
but not harm them.
Short–wave diathermy:- used in physiotherapy to relieve pain
or heat infection.
Surgical diathermy:- of very high frequency, used to coagulate
blood in vessels, cut & desiccation of tissues.
By Ame M.
18. Diathermy…..
Functions
Electrotomy/cutting (generation of
heat destroys tissue cell)
Blend (cutting & coagulation)
Fulguration (cell walls destroyed
through dehydration)
Coagulation/Desiccation (dryness
of tissues)
Physiology of coagulation of
diathermy
Retraction of blood vessels
Contraction of the muscle
The dryness of tissue cell
Minimum out put of power
By Ame M.
19. Diathermy…..
• Advantages
– Relief pain
– Prevention of infection
– Shortens the duration of surgery
– Controls minute bleedings
• Disadvantages
– Delayed wound healing
– Channeling (thrombosis
formation)
– Explosions/sparking
– Burn/ignition
– Organ perforation
– Gas embolism
By Ame M.
20. Diathermy…..
ways of delivering currents
Monopolar Vs Bipolar delivery
Monopolar
The current is passed
through a large volume of
tissue.
Large surface area of the
body contact.
A very low current density
passed through most of
the body.
Bipolar
Involves the current being passed b/n two
point electrodes.
A very high current density.
High heating effect, is produced over a
very small volume of tissue.
Virtually no heat generated else where in
the body.
be used with relatively low currents
For coagulation of small blood vessels.
Its greatest application is in
microsurgery(the hand & in neurosurgery.
By Ame M.
21. Diathermy…..
Diathermy burn occurs b/c
of:-
Faulty applications of
different electrodes
Failure to insulate/protect
the pt
Failure to insulate the cable
Inadvertent actions/activity
Proper applications of
Pads/plates
Place the diathermy plate
near to operation site
If the site is below the heart-
Put on the gluteus muscle
portion
If the site is above the heart-
Put on the shoulder muscle
portion
By Ame M.
22. Wound Closure Material
Suture: Is a material used to bring tissue together.
Ligature: Is a material tied around blood vessel to occlude lumen and
attached to needle.
Free tie: Is a single strand material handed to surgeon or assistant to
tie blood vessel.
Suture Material Must:
1. Be sterile when placed in tissue.
2. Be predictably uniform in tensile strength
3. Be small in diameter and safe to use
4. Have knot security, remain tied.
5. Cause as a little foreign body tissue reaction.
By Ame M.
23. Classification of suture material
I. Absorbable suture:
• Prepared form collagen or synthetic polymer they are
absorbed or digested by the body cells and tissue fluids.
II. Non absorbable suture:
• Effectively resist enzymatic digestion or absorption in living
tissue.
By Ame M.
24. Classification of suture material
• Subdivision of suture material:
A. Monofilament suture:
– Consisting of single thread that is non-capillary.
B. Multifilament suture:
– Made of more than one thread held together, it is considered capillary
By Ame M.
25. I. Absorbable suture:
1) Surgical Gut:
Collagen derived from the sub mucosa or serosa of beef intestine
Ranging from the heaviest size 3/0 to finest size 7/0
Digested by body enzymes and absorbed by tissue.
– Types of Surgical Gut:
a) Plain Surgical Gut
b) Chromic Surgical Gut
By Ame M.
26. I. Absorbable suture:
a) Plain Surgical Gut:
Digested quickly in 5-10 days and
is completely digested by 60 days.
It is used to ligate small vessels
and to suture subcutaneous fat.
It is available in size 3/0 through
6/0 .
It has natural yellowish color.
By Ame M.
27. I. Absorbable suture:
b) Chromic surgical gut
From the sub mucosa of sheep
intestine or serosa of beef intestine
treated with chromium salts to
delay the rate of wound
absorption.
Maintains strength for 10-14 days
making it useful for mucosal
closures and absorbed completely
within 120 days.
Rang size 3/0 to 7/0.
By Ame M.
28. Reading the Suture Label
• Company
Needle
Size
Order Code
Name
Also:
LENGTH
NEEDLE
SYMBOL
COLOR
Absorbable or
Non
By Ame M.
29. The rate of absorption is influenced by:
1. Type of tissue: The surgical gut absorbed much more rapidly in
mucous membrane, and absorbed slowly in subcutaneous fat.
2. Condition of tissue: Absorption takes place more rapidly in absence
of infection.
3. General health status of patient: Surgical gut may be absorbed more
rapidly in well nourished tissue or healthy tissue, but in old pt. it may
remain for long time.
4. Type of surgical gut: Plain gut is untreated but chromic gut is treated
to provide greater resistance to absorption.
By Ame M.
30. Handling characteristic of surgical gut and
collagen suture:
1. Surgical gut and collagen suture are sealed
in packets that contain fluid to keep the
material pliable, this fluid is alcohol and
water, hold packet over basin and open it
carefully spilling fluid to your eyes.
2. Surgical gut and collagen suture should be
used immediately after removal of their
packets, you can put it into saline to soften
it but do not soak it.
3. Handle it as little as possible, never stretch
it that weakens it
By Ame M.
31. 2. Synthetic Absorbable polymers:
• Dyed or un dyed multifilament synthetic absorbable suture,
these sutures as absorbed by slow hydrolysis process in the
presence of tissue fluid.
• Example
a)VICRYLE
b)Monocryl
By Ame M.
32. 2. Synthetic Absorbable polymers:
a)VICRYLE®:
1.Absorbed rapidly within 90 days.
2.Multifilament braided, size range
2/0 through 7/0.
3.Monofilament, size rang 9/0
through 10-0 for ophthalmic
procedures.
By Ame M.
33. 2. Synthetic Absorbable polymers:
b) Monocryl®:
1.Monofilament maintaining 50-60%
strength at 7 days with complete
absorption by 3 months.
2.It offers better handling and knot security
than most other monofilament sutures.
3.Less tissue reaction than Vicryl® and is
therefore useful where minimal tissue
reaction is essential.
By Ame M.
34. II. Non absorbable suture
1.Surgical silk:
• An animal-product made from the fiber
spume.
• Fiber are braided or twisted together to
from Multifilament suture.
• It is also dyed most commonly black, size
range from 5/0 through 9/0.
By Ame M.
35. II. Non absorbable suture……
• Characteristics of silk suture:
– Silk is not a true non-absorbable material, it loses
much of it is tensile strength after about 1 year
and usually disappear after 2 or more years.
– Silk suture are dry, they also lose tensile strength
if wet, so do not moisture before use.
– If it is necessary to autoclave e silk suture, so at
121C for 15minutes, but some of it is tensile
strength is lost during sterilization.
– It is used frequently in serosa of GI tract and to
close fascia in the absence of infection and it may
be used in anastomosis of major vessels.
By Ame M.
36. Synthetic non-absorbable polymers
a) Surgical nylon:
– It is derived by chemical synthesis.
– Inexpensive monofilament and has high tensile
strength but lose it by hydrolysis in tissue.
– Has minimal tissue reactivity
– Size range from 2/0 through 11/0.
– It used to close skin and ophthalmology.
– Disadvantages
• are its handling and knot security, but it
remains one of the most popular non-
absorbable sutures in dermatological
surgery.
By Ame M.
37. Synthetic non-absorbable polymers
b) Prolene®
– A monofilament polymer with a very low
coefficient of friction making it the suture
of choice for running subcuticular stitches.
– It has good plasticity but
– limited elasticity,
– poor knot security, and
– it is relatively expensive.
– Flavored by some for facial repairs
By Ame M.
38. Factors that influence the choice of
suture materials
1. Biologic characteristics of the suture material
2. Healing characteristics of the tissue
3. Location and length of the incision
4. Presence or absence of contamination and/or infection
5. Patient problems such as obesity, debility, advanced age and
diseases
6. Physical characteristics of the material such as ease of
passing through tissue, knot tying and other
7. personal preference of the surgeon.
By Ame M.
39. Hand Hygiene Techniques
• Routine Hand washing
• The purpose of handwashing is to mechanically remove soil and debris
from skin and reduce the number of transient microorganisms.
• For appropriate handwashing:
– Thoroughly wet hands
– Apply a hand washing agent (plain soap or detergent)
– Vigorously rub all areas of hands and fingers for 10-15 seconds, paying close
attention to fingernails, and areas between the fingers
– Rinse hands thoroughly with clean running water from a tap or a bucket
– Dry hands with personal dry clean towel, paper towel or air dry (using shared
towel is not recommended as they quickly become contaminated)
By Ame M.