The United Nations faced several major failures in the 1990s that damaged its reputation for peacekeeping. This included abandoning Rwandan civilians during the 1994 genocide, failing to protect Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica during the 1995 massacre, and numerous cases of sexual abuse by UN peacekeepers around this time period. These events demonstrated that the UN was unprepared and ineffective at preventing mass violence and atrocities, and in some cases UN peacekeepers directly enabled human rights abuses rather than protecting civilians as intended.

1. World requires s
UN.

2. The United Nations
• Founded in 1945 to
replace league of
nations.
• Peacekeeping and
Collective Security.
• Low point in the
1980s during the
Cold War.

3. 1994
• SOUTH AFRICA-RWANDAN
GENOCIDE!

4. • SOUTH AFRICA-RWANDAN GENOCIDE
Preventing another round of genocidal violence in central Africa
is one of the UN's greatest challenges.
•
Following the Rwandan Civil War in the
early 1990s, tensions between two
ethnic groups, the Hutu and the Tutsis,
were at a dangerous high.
•
In January 1994, the UN security
council largely ignored the cable
referring to the forthcoming threat of
genocides by Hutu mobs on Tutsi
minorities.
•
On April 6th, 1994 death of Hutu
president Juvnal Habyarimana in a
plane crash.

5. • SOUTH AFRICA-RWANDAN GENOCIDE
Most shocking Genocide failure of UN.
•
Most shocking in this series of events is the abandonment of a school by
Belgian peacekeepers after 10 soldiers were murdered.
•
2,500 UN peacekeepers in Rwanda at the time were withdrawn after the
deaths of 10 Belgian soldiers
•
Bill Clinton wanted to preserve his reputation and didn’t want American troops
to be killed.
•
UN was unprepared and unorganized
•
Humanitarian food relief was intercepted by militias.

6. 1990s
• Child sex abuse scandal

7. • Child sex abuse scandal
The Blue Helmets(UN Peacekeepers represents stability and
safety)= False
•
In 1990s, Reports from
Bosnia, Kosovo, Cambodia, Haiti and
Mozambique revealed a shocking trend of
rapid rise in child prostitution.
•
Soldiers claiming sexual relationship with
children by rewarding candy or small sums of
money
•
In 2006, Senior UN officials said that 319
soldiers, police or civilians serving on mission
have been investigated and 180 have been
dismissed or repatriate but never prosecuted.

8. • Child sex abuse scandal
UN Peacekeeping personnel are perceived as doing more harm
than good.
•
In 2004, A 14-year-old girl was interviewed by
the BBC described how she was abducted and
raped inside a UN naval base in Haiti.
•
According to a report by one international
group in 2004, UN staffers from morocco were
found to made 82 local women and girls
pregnant .
•
Under UN regulations, servicemen and women
can only be prosecuted in their home
countries, not in the country where they are
serving.
•
And the UN was also afraid to take any actions
against the alleged soldiers because, that will
spoil the reputation and prohibit others to join
peacekeeping forces.

9. 1994-1995
• SREBRENICA MASSACRE

10. • Srebrenica Massacre
The fall of Srebrenica: Damaging symbol of the UN failure.
•
Since world war II, Bosnian war massacre
was the single worst act of mass murder on
European soil.
•
After UN designated Srebrenica a safezone in 1993, an ethnic cleansing campaign
led by the Serbs targeted the Bosniaks(a
largely muslim community.)
•
In July, The Serbs then surrounded the so
called “safe-zone” and invaded the area
forcing the small UN team back.

11. • Srebrenica Massacre
''The tragedy of Srebrenica will haunt our history forever.”
•
Despite 600 Dutch soldiers(UN peacekeeping force) present entered the
camp raping Bosniak women and murdering freely while the Dutch
peacekeepers did absolutely nothing.
•
This clearly demonstrated the inadequacy of the entire approach and try to
remain idle in a conflict.
•
The UN security council members refused to sent enough troops to do the job
and sent 7,400 when wanted 34,000 by Boutros-Ghali (Sec. General, UN)
•
The main culprits of the Bosnia’s Genocide
were political and military leaders,
Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic.

12. The United Nations fail to keep their
agenda of peacekeeping and the concept
of collective security.

13. References:
www.Wikipedia.com
www.listverse.com
www.Googleimage.com