The document provides background information on Rwanda, including its ethnic composition and history of colonial rule. It describes the tensions between Hutus and Tutsis that escalated in the early 1990s. In 1994, the Rwandan president's plane was shot down, sparking a 100-day genocide led by Hutu extremists against Tutsis and moderate Hutus that killed around 800,000 people. The international community provided limited aid. After the genocide, the Rwandan Patriotic Front took power and its leader Paul Kagame remains president, working to rebuild the country.