The document provides an overview of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman religions, describing their origins, key gods and goddesses, creation myths, and sacred texts. Egyptian religions centered around Osiris and Isis and beliefs about the afterlife. Greek religions were polytheistic and illustrated through the works of Homer and Hesiod, describing gods like Zeus and their influence. Roman religions incorporated many Greek gods under different names and also emphasized state deities and divine emperors.
Contains legends, creatures, pictures and more of Greek Mythology!!! Very interesting and important to know. This is basic culture and knowledge of general mythology. Made by Carolina Giraldo, Isabella Centanaro and Maria Paulina Restrepo, with some help from Miss Sonia Alzate.
Contains legends, creatures, pictures and more of Greek Mythology!!! Very interesting and important to know. This is basic culture and knowledge of general mythology. Made by Carolina Giraldo, Isabella Centanaro and Maria Paulina Restrepo, with some help from Miss Sonia Alzate.
Greek Mythology is a topic which has kept us in awe for a very long time. There have been many references to it in pop culture some of which we can relate to, some we don't. So, it is time to expand our knowledge into this domain with insights into this field.
The primer document contains various different names and references to Greek Mythology.
Greek Mythology is a topic which has kept us in awe for a very long time. There have been many references to it in pop culture some of which we can relate to, some we don't. So, it is time to expand our knowledge into this domain with insights into this field.
The primer document contains various different names and references to Greek Mythology.
Alqahtani 1 Alqahtani 2Greek MythologyStudent Abdullah A.docxnettletondevon
Alqahtani 1
Alqahtani 2
Greek Mythology
Student: Abdullah Alqahtani
Professor: Dudley
Date: 12/5/2016
Student: Abdullah Alqahtani
Professor: Dudley
Foundations of the Western World
Date: 12/5/2016
Greek Mythology
In the whole of Western culture, the most fertile and rich collection of stories is found in Greek mythology. This is if the Bible is excluded. These stories are diverse; however, they try to share a similar outlook on life (Slater, 2014). The Greeks believed in living life to the fullest since they cherished it. Death was a fact that was inevitable to them. There were small groups that believed in the idea of resurrection, such as mystery cults. It was dismal to homer death. Life in its way was glorious, thrilling, and dangerous in certain ways. Perishing of an ordinary person was believed to be accompanied by that of the mightiest heroes and the great royal dynasties. However, this idea of death did not make the Greeks be sad because it contained the Babylonian scribes that were written of Gilgamesh. The response of Greeks was enthusiasm. According to them, the only answer to death was to make carve of the legend that is imperishable by magnificent deeds. Throughout the five centuries, that is, from Homer to Alexander the Great, the Greets directed much of their effort and attention on pursuing fame. The astonishing energy was used to pursue fame. They were a unique race since they were imaginative, hard-living, ambitious, restless, and tough. They were very touchy about their honor due to the lust for their reputation. Most of them were vengeful and feisty. All of these traits in abundance are very clear in their stories.
The Greek qualities are mirrored faithfully in the Olympian Gods. Some of these qualities are fornicating, banqueting, unforgiving deities who liked warring, and quarrelsome. They were shown in the form of humans with powerful and beautiful bodies. They were very pleasing to the eye and also humanly intelligible. These people had a strong admiration for intelligence, beauty, and strength. The man was the measure of all things according to them (Dowden, 2014).
There are a few mythologies that have managed to produce a similar wealth of heroes. This was because the Greeks had a very strong urge for fame. Their heroes had desirable characters. They were fighters and adventurers. They were also bold, clever, strong, fierce, and experienced. The accomplishments of these heroes were far beyond that of ordinary humans. Irrespective of being perfect, there were some failings. Some of them were ruined by the failings. Some of these failings are cruelty (that emerged from their success), over-ambitious, overweening pride, and rashness among others. Ambition was very intense in the Greek heroes. There those who aspired godlike powers. All these were a model of human excellence because they gave the youths in the society standards to imitate.
This same ambivalence is evident in the legend of the tragic dynasty. .
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. Egyptian Religions
Overview
• Native religions predominated Egypt for three
millennia before becoming Christian in fourth century
AD
• United Kingdom formed c. 3100 BC with capital at
Memphis
• Writing system, Hieroglyphics, devised at this time
• Kings were believed to be incarnations of one of the
gods (Horus the falcon god first—Re the sun god later)
• Pharaohs claimed divine origin and ruled as gods, not
merely as representatives of the gods
4. Egyptian Religions
Overview
• Large structures (pyramids) were built as stairways for
the kings to ascend into the afterlife
• The Great Pyramid of Giza was the outstanding
achievement, built by Khufu (Gk Cheops, d. 2494)
• Covering 13 acres and nearly 500 feet high, it is made
of 2 million limestone blocks, most weighing several
tons, which were cut and floated along the Nile, and
put in place
5. Egyptian Religions
Cosmologies
Gods & Goddesses
According to one account, in the beginning there were eight
lead gods in four couples
Nut: The sky goddess - her body stretched out to
form the heavens, beneath which lay the
sun, moon, and stars
Shu: god of the winds and air - the support of Nut
Nun: god of the circular ocean
Geb: god of the earth
6. Egyptian Religions
Cosmologies
Creation Occurred by One of Three Means
From an egg laid by a heavenly goose
The opening of a lotus flower, which revealed a divine
son
The opening of a lotus which produced a scarab
beetle: the scarab beetle was then transformed into a
weeping boy whose tears became human beings
The watery chaos, Nun, was stirred by Shu
(Amnon), the wind god. This caused the city of
Hermopolis to appear.
7. Egyptian Religions
Osiris and Isis
Osiris first appeared as both a god of fertility and as the
personification of the dead king
When the king died he became Osiris, and the new king
became Horus (the falcon god)
According to legend, the rule of Osiris over Egypt was a
golden age, but his brother, Seth, was envious
Seth persuaded Osiris into a coffin-like box and drowned
him by throwing the box into the Nile
The coffin floated out into the Mediterranean, ending up
near the port of Byblos
Isis, Orisis’ wife, recovered the body and returned it to
Egypt
8. Egyptian Religions
Osiris and Isis
Seth found the body and cut it into many parts, scattering
them over the countryside
Isis reconstructed the parts into the first mummy
Isis was able to conceive a son from the reconstructed
body and gave birth to Horus
Horus led a victorious war against Seth and became the
first king over Egypt; Osiris became the god of the
underworld
Osiris became honored as the giver of immortality,
while Isis was honored as the model of dignity and
fertility
9. Egyptian Religions
Osiris and Isis
• Osiris became more important than Re, the sun god
• Many believed that devotion to Osiris guaranteed a
good afterlife—now conceived as a parallel to the Nile
Valley
• In the underworld, a person’s heart was judged on the
balance scales by Anubis, the god of death.
• If the heart did not outweigh the feather on the other
scale, the person was judged righteous
• The unrighteous were torn to pieces by a fierce monster
• The righteous were united with family in a pleasant
world (good but inferior to this world)
10. Egyptian Religions
Scriptures
Pyramid Texts
• Consists of inscriptions on pyramid walls concerning the
ruler’s life and the hereafter
Coffin Texts
• Inscriptions on coffin lids concerning myths, temple rites,
and stories about the dead
The Book of the Dead
• Papyrus rolls which contain prayers relating to this life and
the afterlife
• Gives the largest amount of attention to the soul and
afterlife of any of the documents
11. Egyptian Religions
The Book of the Dead
The Soul Consisted of Three Elements
The “Ka” – a kind of double of the person
United with the body at death and remained in the tomb,
needing food offerings for survival
The “Ba” – the spiritual aspect of the person
Depicted as a bird that flew to heaven at the person’s
death. Because some believed it returned at night,
mummification was necessary
The “Akh” – the dead person’s spirit
Inhabited the underworld and reflected in hazy ways the
person’s deeds on earth
13. Greek Religions – Overview
• Greek speaking people called the “Archaeans” came to
the Aegean region of central Europe c. 2000 BC
• c. 1200 BC warlike Greeks called “Dorians” came to the
region and captured the city of Troy
• c. 750 BC Greeks emerged as city-states
– Normally located near a commanding hill with a fortress
—”acropolis”—on the top
– At the lower level was the market place or “agora”
– The agora served as the center of political and social life
– It served as a sort of people’s church with a patron deity
14. Texts: Homer
• No authoritative works of dogma or theology for the
Greeks
• Two Greek poets illustrate the nature of Greek religion:
Homer and Hesiod
• Homer’s “Illiad” details the Greek expedition against the
city of Troy
– Paris, son of Troy’s king, abducts Helen, the wife of Spart’s
king, Menelaus
– A coalition of Greek kings and nobles set out to recapture
Helen, with Achilles as warrior hero
15. Homer
– Achilles kills Hector, the hero of Troy, but is himself
killed by a chance arrow to the heel
– Eventually, the war ends—the Greeks are victorious—
but are very cruel in their destruction of Troy
– On the return home, many difficulties follow them
– Homer brings the gods into the story in an overt manner
Homer’s presentation of the god’s is almost comical,
especially when considered against the backdrop of the
struggle between the Greeks and Trojans.
16. Gods presented by Homer
• Zeus: Chief Olympian god—father of the gods and
ruler of the universe—also father of many semi-divine
beings, the result of mating with mortal women
(notable among these offspring is Hercules)
• Hera: Jealous wife of Zeus, goddess of women,
marriage, and childbirth
• Apollo: Son of Zeus and a mortal, was a wise
counselor who advised through the oracle at the cave
of Delphi
• Hermes: Messenger of his father Zeus and god of
highways, marketplace, travelers, and highwaymen
17. Gods presented by Homer
• Poseidon: God of the sea
• Artemis (Diana): Apollo’s twin sister respected for
her virginity and punishment of her unchaste
nymphs, goddess of the moon and hunting
• Athena: Goddess of wsidom, believed to have
come from Zeus’ fully grown brain
• Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty
• Haphaestus (Vulcan): God of fire
• Demeter: God of grain
Hera, Artemis, and Aphrodite, all relate to fertility and mother
earth. Goddess worship, or fertility cults, may have existed in
Greece before Zeus worship.
18. Texts: Hesiod
• Lived in late 8th century BC
• Attempted to give order to the numerous conflicting
myths that had developed through the years
• Wrote that the world was created by four primary
spirits: Chaos (space), Gaea (earth), Tartarus (abyss),
Eros (love)
• In Hesiod’s account, Gaea created Uranus (heaven)
and takes him as her husband, giving birth to the
Titans (monsters and hundred headed giants)
• At Gaea’s urging, the Titans rebel against Uranus,
mutilating him and severing him from earth
19. Hesiod
• Cronos and Rhea become rulers of the universe
• Believing that he would be destroyed by one of his
children, Cronos swallows each as they are born,
except for Zeus who is spared by his mother
• The Titan, Prometheus, deceived Zeus and stole fire
from heaven
• Zeus sends Pandora (the primal woman) to plague
men and binds Prometheus, after which he leads the
children of Cronos into battle against the Titans. The
Titans are defeated and thrown into Tartarus
• Zeus’ brothers, Poseidon and Hades become rulers
of the sea and realm of the dead
20. Hesiod
• In Hesiod’s account, religious observances are confined
more to recognition of the gods than to moral concerns
• Dionysius (god of wine) received many festivals
• Every Spring a six day festival was held in his honor
• One day in this spring festival included drama at a
theater named in his honor
• In all, about thirty festivals were held annually in Athens
21. Greek Mystery Religions
• Secret cults (mystery religions) existed in addition to
public worship of major gods
• They were the result of dissatisfaction with traditions
as they existed
• Most were linked to agriculture (fertility); some to Osiris
(death with promise of new life)
• A major mystery religion was the Dionysians driven by
the need for emotional satisfaction in religion
– Sought to Demonstrate the joy and danger of drinking
wine
– Rites often excessive involving orgiastic dances,
ecstasies of initiation ceremonies, tearing and eating of
raw kid or bull flesh (attempting to rise above mortality
and attain union with the gods)
23. Roman Religions: Overview
• Many parallels to Greek religion including sharing
many of the same gods, but with different names
– Zeus (chief god) became Jupiter
– Hera (wife of Zeus) became Minerva
– Hermes (messenger god) became Mercury
– Aphrodite (goddess of beauty) became Venus
24. Roman Religions: Overview
• Romans also had state deities
• Two of the most important were Vesta (goddess) &
Janus (god): These represented home life as heart
and door.
• Janus had two faces so he could look both ways.
January is named for him because it is a time for
looking back and forward.
• Vesta’s temple had an eternal flame, indicating her
protection of Rome.
• Vesta was attended by six “vestal virgins” chosen
from patrician families.
25. Roman Religions: Overview
• Other deities personified abstractions of things
important to the Romans, such as health, peace,
fortune, plenty, and justice (a blindfolded god holding
a balance)
• In later years, the emporer became an object of
worship; by the 3rd century AD this involved worship
of the living emperor as a god
• Led to persecution for the emerging Christian church