The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that addresses international public health. It was established on April 7, 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO aims to provide leadership on global health matters, shape the health research agenda, set health standards and norms, and provide technical support to countries. It has over 7,000 staff from over 150 countries working in its 150 offices worldwide. The WHO's proposed budget for 2014/2015 was approximately $4 billion.
WHO is working to ensure that everyone has access to quality health care.
In many countries, there is little money available to spend on health. This
results in inadequate hospitals and clinics, a short supply of essential
medicines and equipment, and a critical shortage of health workers.
Worse, in some parts of the world, large numbers of health workers are
dying from the very diseases which they are trying to prevent and treat.
WHO works with countries to help them plan, educate and manage the
health workforce, for example, by advising on policies to recruit and retain
people working in health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a global organization that aims to attain the highest level of health for all people. It has a governing body called the World Health Assembly and over 8,000 staff working across headquarters and regional offices. Since 1999, WHO has applied an organizational learning cycle of generating information, integrating new information, collectively interpreting information, and authorizing actions based on interpretations. This allows WHO to continuously improve its response to global health issues through knowledge sharing and management.
This document provides information about the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses that WHO was established in 1948 and is a specialized UN agency that coordinates international public health. Its headquarters are in Geneva. Membership is open to all countries and there are currently 194 member states. The key structures of WHO are the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and Secretariat. It also outlines WHO's agenda, role, publications, and important world health days.
The document provides an overview of the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses that WHO is a specialized UN agency focused on international public health. It has over 7,000 employees working across 6 regional offices and 150 country offices, with headquarters in Geneva. WHO aims to direct and coordinate global health efforts, and supports countries through establishing offices, advising on health policies, and responding to disease outbreaks like Ebola and Nipah virus. Key parts of WHO include the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and inspections to ensure Good Manufacturing Practice compliance of pharmaceutical facilities.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations agency responsible for global public health. It was established in 1948 and is governed by 192 member states. WHO sets global health standards and guidelines, provides technical support to countries, monitors health trends, and works with partners to promote health and strengthen health systems globally. It aims to guide worldwide health efforts, set health standards, and help governments strengthen their national health programs.
World Health Organization, its role in solving population's health problemsEneutron
The World Health Organization (WHO) works to solve global health problems and aims to help all people reach their highest level of health. It coordinates international health activities, provides technical assistance to countries, and conducts research. WHO focuses on issues like healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, disease prevention and control, and essential medical services, with a goal of health for all by the 21st century. Key groups WHO works to help include the disadvantaged, vulnerable, elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It provides leadership on global health issues, shapes the health research agenda, and sets international standards. The WHO aims to address both social and economic determinants of health as well as promote environmental health and disease prevention. It is currently focused on priorities like HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases, and responding to health crises such as the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote global public health. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO currently has 194 member states and works to attain a level of health that allows people to lead productive lives. It is organized into the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and Secretariat. The World Health Assembly acts as the legislative and supreme body that sets policies, while the Executive Board implements decisions and the Secretariat carries out WHO's work.
WHO is working to ensure that everyone has access to quality health care.
In many countries, there is little money available to spend on health. This
results in inadequate hospitals and clinics, a short supply of essential
medicines and equipment, and a critical shortage of health workers.
Worse, in some parts of the world, large numbers of health workers are
dying from the very diseases which they are trying to prevent and treat.
WHO works with countries to help them plan, educate and manage the
health workforce, for example, by advising on policies to recruit and retain
people working in health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a global organization that aims to attain the highest level of health for all people. It has a governing body called the World Health Assembly and over 8,000 staff working across headquarters and regional offices. Since 1999, WHO has applied an organizational learning cycle of generating information, integrating new information, collectively interpreting information, and authorizing actions based on interpretations. This allows WHO to continuously improve its response to global health issues through knowledge sharing and management.
This document provides information about the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses that WHO was established in 1948 and is a specialized UN agency that coordinates international public health. Its headquarters are in Geneva. Membership is open to all countries and there are currently 194 member states. The key structures of WHO are the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and Secretariat. It also outlines WHO's agenda, role, publications, and important world health days.
The document provides an overview of the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses that WHO is a specialized UN agency focused on international public health. It has over 7,000 employees working across 6 regional offices and 150 country offices, with headquarters in Geneva. WHO aims to direct and coordinate global health efforts, and supports countries through establishing offices, advising on health policies, and responding to disease outbreaks like Ebola and Nipah virus. Key parts of WHO include the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and inspections to ensure Good Manufacturing Practice compliance of pharmaceutical facilities.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations agency responsible for global public health. It was established in 1948 and is governed by 192 member states. WHO sets global health standards and guidelines, provides technical support to countries, monitors health trends, and works with partners to promote health and strengthen health systems globally. It aims to guide worldwide health efforts, set health standards, and help governments strengthen their national health programs.
World Health Organization, its role in solving population's health problemsEneutron
The World Health Organization (WHO) works to solve global health problems and aims to help all people reach their highest level of health. It coordinates international health activities, provides technical assistance to countries, and conducts research. WHO focuses on issues like healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, disease prevention and control, and essential medical services, with a goal of health for all by the 21st century. Key groups WHO works to help include the disadvantaged, vulnerable, elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It provides leadership on global health issues, shapes the health research agenda, and sets international standards. The WHO aims to address both social and economic determinants of health as well as promote environmental health and disease prevention. It is currently focused on priorities like HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases, and responding to health crises such as the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote global public health. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO currently has 194 member states and works to attain a level of health that allows people to lead productive lives. It is organized into the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and Secretariat. The World Health Assembly acts as the legislative and supreme body that sets policies, while the Executive Board implements decisions and the Secretariat carries out WHO's work.
Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. The WHO, established in 1948 and headquartered in Geneva, is comprised of 194 member states and works to eradicate diseases, conduct research, and provide medical information through its Executive Board and Secretariat. While the WHO has faced some controversies over funding and policy suggestions, it has ultimately succeeded in fighting diseases like smallpox and polio, and continues to address emerging health situations and make progress in research.
The World Health Organization (WHO) was founded on April 7, 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote health worldwide. It began with international sanitary conferences in the 19th century to help reduce disease and improve cooperation between countries. WHO aims to improve global health, attain the highest level of health for all people, and lead international health within the UN system. It has over 150 country and regional offices and works on issues like health emergencies, noncommunicable diseases, health systems, and health promotion.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote health globally. It was established in 1948 and currently has 192 member states. WHO aims to help people attain the highest level of health and leads efforts to shape the global health agenda, set health standards and policies, provide technical support to countries, and monitor health trends worldwide. It is organized into six regions and has a structure that includes the World Health Assembly as its supreme decision-making body, an Executive Board, and a Secretariat led by the Director General.
WHO is a specialised non political health agency of the united nations and it is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the united nations system
This document summarizes the structure and history of the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes WHO as a specialized UN agency focused on international public health. The WHO was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It works through six regional offices and has over 8000 employees from over 150 countries. The document then briefly outlines WHO's historical origins from international health conferences in the 19th century to its current role coordinating global public health initiatives and setting health standards.
Brock Chisholm was born in Canada in 1896 and fought in World War I and World War II, holding a high medical position in the Canadian Army. In 1946, he became the Executive Secretary of the Interim Commission of the World Health Organisation and in 1948 was voted as the WHO's first Director-General. Under Chisholm's leadership, the WHO was established in 1948 with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and has since helped eradicate smallpox and reduce deaths from diseases like measles and tuberculosis through global vaccination initiatives.
1. The document discusses integrating occupational health and primary care to improve workers' health.
2. Key points include workers' health being integral to overall health, targeting those most at risk first for universal coverage, and involving stakeholders in policy development.
3. The conference aimed to explore how occupational health can be delivered in primary care contexts through local strategies, training, and empowering workers and communities.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote global public health. It provides leadership on health matters, sets international health standards and guidelines, and monitors health trends worldwide. WHO aims to address major health challenges like achieving the Millennium Development Goals, preventing and treating chronic diseases, and strengthening health systems globally. It carries out its work with support from 193 member states and other partners through activities focused on health development, security, and performance improvement.
The document provides background information on euthanasia and its current status around the world. It defines euthanasia as hastening death to prevent suffering from an incurable disease. While some countries have legalized certain forms of euthanasia, it remains illegal in many places and is still controversial. The document outlines the history of euthanasia and different country positions, including how some have legalized voluntary euthanasia while opposing non-voluntary or active euthanasia. It also notes increasing support for euthanasia rights but continuing ethical debates.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO aims to attain the highest level of health for all people worldwide. It fulfills this mission through setting norms and standards, monitoring health issues, providing technical support to countries, and producing valuable guidance and research.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was established in 1948 to promote global public health. WHO aims to attain the highest level of health for all people by leading international efforts to combat disease and improve health services. It has 194 member countries and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO focuses on maternal and child health, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, universal health coverage, and health systems development.
This document provides an introduction to the World Health Organization (WHO) and global health topics. It discusses WHO's role, structure, regions, and topics addressed at its annual World Health Assembly (WHA). Key points include:
- WHO was established in 1948 and currently has 194 member states. It is focused on global health issues beyond the capacity of individual countries.
- WHO is headed by the WHA and Executive Board and led by the Director-General. It has 150 offices across 6 regions.
- The WHA agenda in 2016 included items on non-communicable diseases, tobacco control, Millennium Development Goals, and universal health coverage.
- Taiwan participates in WHO as a
- The World Health Organization (WHO) was established on April 7, 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
- WHO is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters and its vision is the attainment of the highest level of health for all people.
- The organization works on prevention and control of diseases, development of health services, and cooperation with other organizations.
who and other public health organisations Bala Vidyadhar
The document provides information on the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other health organizations in public healthcare. It discusses the history of international cooperation on healthcare issues dating back to 1851. It then describes the establishment of WHO in 1948 and its objectives to promote public health worldwide. The summary outlines WHO's structure, membership, programs, and collaboration with other international bodies to improve global health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works on international public health issues. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO plays a leading role in eradicating diseases like smallpox and currently focuses on HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. It is responsible for the World Health Report and works to improve health globally.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the leading international health organization. It provides global leadership on health matters, develops guidelines and standards to improve health, and monitors health trends worldwide. The document outlines WHO's objectives in creating guidelines to reduce disease burden and promote health across various areas like communicable diseases, nutrition, patient safety, and more. It then lists numerous specific WHO guidelines related to topics like child health, chronic diseases, HIV/AIDS, maternal health, and tuberculosis.
World Health Organization 2008 - Primary Health Care: Now More Than EverNick Jacobs
Why a renewal of primary health care (PHC), and why now, more than ever? Globalization is putting the social cohesion of many countries under stress, and health systems are clearly not performing as well as they could and should. People are increasingly impatient with the inability of health services to deliver. Few would disagree that health systems need to respond better – and faster – to the challenges of a rapidly changing world.
Neck pain is usually caused by muscle strains from poor posture or overuse, worn joints from osteoarthritis, or nerve compression from issues like herniated discs. Symptoms include neck pain worsened by movement and muscle tightness. Most cases are treated with over-the-counter medications, physical therapy, heat/cold therapy, and exercise. Rarely, imaging tests may be needed or injections, surgery, or other procedures to address nerve or spinal issues. Maintaining good posture and taking breaks from prolonged sitting can help prevent neck pain.
WHO is working to ensure that everyone has access to quality health care.
In many countries, there is little money available to spend on health. This results in inadequate hospitals and clinics, a short supply of essential
medicines and equipment, and a critical shortage of health workers. Worse, in some parts of the world, large numbers of health workers are
dying from the very diseases which they are trying to prevent and treat.
WHO works with countries to help them plan, educate and manage the
health workforce, for example, by advising on policies to recruit and retain
people working in health.
Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. The WHO, established in 1948 and headquartered in Geneva, is comprised of 194 member states and works to eradicate diseases, conduct research, and provide medical information through its Executive Board and Secretariat. While the WHO has faced some controversies over funding and policy suggestions, it has ultimately succeeded in fighting diseases like smallpox and polio, and continues to address emerging health situations and make progress in research.
The World Health Organization (WHO) was founded on April 7, 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote health worldwide. It began with international sanitary conferences in the 19th century to help reduce disease and improve cooperation between countries. WHO aims to improve global health, attain the highest level of health for all people, and lead international health within the UN system. It has over 150 country and regional offices and works on issues like health emergencies, noncommunicable diseases, health systems, and health promotion.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote health globally. It was established in 1948 and currently has 192 member states. WHO aims to help people attain the highest level of health and leads efforts to shape the global health agenda, set health standards and policies, provide technical support to countries, and monitor health trends worldwide. It is organized into six regions and has a structure that includes the World Health Assembly as its supreme decision-making body, an Executive Board, and a Secretariat led by the Director General.
WHO is a specialised non political health agency of the united nations and it is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the united nations system
This document summarizes the structure and history of the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes WHO as a specialized UN agency focused on international public health. The WHO was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It works through six regional offices and has over 8000 employees from over 150 countries. The document then briefly outlines WHO's historical origins from international health conferences in the 19th century to its current role coordinating global public health initiatives and setting health standards.
Brock Chisholm was born in Canada in 1896 and fought in World War I and World War II, holding a high medical position in the Canadian Army. In 1946, he became the Executive Secretary of the Interim Commission of the World Health Organisation and in 1948 was voted as the WHO's first Director-General. Under Chisholm's leadership, the WHO was established in 1948 with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and has since helped eradicate smallpox and reduce deaths from diseases like measles and tuberculosis through global vaccination initiatives.
1. The document discusses integrating occupational health and primary care to improve workers' health.
2. Key points include workers' health being integral to overall health, targeting those most at risk first for universal coverage, and involving stakeholders in policy development.
3. The conference aimed to explore how occupational health can be delivered in primary care contexts through local strategies, training, and empowering workers and communities.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to promote global public health. It provides leadership on health matters, sets international health standards and guidelines, and monitors health trends worldwide. WHO aims to address major health challenges like achieving the Millennium Development Goals, preventing and treating chronic diseases, and strengthening health systems globally. It carries out its work with support from 193 member states and other partners through activities focused on health development, security, and performance improvement.
The document provides background information on euthanasia and its current status around the world. It defines euthanasia as hastening death to prevent suffering from an incurable disease. While some countries have legalized certain forms of euthanasia, it remains illegal in many places and is still controversial. The document outlines the history of euthanasia and different country positions, including how some have legalized voluntary euthanasia while opposing non-voluntary or active euthanasia. It also notes increasing support for euthanasia rights but continuing ethical debates.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO aims to attain the highest level of health for all people worldwide. It fulfills this mission through setting norms and standards, monitoring health issues, providing technical support to countries, and producing valuable guidance and research.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was established in 1948 to promote global public health. WHO aims to attain the highest level of health for all people by leading international efforts to combat disease and improve health services. It has 194 member countries and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO focuses on maternal and child health, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, universal health coverage, and health systems development.
This document provides an introduction to the World Health Organization (WHO) and global health topics. It discusses WHO's role, structure, regions, and topics addressed at its annual World Health Assembly (WHA). Key points include:
- WHO was established in 1948 and currently has 194 member states. It is focused on global health issues beyond the capacity of individual countries.
- WHO is headed by the WHA and Executive Board and led by the Director-General. It has 150 offices across 6 regions.
- The WHA agenda in 2016 included items on non-communicable diseases, tobacco control, Millennium Development Goals, and universal health coverage.
- Taiwan participates in WHO as a
- The World Health Organization (WHO) was established on April 7, 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
- WHO is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters and its vision is the attainment of the highest level of health for all people.
- The organization works on prevention and control of diseases, development of health services, and cooperation with other organizations.
who and other public health organisations Bala Vidyadhar
The document provides information on the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other health organizations in public healthcare. It discusses the history of international cooperation on healthcare issues dating back to 1851. It then describes the establishment of WHO in 1948 and its objectives to promote public health worldwide. The summary outlines WHO's structure, membership, programs, and collaboration with other international bodies to improve global health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works on international public health issues. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO plays a leading role in eradicating diseases like smallpox and currently focuses on HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. It is responsible for the World Health Report and works to improve health globally.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the leading international health organization. It provides global leadership on health matters, develops guidelines and standards to improve health, and monitors health trends worldwide. The document outlines WHO's objectives in creating guidelines to reduce disease burden and promote health across various areas like communicable diseases, nutrition, patient safety, and more. It then lists numerous specific WHO guidelines related to topics like child health, chronic diseases, HIV/AIDS, maternal health, and tuberculosis.
World Health Organization 2008 - Primary Health Care: Now More Than EverNick Jacobs
Why a renewal of primary health care (PHC), and why now, more than ever? Globalization is putting the social cohesion of many countries under stress, and health systems are clearly not performing as well as they could and should. People are increasingly impatient with the inability of health services to deliver. Few would disagree that health systems need to respond better – and faster – to the challenges of a rapidly changing world.
Neck pain is usually caused by muscle strains from poor posture or overuse, worn joints from osteoarthritis, or nerve compression from issues like herniated discs. Symptoms include neck pain worsened by movement and muscle tightness. Most cases are treated with over-the-counter medications, physical therapy, heat/cold therapy, and exercise. Rarely, imaging tests may be needed or injections, surgery, or other procedures to address nerve or spinal issues. Maintaining good posture and taking breaks from prolonged sitting can help prevent neck pain.
WHO is working to ensure that everyone has access to quality health care.
In many countries, there is little money available to spend on health. This results in inadequate hospitals and clinics, a short supply of essential
medicines and equipment, and a critical shortage of health workers. Worse, in some parts of the world, large numbers of health workers are
dying from the very diseases which they are trying to prevent and treat.
WHO works with countries to help them plan, educate and manage the
health workforce, for example, by advising on policies to recruit and retain
people working in health.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed. Explica cómo analizar las palabras clave del tema, traducir los términos al lenguaje documental usando un tesauro, y utilizar operadores booleanos como "AND", "OR" y "NOT" para una búsqueda más específica. Además, detalla los pasos a seguir como seleccionar artículos de revisión, limitar la fecha de publicación, elegir el idioma, y encontrar el texto completo del documento deseado
The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and works to coordinate international efforts to improve health globally. The WHO aims to provide leadership on global health matters and attain the highest level of health for all people. It is governed by the World Health Assembly and Executive Board and divided into 6 regions and 14 technical divisions at its secretariat. The WHO works to combat diseases, improve health quality and lifespan worldwide, and support countries' health systems and services.
Building Personalized Data Products with DatoTuri, Inc.
This document discusses building personalized data products and recommender systems using implicit and explicit user data. It describes how recommender systems work by using matrix factorization to learn latent factors about users and items from interaction data in order to predict ratings and rankings to drive personalized recommendations. The document also notes that recommender systems are commonly used by Netflix, Spotify, LinkedIn and Facebook to power personalized experiences and that even small improvements in recommendation quality can lead to significant business value.
Leveraging data science to keep commerce safeTuri, Inc.
Alan Krumholz, a principal data scientist at G2, discusses how G2 leverages data science to monitor websites and merchants to help keep commerce safe and profitable. G2 has over a decade of data from tens of millions of merchants and hundreds of millions of websites, totaling over a billion data points. Originally monitoring sites for compliance issues directly resulted in a high 52% false positive rate, but moving to a more sophisticated model reduced the false positive rate to a much lower 3-13%. By combining proprietary G2 data with third party data, G2 can now predict the likelihood of a violation with 99% accuracy and 85% precision to help make efficient and cost effective decisions about merchants and websites.
This document provides a summary of Sarah Jane Limbo Par's qualifications for a job. She has a Bachelor's degree in Tourism Management and 1 year of experience working in the hotel industry in Hong Kong. She is fluent in English and Filipino and has internship experience in different roles in the tourism and hospitality industry, including as a tourist guide and hotel butler. She lists her education history, skills, awards, expected salary, and references.
La empresa busca posicionarse como líder en el mercado político en América del Sur a través de la promoción ética de liderazgos políticos a nivel regional y local, respetando la confidencialidad de los clientes y comprometiéndose a utilizar todos los recursos disponibles para lograr los objetivos deseados de manera responsable.
Project Management Institute (PMI) is one of the world’s largest professional membership associations, with half a million members and credential holders in more than 185 countries. It is a not-for- profit organization that advances the project management profession through globally recognized standards and certifications, collaborative communities, an extensive research program, and professional development opportunities. Since founding in 1969, it has been at the forefront of working with business to create project management standards and techniques that work.
Story Spaces is a platform that lets the diaspora to donate recordings of children's stories for distribution to UNICEF workers.
UNICEF workers will use these stories to help create safe spaces for children in times of stress and conflict.
The United Nations was founded in 1945 to replace the ineffective League of Nations and focus on global peace and security. The UN works to keep peace, provide humanitarian aid during emergencies, fight poverty through development projects, protect the environment, and improve health and education. UNICEF was founded a year later by the UN to focus on the well-being of women and children in developing countries. UNICEF's goals include eradicating poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, reducing child and maternal mortality, and combating diseases like HIV/AIDS and malaria.
The document discusses efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, including reducing child mortality and improving maternal health. It outlines challenges like climate change and the need to increase financing. An equity-focused approach is needed to reach all groups, especially the most vulnerable and deprived children.
The United Nations was founded in 1945 to replace the ineffective League of Nations and focus on global peace and security. The UN works to keep peace, provide humanitarian aid during emergencies, fight poverty through development projects, protect the environment, and improve health and education. UNICEF was founded a year later by the UN to focus on women's and children's well-being. UNICEF aims to achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality, reduce child and maternal mortality, combat diseases like AIDS and malaria, and meet other goals by 2015.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations that provides leadership on global health matters, sets health standards and policies, and monitors health trends worldwide. WHO runs programs to eliminate diseases like leprosy and dengue and hopes these actions will help those in need and make the earth healthier. WHO was formed in 1948 when diplomats met to establish the UN and its constitution coming into force on April 7th, which is now celebrated as World Health Day. WHO's efforts have contributed to a 40% reduction in tuberculosis deaths between 1990 and 2010.
The document discusses the World Health Organization (WHO), including that it provides leadership on global health issues, sets health standards and policies, and monitors health trends to help countries. It describes WHO programs that aim to eliminate diseases like leprosy and dengue, as well as the organization's role in establishing global health when the UN was formed. The summary concludes that WHO has helped reduce tuberculosis deaths by 40% between 1990 and 2010.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Its goals are to help people attain the highest level of health and to improve health worldwide. WHO works directly with countries to prevent and control diseases, develop health systems, promote health through the family, ensure environmental health, provide health statistics, conduct biomedical research, and disseminate health information. It is governed by the World Health Assembly, Executive Board, and Secretariat.
This document defines self-care and outlines strategies to promote it. Self-care includes maintaining health, treating minor ailments, and managing long-term conditions with support from healthcare professionals. The government and NHS aim to shift responsibility for health to individuals through self-care. Nurses need methods to influence health behaviors and facilitate self-care goals. Strategies include health promotion, behavioral changes, screening, and prevention. Factors like comorbidities, depression, and poor health literacy can make self-care difficult, while a healthy lifestyle, education, and support can promote it.
This document discusses various statutory and regulatory bodies related to nursing. It defines statutory and regulatory bodies as organizations established by law to regulate an area of activity.
It provides examples of international regulatory bodies like the International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the American Nurses Association (ANA), as well as national regulatory bodies in India like the Indian Nursing Council (INC) and the Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI).
The roles of these regulatory bodies are outlined as setting standards for nursing education and practice, maintaining nursing registration requirements, and ensuring quality healthcare. Key activities include accrediting educational programs, providing certification, and influencing health policy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the directing and coordinating authority on international health within the United Nations system. WHO was established on April 7, 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO aims to attain the highest level of health for all people by providing leadership on global health issues, shaping research agendas, and setting international health standards and guidelines. WHO conducts field work and has projects focused on a variety of health areas including cancer, immunization, and sexually transmitted diseases. Through monitoring health conditions, data collection, and initiatives in countries around the world, WHO works to aid those in need and raise awareness of major diseases.
The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations to further international cooperation for improved public health conditions. The WHO aims to attain the highest level of health for all people. It is headquartered in Geneva and works through regional offices to provide support to member states on health programs, research, and disease prevention/control. Major efforts include eradicating smallpox and polio, and controlling diseases like Ebola, tuberculosis, and AIDS.
The document summarizes the 9 global conferences on health promotion organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) from 1986 to 2016. It provides details on the objectives, outcomes and key strategies discussed at each conference. The conferences established concepts of health promotion, examined determinants of health and healthy public policies, and addressed issues like inequalities, globalization and environmental changes in the context of health promotion. They resulted in declarations and charters that guide WHO's work and call member states to make health promotion a priority and implement multisectoral actions to improve population health.
The emergence of the concept of "International Health." Traces back to the pre/post world war period and how it impacted the formation of various international health organization for various strata of the society.
The document summarizes the history and development of international health agencies. It discusses how diseases spread internationally led to the establishment of early international conferences and organizations focused on quarantine measures from the 1850s. This included the founding of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau in 1902 and the Office International D'Hygiene Publique in 1907. After World War I and II, the League of Nations and United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration helped coordinate international health work. This ultimately led to the establishment of the World Health Organization in 1948 as the first worldwide intergovernmental health agency. The document then discusses the objectives, structure, funding, work, and publications of the WHO.
The document discusses several international health organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and non-governmental organizations like the Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, and International Red Cross. It provides details on the objectives, structure, work, and roles of these organizations in global health and development.
The document discusses the World Health Organization (WHO), which is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to attain the highest level of health for all people. Some key details provided include:
- WHO works with countries and other organizations to promote health, keep track of diseases, and develop standards for drugs.
- It has 193 member states and aims to provide health education and services to promote public health.
- Important WHO functions are controlling diseases, improving family health, and maintaining environmental health.
The document discusses designing health systems to promote health. It defines health promotion as enabling people to increase control over their health according to the WHO. It also discusses the five elements of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion: building healthy public policy, reorienting health services, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, and developing personal skills. The document also defines health systems and discusses how their functions support health promotion goals. It provides strategies for planning health promotion programs and designing health services to promote health in primary care, hospitals, and other residential care settings.
International health, also called geographic medicine, international medicine, or global health, is a field of health care, usually with a public health emphasis, dealing with health across regional or national boundaries.
International Health Organisations.pptxMALATESHUNDI1
The document discusses various international and bilateral health organizations. It begins by providing a brief overview of the World Health Organization (WHO), including its history, objectives, membership, structure, and work. It then summarizes several other major health agencies, including UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, FAO, ILO, and the World Bank. The document concludes by outlining the health work of some bilateral agencies and describing the roles of several non-governmental organizations in global health, such as the Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, CARE, and the International Red Cross.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was established on April 7, 1948 with a goal of attaining the highest level of health for all people. WHO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and works through 6 regional offices to coordinate global health initiatives, set health standards and guidelines, and monitor health trends worldwide. WHO aims to promote health, keep smallpox eradicated, and reduce illnesses, disabilities and deaths caused by diseases.
The document provides an overview of international health organizations and their roles. It discusses the history of international cooperation on health issues dating back to 1851. It describes the structure and functions of major intergovernmental organizations like WHO, World Bank, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, UNAIDS, as well as examples of bilateral agencies (SIDA, DANIDA) and non-governmental organizations (Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, CARE, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) involved in global health. It also outlines WHO's role and collaboration with India on various national health programs.
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NEEDLE STICK INJURY - JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION - DR SHAMIN EABENSON
World health organization - Nikhil - HRM, Welingkar
1.
2. Introduction
• Specialized, non political health agency of United nations
• Concerned with international public health
• Headquarters at Geneva, Switzerland
• Established on 7th April, 1948
• Head of WHO - Margaret Chan, Director General
• 7th April - World Health day
• 2014/2015 proposed budget of the WHO is about US$4 billion
• 61 countries on 22 July 1946 signed constitute of WHO
3. History
When diplomats met to form the United
Nations in 1945, one of the things they
discussed was setting up a global health
organization.
• First International Sanitary Conference
(1851)
• Pan American Sanitary Bureau (1902)
• The health organization of the league of
nations (1923)
• UNRA (1943)
• International health conference (1946)
Turkish doctor
inoculates child against
TB, 1970s
8. WHO Role
1) Providing Leadership and engage in joint action
2) Shaping research agenda
3) Setting norms and Standards, promoting, monitoring and
implementation
4) Ethical and evidence based policy
5) Providing technical support, catalyzing change
6) Building sustainable institutional capacity
7) Monitoring health and assessing health trends
9. WHO People and Offices
More than 7000 people from more than
150 countries work for the Organization
in 150 WHO offices.
In addition to medical doctors, public
health specialists, scientists and
epidemiologists, WHO staff include
people trained to manage
administrative, financial, and
information systems, as well as experts
in the fields of health statistics,
economics and emergency relief.
12. Human Resources development planning:
• Is time-consuming, not a "one-shot deal"
• Mandate for multi-sectoral involvement from high-level
• Participation of high-level decision-makers
• Training in human resources development planning
• Review of human resources development, documents the
number, type, job profile etc.
• Should result in a prioritized list of concrete activities
• A proposed timeline and a budget which can be used in drafting
funding proposals
• Should provide an institutionalized mechanism and clear
opportunities for ongoing inter-sectoral participation.
14. General Policies and Guidelines
• Access to Employee Personnel
Files
• Alertline
• Disabilities Resources and
Services• Environmental, Health and
Safety• Extreme Weather Conditions
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations.
The constitution of the World Health Organization had been signed by 61 countries on 22 July 1946, with the first meeting of the World Health Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948. It incorporated the Office international d'hygiène publique and the League of Nations Health Organization. Since its creation, it has played a leading role in the eradication of smallpox. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, in particular HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; the mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases; sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging; nutrition, food security and healthy eating; occupational health; substance abuse; and driving the development of reporting, publications, and networking.
The WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, a leading international publication on health, the worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day (7 April of every year). The head of WHO is Margaret Chan.
The 2014/2015 proposed budget of the WHO is about US$4 billion.[1] About US$930 million are to be provided by member states with a further US$3 billion to be from voluntary contributions.[1]
Establishment -
During the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization, Dr. Szeming Sze, a delegate from China, conferred with Norwegian and Brazilian delegates on creating an international health organization under the auspices of the new United Nations. After failing to get a resolution passed on the subject, Alger Hiss, the Secretary General of the conference, recommended using a declaration to establish such an organization. Dr. Sze and other delegates lobbied and a declaration passed calling for an international conference on health.[2] The use of the word "world", rather than "international", emphasized the truly global nature of what the organization was seeking to achieve.[3] The constitution of the World Health Organization was signed by all 51 countries of the United Nations, and by 10 other countries, on 22 July 1946.[4] It thus became the first specialised agency of the United Nations to which every member subscribed.[5] Its constitution formally came into force on the first World Health Day on 7 April 1948, when it was ratified by the 26th member state.[4] The first meeting of the World Health Assembly finished on 24 July 1948, having secured a budget of US$5 million (then GB£1,250,000) for the 1949 year. Andrija Stampar was the Assembly's first president, and G. Brock Chisholm was appointed Director-General of WHO, having served as Executive Secretary during the planning stages.[3] Its first priorities were to control the spread of malaria, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections, and to improve maternal and child health, nutrition and environmental hygiene. Its first legislative act was concerning the compilation of accurate statistics on the spread and morbidity of disease.[3] The logo of the World Health Organization features the Rod of Asclepius as a symbol for healing.[6]
Operational history[edit]
IT established an epidemiological information service via telex in 1947, and by 1950 a mass tuberculosis inoculation drive (using the BCG vaccine) was under way. In 1955, the malaria eradication programme was launched, although it was later altered in objective. 1965 saw the first report on diabetes mellitus and the creation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO moved into its headquarters building in 1966. The Expanded Programme on Immunization was started in 1974, as was the control programme into onchocerciasis – an important partnership between the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and World Bank. In the following year, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases was also launched. In 1976, the World Health Assembly voted to enact a resolution on Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, with a focus on community-driven care. The first list of essential medicines was drawn up in 1977, and a year later the ambitious goal of "health for all" was declared. In 1986, WHO started its global programme on the growing problem of HIV/AIDS, followed two years later by additional attention on preventing discrimination against sufferers and UNAIDS was formed in 1996. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was established in 1988.[7]
In 1958, Viktor Zhdanov, Deputy Minister of Health for the USSR, called on the World Health Assembly to undertake a global initiative to eradicate smallpox, resulting in Resolution WHA11.54.[8] At this point, 2 million people were dying from smallpox every year. In 1967, the World Health Organization intensified the global smallpox eradication by contributing $2.4 million annually to the effort and adopted a new disease surveillance method.[9][10] The initial problem the WHO team faced was inadequate reporting of smallpox cases. WHO established a network of consultants who assisted countries in setting up surveillance and containment activities.[11] The WHO also helped contain the last European outbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972.[12] After over two decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.[13]
In 1998, WHO's Director General highlighted gains in child survival, reduced infant mortality, increased life expectancy and reduced rates of "scourges" such as smallpox and polio on the fiftieth anniversary of WHO's founding. He, did, however, accept that more had to be done to assist maternal health and that progress in this area had been slow.[14]Cholera and malaria have remained problems since WHO's founding, although in decline for a large part of that period.[15] In the twenty-first century, the Stop TB Partnership was created in 2000, along with the UN's formulation of the Millennium Development Goals. The Measles initiative was formed in 2001, and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68% by 2007. In 2002, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was drawn up to improve the resources available.[7] In 2006, the organization endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe, which formed the basis for a global prevention, treatment and support plan to fight the AIDS pandemic.
IT established an epidemiological information service via telex in 1947, and by 1950 a mass tuberculosis inoculation drive (using the BCG vaccine) was under way. In 1955, the malaria eradication programme was launched, although it was later altered in objective. 1965 saw the first report on diabetes mellitus and the creation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO moved into its headquarters building in 1966. The Expanded Programme on Immunization was started in 1974, as was the control programme into onchocerciasis – an important partnership between the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and World Bank. In the following year, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases was also launched. In 1976, the World Health Assembly voted to enact a resolution on Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, with a focus on community-driven care. The first list of essential medicines was drawn up in 1977, and a year later the ambitious goal of "health for all" was declared. In 1986, WHO started its global programme on the growing problem of HIV/AIDS, followed two years later by additional attention on preventing discrimination against sufferers and UNAIDS was formed in 1996. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was established in 1988.[7]
In 1958, Viktor Zhdanov, Deputy Minister of Health for the USSR, called on the World Health Assembly to undertake a global initiative to eradicate smallpox, resulting in Resolution WHA11.54.[8] At this point, 2 million people were dying from smallpox every year. In 1967, the World Health Organization intensified the global smallpox eradication by contributing $2.4 million annually to the effort and adopted a new disease surveillance method.[9][10] The initial problem the WHO team faced was inadequate reporting of smallpox cases. WHO established a network of consultants who assisted countries in setting up surveillance and containment activities.[11] The WHO also helped contain the last European outbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972.[12] After over two decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.[13]
In 1998, WHO's Director General highlighted gains in child survival, reduced infant mortality, increased life expectancy and reduced rates of "scourges" such as smallpox and polio on the fiftieth anniversary of WHO's founding. He, did, however, accept that more had to be done to assist maternal health and that progress in this area had been slow.[14]Cholera and malaria have remained problems since WHO's founding, although in decline for a large part of that period.[15] In the twenty-first century, the Stop TB Partnership was created in 2000, along with the UN's formulation of the Millennium Development Goals. The Measles initiative was formed in 2001, and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68% by 2007. In 2002, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was drawn up to improve the resources available.[7] In 2006, the organization endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe, which formed the basis for a global prevention, treatment and support plan to fight the AIDS pandemic.
WHO currently defines its role in public health as follows:[18]
providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;
shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge;[19]
setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity; and
monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
The head of the organization is the Director-General, elected by the World Health Assembly.[73] The current Director-General is Margaret Chan, who was first appointed on 9 November 2006[83] and confirmed for a second term until the end of June 2017.[84]
WHO employs 7000 people in 150 countries.[85] In support of the principle of a tobacco-free work environment the WHO does not recruit cigarette smokers.[86] The organization has previously instigated the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2003.[87]
The WHO operates "Goodwill Ambassadors", members of the arts, sport or other fields of public life aimed at drawing attention to WHO's initiatives and projects. There are currently five Goodwill Ambassadors (Jet Li, Nancy Brinker, Peng Liyuan, Yohei Sasakawa and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra) and a further ambassador associated with a partnership project (Craig David).[88]
Regional offices
The regional divisions of WHO were created between 1949 and 1952, and are based on article 44 of WHO's constitution, which allowed the WHO to "establish a [single] regional organization to meet the special needs of [each defined] area". Many decisions are made at regional level, including important discussions over WHO's budget, and in deciding the members of the next assembly, which are designated by the regions.[74]
Each region has a Regional Committee, which generally meets once a year, normally in the autumn. Representatives attend from each member or associative member in each region, including those states that are not fully recognised. For example, Palestine attends meetings of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional office. Each region also has a regional office.[74] Each Regional Office is headed by a Regional Director, who is elected by the Regional Committee. The Board must approve such appointments, although as of 2004, it had never overruled the preference of a regional committee. The exact role of the board in the process has been a subject of debate, but the practical effect has always been small.[74] Since 1999, Regional Directors serve for a once-renewable five-year term.[75]
Each Regional Committee of the WHO consists of all the Health Department heads, in all the governments of the countries that constitute the Region. Aside from electing the Regional Director, the Regional Committee is also in charge of setting the guidelines for the implementation, within the region, of the health and other policies adopted by the World Health Assembly. The Regional Committee also serves as a progress review board for the actions of WHO within the Region.
The Regional Director is effectively the head of WHO for his or her Region. The RD manages and/or supervises a staff of health and other experts at the regional offices and in specialized centers. The RD is also the direct supervising authority—concomitantly with the WHO Director-General—of all the heads of WHO country offices, known as WHO Representatives, within the Region.
Guidelines for human resources planning in environmental and occupational health
Executive summary
Human resources development in environmental and occupational health has been a priority of WHO for many years. Specific initiatives in human resources development have included education and training programmes for government officials on topics such as drinking water supply and sanitation technologies, hazardous waste management, environmental epidemiology and chemical safety, as well as the development of educational materials and reference texts. With the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, came a new orientation towards national planning aimed at guaranteeing the necessary capacity to identify, manage and prevent environmental problems and to promote sustainable development.
In this context, WHO began to focus on more comprehensive approaches to capacitybuilding, which could include the development of institutional infrastructure, a legal framework, enforcement mechanisms and the necessary human resources. Examples of such approaches are a project to help countries incorporate initiatives on health and the environment into their development planning, the production of national profiles on the sound management of chemicals, and the promotion of national planning for human resources development in environmental and occupational health. The latter approach is the subject of this document.
This document describes a methodology for planning of human resources development in environmental and occupational health which was field-tested in Cuba, Mexico and South Africa between 1994 and 1996. In addition to outlining the rationale for such planning and the recommended steps in the planning process, the country case studies are discussed in detail with a focus on the ingredients for successful implementation in future.
Chapter 1 highlights the incentives for developing a national human resources development plan which includes the documentation of existing personnel and training opportunities, and creation of a mechanism for producing and maintaining the necessary skills and expertise for environmental and occupational health management. Human resources development plans also provide a framework for funding proposals to support national capacity-building. Environmental and occupational human resources development are linked since the same general knowledge and expertise are required to assess and control hazards in both environments. The training of personnel and the services they ultimately provide must be coordinated in order to ensure that problems are not simply transferred from the workplace to the general environment and vice versa.
Chapter 2 defines human resources development planning as an approach to determine how best to produce, deploy and use human resources in the right numbers, with the right skills, attitudes and motivation and at the right cost to perform environmental/occupational health functions. It provides a brief introduction to different strategies for workforce planning, or for defining the number and type of personnel needed, on the basis of their functions, required knowledge and competencies, or job category. Details on how to implement each of these strategies can be found in the annotated references.
Chapter 3 describes the steps in human resources planning which may in some Guidelines on human resources planning 2 countries be combined or carried out in a different order, depending on national or subnational needs and priorities. Although there is no standard formula, most approaches include: identifying partners in health, environment, labour, education and other sectors who have a stake in human resources development in environmental and occupational health; establishing a working group to guide the planning process; assessing existing human resources development resources, services and unmet needs; holding national forums or workshops on the issue; preparing a draft plan; reviewing, ratifying and implementing the plan; and ongoing monitoring and evaluation. Highlights of this chapter include guidelines on what to include in a country review and training institution survey.
Chapters 4 and 5 focus on country experiences in implementing the human resources development planning process and on the lessons learned. Sample interview and survey formats developed by the project countries are included in the appendices. Problems common to all project countries included a fragmented legislative framework, inadequate training programmes (in terms of content, methodology, access, preparation of teachers, etc.) lack of intersectoral cooperation and insufficient planning.
While the planning process was advanced in all countries, some of the important lessons learned are summarized below.
Human resources development planning:
is time-consuming, not a "one-shot deal", and, therefore, must be integrated into ongoing development planning;
requires a clear mandate for multisectoral involvement from high-level government authorities;
requires the participation of high-level decision-makers from all sectors involved in the planning process;
requires training in human resources development planning for those leading and participating in the planning process;
requires a review of human resources development which is adequately funded and documents the number, type, job profile and distribution of personnel and training institutions;
should result in a prioritized list of concrete activities, a proposed timeline and a budget which can be used in drafting funding proposals;
should provide an institutionalized mechanism for human resources development planning and clear opportunities for ongoing intersectoral participation.
The guidelines, country experiences and references cited provide guidance to countries interested in initiating a national planning process for human resources development in environmental and occupational health. The process could be further advanced by additional training for key sectors (health, environment, labour) in planning and in the development and sharing of specific planning tools for environment and health (e.g. survey instruments, job descriptions, alternative organizational structures, competencies for key professional.