Fibers are elongated thick walled cells with pointed ends, cell walls of which may consist of cellulose and may or may not contain lignin
Plant fibers
Jute
Flax
Cotton
Banana
Hemp
Animal fiber
Silk
wool
Minerals
Glass
Asbestos
Surgical dressings are the materials used alone or in combination for protection and healing of wound
e.g. cotton, wool, rayon
Official requirements of surgical dressings are as;
They should be sterilized before use
They should be stored in dry-ventilated place at temperature not exceeding 250c
They should not be dyed unless mentioned in the monograph
There should not be any loose threads fibres-ends in dressings
They should be used with permitted prescribed concentrations only.
Sutures
Sutures are threads used for stiching the tissues like skin, muscles by using needle.
Two types of sutures;
Absorbable sutures: these are absorbed in the body
E.g catgut, kangaroo tendon and some synthetic polymers
Non-absorbable sutures: these are not absorbed by skin.
E.g silk, nylon
Requirements of sutures;
They must be sterile and cause no irritation
They should be stored in dry place
They are intended for one use.
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Discussion of relationships between a dose of a drug and it's response, captured by the dose-response curve. Description of the potency, affinity and efficacy of drugs, their therapeutic range, effective doses and lethal doses. Discussion of drug interactions, problems with polypharmacy as well as placebo and nocebo effects including discussion of exaggerated placebo effects in antidepressant research
BY: Dr. Paul S. Merritt
Fibers are elongated thick walled cells with pointed ends, cell walls of which may consist of cellulose and may or may not contain lignin
Plant fibers
Jute
Flax
Cotton
Banana
Hemp
Animal fiber
Silk
wool
Minerals
Glass
Asbestos
Surgical dressings are the materials used alone or in combination for protection and healing of wound
e.g. cotton, wool, rayon
Official requirements of surgical dressings are as;
They should be sterilized before use
They should be stored in dry-ventilated place at temperature not exceeding 250c
They should not be dyed unless mentioned in the monograph
There should not be any loose threads fibres-ends in dressings
They should be used with permitted prescribed concentrations only.
Sutures
Sutures are threads used for stiching the tissues like skin, muscles by using needle.
Two types of sutures;
Absorbable sutures: these are absorbed in the body
E.g catgut, kangaroo tendon and some synthetic polymers
Non-absorbable sutures: these are not absorbed by skin.
E.g silk, nylon
Requirements of sutures;
They must be sterile and cause no irritation
They should be stored in dry place
They are intended for one use.
How to increase drug efficiency? Dosage or concentration?abdulhamidsalama1
Discussion of relationships between a dose of a drug and it's response, captured by the dose-response curve. Description of the potency, affinity and efficacy of drugs, their therapeutic range, effective doses and lethal doses. Discussion of drug interactions, problems with polypharmacy as well as placebo and nocebo effects including discussion of exaggerated placebo effects in antidepressant research
BY: Dr. Paul S. Merritt
INTRODUCTION
In drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Preclinical pharmacology and toxicology are essential elements of the drug discovery and development process and are critical in enabling the translation of findings from the laboratory and the clinic. The drug discovery process is complex and involves numerous iterative steps designed to optimize the pharmacological and drug-like properties of a candidate molecule, a New Chemical Entity (NCE), and minimize the potential for side effects and toxicities. Key concepts addressed in this record include: compound identification; lead optimization; pharmaceutical profiling; the use of animal models to predict efficacy and safety and toxicological assessment as these relate to the regulatory requirements for Phase I trial initiation. Commentary is also provided on the current challenges associated with translational medicine as it applies to the effective evolution of candidate NCEs into viable clinical candidates.
The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics. On average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Introduction to Neuro Degenerative Diseases, Neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson Disease, Alzhimer’s Disease, Newer Drugs
Presented by
K. THANMAYA DIVYA
Department of Pharmacology
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss Neurohumoral Transmission.
B. Explain role of GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, Serotonin and Dopamine in neurohumoral transmission.
For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
For 2+ video lecture series on Pharmacoeconomics refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY8U1TnlcHttsRB8hwpoJRL
For 5+ video lecture series on Pharmacoepidemiology refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbqIaLoMmuF0Bf66SMFZtnb
For 5+ video lecture series on Drug discovery refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Bbn9IE6c4MagVHZMNNinJov
For 5+ video lecture series on Drugs used in Special population use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZAed7zkXxyrgomJx2sSwHR
For 5+ video lecture series on Adverse Drug Reaction use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbWpd06N6RcV2q0K3JT29Wv
For 2+ video lecture series on Therapeutic drug monitoring refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZQtOerZuDjx4yo0eOeTHIy
For 26+ video lecture series on Drugs act on central nervous system refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY9xHaplYCYG26ALtIQp5aC
For 6+ video lecture series on drugs act on Gastrointestinal tract refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BYgHRHwuarKTt96bu_2L5WK
To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank
For More Such Learning You Can Subscribe to My YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5o-WkzmDJaF7udyAP2jtgw/featured?sub_confirmation=1
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/asacademylearningforever
Website Blog: https://itasacademy.blogspot.com/
This one is a presentation about the physics involved in soccer. I've tried to make it interesting with many animations and clips. I hope it is help for you and please tell me what should be done to make it look better. I look forward to you comments.
Thanks~By Divyangna
Design of a Lift Mechanism for Disabled PeopleSamet Baykul
DATE: 2019.01
In this project, a lift mechanism for especially disabled people has been designed. It is known as home lift, platform lift, vertical lift or through floor lift. These products operate by moving up and down. The lift mechanism consists of powertrain, linkage system, and a raising platform.
- Design of a a shaft, connecting rods, pins and weldings
- Static force analysis
- Building shear and moment diagrams
- Calculation of mechanical design parameters
INTRODUCTION
In drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Preclinical pharmacology and toxicology are essential elements of the drug discovery and development process and are critical in enabling the translation of findings from the laboratory and the clinic. The drug discovery process is complex and involves numerous iterative steps designed to optimize the pharmacological and drug-like properties of a candidate molecule, a New Chemical Entity (NCE), and minimize the potential for side effects and toxicities. Key concepts addressed in this record include: compound identification; lead optimization; pharmaceutical profiling; the use of animal models to predict efficacy and safety and toxicological assessment as these relate to the regulatory requirements for Phase I trial initiation. Commentary is also provided on the current challenges associated with translational medicine as it applies to the effective evolution of candidate NCEs into viable clinical candidates.
The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics. On average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Introduction to Neuro Degenerative Diseases, Neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson Disease, Alzhimer’s Disease, Newer Drugs
Presented by
K. THANMAYA DIVYA
Department of Pharmacology
At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A. Discuss Neurohumoral Transmission.
B. Explain role of GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, Serotonin and Dopamine in neurohumoral transmission.
For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
For 2+ video lecture series on Pharmacoeconomics refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY8U1TnlcHttsRB8hwpoJRL
For 5+ video lecture series on Pharmacoepidemiology refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbqIaLoMmuF0Bf66SMFZtnb
For 5+ video lecture series on Drug discovery refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Bbn9IE6c4MagVHZMNNinJov
For 5+ video lecture series on Drugs used in Special population use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZAed7zkXxyrgomJx2sSwHR
For 5+ video lecture series on Adverse Drug Reaction use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbWpd06N6RcV2q0K3JT29Wv
For 2+ video lecture series on Therapeutic drug monitoring refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZQtOerZuDjx4yo0eOeTHIy
For 26+ video lecture series on Drugs act on central nervous system refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY9xHaplYCYG26ALtIQp5aC
For 6+ video lecture series on drugs act on Gastrointestinal tract refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BYgHRHwuarKTt96bu_2L5WK
To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank
For More Such Learning You Can Subscribe to My YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5o-WkzmDJaF7udyAP2jtgw/featured?sub_confirmation=1
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/asacademylearningforever
Website Blog: https://itasacademy.blogspot.com/
This one is a presentation about the physics involved in soccer. I've tried to make it interesting with many animations and clips. I hope it is help for you and please tell me what should be done to make it look better. I look forward to you comments.
Thanks~By Divyangna
Design of a Lift Mechanism for Disabled PeopleSamet Baykul
DATE: 2019.01
In this project, a lift mechanism for especially disabled people has been designed. It is known as home lift, platform lift, vertical lift or through floor lift. These products operate by moving up and down. The lift mechanism consists of powertrain, linkage system, and a raising platform.
- Design of a a shaft, connecting rods, pins and weldings
- Static force analysis
- Building shear and moment diagrams
- Calculation of mechanical design parameters
it contains the basic information about the shear force diagram which is the part of the Mechanics of solid. there many numerical solved and whivh will give you detaild idea in S.f.d.
Transient three dimensional cfd modelling of ceilng fanLahiru Dilshan
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The accurate model of a ceiling fan will generate complex geometry that makes difficulties for the simulation process and requires higher computational power. Because of that, there are several methods used to predict the performance of the ceiling fan using mathematical techniques but that will give an estimated value of properties in the surrounding.
Platoon Control of Nonholonomic Robots using Quintic Bezier SplinesKaustav Mondal
In this project, quintic polynomials were used to perform platooning in nonholonomic robots. Both hardware and simulations results have been presented.
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Poster presented at the Electromagnetic Interactions on Nucleons and Nuclei 2013 (EINN2013) Conference, held in Paphos, Cyprus. We present results on the masses and axial charges of all forty light, strange and charm baryons, obtained from Lattice QCD simulations
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A short workshop on the simulation of a soccer ball in flight
1. 1
The trajectory of a soccer ball
How to simulate it: A Short Workshop
www.physicsandsport.com/en
Vassilios M Spathopoulos
Lecturer
Department of Aircraft Technology
Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece
2. 2
Motivation for workshop
The trajectory of a soccer ball in flight is governed by
complex aerodynamic mechanisms similar to those
determining the motion of an aircraft
3. 3
Personal interest
As an aeronautical engineer and a keen football fan,
have become interested in soccer ball flight mechanics
This has lead to the development of a flight model in
the Matlab® environment (see figure above)
One can also simulate the trajectory quite easily in the
Excel® environment
This is what this presentation will describe!
4. 4
Airplane vs soccer ball
The motion of both airplane and soccer ball is driven by
aerodynamic and gravitational forces
v
mg
Fdrag
Fmag
ω
5. 5
Workshop aims
Present and familiarise with the basic aerodynamic
mechanisms involved
Apply basic flight mechanics principles in order to
calculate the trajectory of a soccer ball in flight
Use a trajectory simulation in the Excel® environment in
order to obtain important parameters relating to typical
free kicks
6. 6
Force diagram
Gravitational force
Downward direction
Drag
Direction opposite to velocity
Magnus force
Direction normal to the plane determined by
the velocity and the spin vector
Note: This force diagram ignores side forces
due to seam orientation!
v
mg
Fdrag
FMagnus
ω
8. 8
Drag
Varying direction and magnitude
Direction opposite to velocity
ρ = 1.2 kg/m3
Α =0.038 m2
Cd = Function, primarily, of the Reynolds number,
D = 0.22 m
μ = 18.2 μPa.s
u
u
uD dCA
2
2
1
μ
ρUD
Re
9. 9
Generation of drag (pressure drag)
•The flow separates from the surface producing a low pressure wake
behind the ball.
•The difference in pressure produces the drag force opposing the motion
of the ball.
10. 10
Drag crisis
•Once a critical Reynolds number, and therefore speed, is
exceeded, the flow changes from laminar to turbulent thus
delaying the separation and therefore producing a smaller
wake and smaller drag coefficient.
•The critical Reynolds number (and therefore the speed) at
which the drag is drastically reduced, is lower for rough
spheres.
•It is for this reason that golf balls are designed with dimples,
thus increasing their range.
11. 11
Magnus force
Varying direction and magnitude
Direction normal to the plane determined by the
velocity and spin vectors
Cmag = function, primarily, of the spin parameter
U
ωR
s
uω
uω
uFmag magCA
2
2
1
12. 12
Generation of Magnus force
•Due to the rotation, at the upper surface we have a later flow
separation than at the lower one and as a result the wake is
deflected downwards.
•As a reaction to this deflection (Newton’s 3rd Law), an upwards
force is exerted on the ball.
13. 13
Effect of Magnus force
By determining the tilt of the rotation axis of the ball, the
player can produce the desired ball trajectory!
14. 14
Simulation methodology
We divide time into small steps, dt = 0.01s
If we know the values of x,y,z, vx,vy,vz at time t
At time t+dt we have,
x(t+dt)=x(t)+ux(t)*dt
y(t+dt)=y(t)+uy(t)*dt
z(t+dt)=z(t)+uz(t)*dt
ux(t+dt)=ux(t)+ax(t)*dt
uy(t+dt)=uy(t)+ay(t)*dt
uz(t+dt)=uz(t)+az(t)*dt
Numerical method: of Euler
We need to know ax(t), ay(t), az(t)
It is reminded that,
...,, 2
2
xx a
dt
xd
u
dt
dx
15. 15
Equations of motion of a soccer ball in flight
222
dt
dz
dt
dy
dt
dx
U
,
2
magmag C
m
A
k ,
2
dd C
m
A
k
Where,
sin2
2
dt
dy
k
dt
dx
kU
dt
xd
magd
dt
dy
k
dt
dz
dt
dx
kU
dt
yd
dmag cossin2
2
g
dt
dy
k
dt
dz
kU
dt
zd
magd cos2
2
angleaxisspin
16. 16
Drag and Magnus coefficients
For speeds greater than 15 m/s we can assume
that the drag coefficient has a constant value of
0.15.
For spin parameters greater than 0.2 we can
assume that the Magnus coefficient is equal to
the spin parameter (great simplification!)
17. 17
The simulation..
Has several simplifying assumptions:
o The drag coefficient is assumed constant throughout a
flight
o The Magnus coefficient is assumed to be equal to the
spin parameter
o Side forces due to seam orientation are ignored
o The spin rate is assumed constant
o A very simple numerical integration technique is
employed in order to solve the equations of motion
It can portray the basic features of soccer
ball flight!
18. 18
Simple hand calculation
Estimate the lateral deflection of the ball for
a free kick 20 yards from goal for 7 rev/s
sidespin given an initial velocity of 25 m/s
Assume that:
o Motion only occurs in the x-y plane (2D)
o The drag force is neglected
o The Magnus coefficient is constant at 0.2
Use Newton’s 2nd Law to solve!
2.0
25
0.117π2
U
Rfπ2
U
ωR
sCmag