carbs, proteins lipids review

1. Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins review
• Draw the basic structure of a generalised amino acid in the space below. Label the
different groups:
• What is the most simple possibility for the ‘R’ group within the amino acid? ____
• Two amino acids (peptides) are joined together during a __________ reaction to form
a __________, and one molecule of ________.
• The link between the two amino acids is called a __________ bond.
• Condensation reactions between many amino acids produce a __________ (or
protein) molecule.
• Complete the diagram below to show a condensation reaction between two amino
acids. The opposite of this reaction is called ___________ - in other words, breaking
down the protein molecule.
H R O H R O
N C C + N C C →
H H OH H H OH
+ H2O
• Draw a diagram of the ring structure of α-glucose in the space below:
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Review

2. • Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
• Two monosaccharides may be joined together during a ______________ reaction to
form a _____________, and a molecule of water is released during this process.
• The bond formed between the two monosaccharide molecules is a __________ bond.
• When condensation reactions occur between many monosaccharides a
______________ molecule is formed, for example, starch.
• The opposite of condensation is __________ - breaking down the molecule.
Complete the table below:
Type of carbohydrate Example Function
Monosaccharide 1)
2) galactose
3)
Disaccharide 1) maltose
2)
3)
Polysaccharide 1) starch
2)
3)
• Describe the difference in structure of:
• Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
• Cis and trans isomers of fatty acids
• Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Review

3. • A lipid molecule is made up
of one molecule of
___________ covalently
bonded to three ________
________ molecules.
• The fatty acid molecules are
bonded to the glycerol
molecule during
condensation reactions.
• During the formation of one
lipid molecule, three
__________ molecules are
produced.
• A lipid molecule may be
broken down during a
__________ reaction.
= hydrocarbon chain
= H and O atoms that form
water during the
condensation reaction.
• Complete the diagram to
show the products of the
condensation reaction:
H
O
C
H C O H HO
O
C
H C O H HO
O
C
H C O H HO
H
Glycerol +
condensation
reaction
• Most small carbohydrate molecules are soluble because they have –OH
(__________) groups which are able to form __________ __________ with water
molecules.
• Most lipids are __________ because they have a long, __________ (uncharged)
hydrocarbon chain.
• Proteins with –OH ( __________ ) groups or other charged areas are __________.
Non-polar proteins are insoluble.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Review
Three fatty
acids
K
E
Y

4. • In general, solubility of any substance decreases, as molecular size increases.
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Review

5. Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Review

6. Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Review