This document summarizes workplace violence risks and prevention controls in the retail industry. It finds that cash handling, public access, low staffing, and night work increase risks. Effective controls include employee training, security systems, barriers, lighting, visibility, and cash handling policies. Research studies found combinations of controls like these reduced crime rates in convenience stores, gas stations and liquor stores by up to 82%. The document encourages using multiple complementary controls for greatest effectiveness.

2. Nicole Deese, M.S. OOHN Intern August 4 th , 2009 Workplace Violence in Retail: Controls that Work

3. Coming Up Scary Statistics Risk Factors in Retail Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Research on What Works Summary

4. Quick Stats - 2007 5488 Total Workplace Fatalities 835 Falls 488 Exposure to Harmful Substances 151 Fire and Explosions 22 Bodily Reaction and Exertion 839 Assaults & Violent Events 916 Contact with Objects 2234 Transportation Accidents

5. Quick Stats

6. Risk Factors in Retail

7. Risk Factors Cash

8. Risk Factors Public

9. Risk Factors Few People

10. Risk Factors Night time work

11. Risk Factors Poor Visibility

12. Risk Factors Easy Escape

13. Controls that Work

14. General Duty Clause 5(a)(1) Employer failed to keep workplace safe Hazard was recognized Hazard was causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm Feasible and useful way to correct it Proposed abatement would significantly reduce the hazard

15. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Main Idea: Potential criminals think logically- weighing the pros & cons Make the pros & cons in our favor Increasing barriers Decreasing perceived rewards Most Effective is a Combination of Controls!

16. Convenience Stores Associated with Reduced Risk: Employee Training Security Systems Bullet-Resistant Shielding ATM Machines Cash Handling Policies Hendricks, et al., 1999

17. Cash-Handling Policies

18. Signage

19. Gas Stations, Motels, Liquor Stores Intervention (How): Safe Cash Handling Training Accessibility Signage Lighting Peek-Asa et al., 2004 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : High Compliers: 5% Decrease in Crime Low Compliers: 28% Increase in Crime Look up control risk n = 314 (intervention) n = 96 (control)

20. Lighting - Outside

21. Lighting- Indoors

22. Liquor Stores Intervention (How): Lighting Training Escape Routes Visibility Casteel et al., 2004 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : 82% Reduction in Robbery Control Group Increase n = 9 (intervention) n = 13 (control)

23. Visibility

24. Retail - Variety Intervention (How): Cash Handling Safe Signage Visibility & Lighting Training Accessibility Casteel et al., 2008 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : High Compliers: 26% Lower Violent Crime Rate vs. Control 41% Lower Robbery & Attempted vs. Control n = 305 (intervention) n = 96 (control)

25. Accessibility - Outside

26. Accessibility - Indoors Counter Goodies Door Door Door Goodies

27. Convenience Stores Intervention: Visibility & Lighting Counter Location Signage Time-Release Safe Clifton, 1987 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : 64% Decrease in Robberies n = 47 Stores

28. Buddy System Butterworth, 1991

29. State Plans Several State plans address WPV in retail: New Mexico Washington California Others address WPV in the healthcare setting and/or public sector: Oregon New York Delaware

30. Summary CPTED- Reduce perceived gains, increase barriers. Most effective to use several controls together. Reduced crime rates by up to 82%! Hope this would be helpful to OSHA’s enforcement team.

31. Questions or Comments? Thank you!