Working out meaning of phrases from context
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This document discusses how readers can work out the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases when reading. It explains that context clues from the surrounding sentences can help determine a word's definition. Readers should look for clues in the same sentence, as well as previous and following sentences. The document encourages readers to approach unfamiliar words like detectives, searching for contextual clues. It provides an example of phrases that are unclear on their own but become clear when read in the full context discussing bees and honey production. The document advises readers to underline unfamiliar words when reading assigned texts and see if class discussion can help explain them using contextual clues.
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This document provides information about synonyms and antonyms. It begins by giving an example of the word "evening" and asking the reader to find a synonym. It then defines what a synonym and antonym are. The document explains that a synonym is a word with the same or similar meaning, while an antonym is a word with the opposite meaning. It provides several examples of synonyms and antonyms. It encourages the reader to find synonyms and antonyms of given words. In the end, it suggests games to practice identifying synonyms and antonyms.
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The document provides instructions for decoding word meanings using synonyms and antonyms. It explains that synonyms are words that have similar meanings and can help understand a word by considering context clues. Antonyms are the opposite words and can also help in decoding meanings. An example conversation is given where one person helps explain the process of using synonyms and context clues to determine a word's meaning to another person struggling with an assignment.
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Capitalization and punctuation are important aspects of formal writing that are often overlooked in informal electronic communication. Capital letters should be used at the beginning of sentences, for proper nouns like names and places, for the pronoun "I", and for abbreviations. Full stops are needed at the end of sentences and with abbreviations. Paying attention to capitalization and punctuation rules is necessary for clear communication in formal writing.
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1. What information might a dictionary give about a word you look up (for example, its pronunciation)? Make a note of your ideas.
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Comment
1. Dictionaries can tell you about a word's:
pronunciation (including where the stress lies)
meaning(s)
word class(es)
different forms (for example past tense, plural)
usage
origin.
2. You could have found the following information about kneel:
how it is pronounced
that it is a verb
that it is intransitive (see below)
that it has alternative past tense forms: knelt or kneeled
that kneeled is used particularly in the United States
that kneel down is a phrasal verb
that it means fall or rest on the knees or a knee
that it comes from an old English word, cneowlian.
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Working out meaning of phrases from context
- 1. Working out the meaning of phrases in context.
- 3. What on earth does that mean? When we read we often come across words and phrases that we don’t know or don’t understand. This is normal. It is also important because if we didn’t learn new words and phrases we wouldn’t increase our vocabulary or learn new things.
- 4. How many words are there in the English language? About 500. Ooops! I mean about 500 000! That’s half a million words! It’s impossible for everyone to know them all.
- 5. So what can we do about it? So what does a good reader do when they don’t understand a word or phrase? What do you do? Do you try to work it out?
- 6. How can we work it out if we don’t know it? We have to be like detectives and look for clues. Clues can be in the same sentence as the word or phrase we don’t know. Clues can be in the sentence before or the sentence after. Clues can be somewhere else in the text.
- 7. For example... What do these phrases mean? ...digestive proteins called enzymes. ...disgorges the enzyme mixture. They are hard to understand out of context.
- 8. For example... As busy as a bee. When a bee laps nectar from a blossom, it stores it in its honey stomach where it is mixed with digestive proteins called enzymes. Once full the bee returns to the hive and disgorges the nectar-enzyme mixture for the other bees to transfer to a honey cell. Inside the cell the enzymes slowly convert the nectar to honey while other bees fan the cell with their wings to evaporate excess water. Finally when the cell is full, the bees seal it in place until the honey is needed as food for the hive. The phrases underlined might be difficult to understand on their own. However, if we read them in context, as part of the full paragraph, it makes a lot more sense.
- 9. Lighting (English Mosaic p140) Read the text about lighting. There are some difficult words and phrases that you may not know. If there is anything you are not 100% sure about underline it. Share with the class. Can the rest of the text give us any clues as to what the words or phrases mean?
- 10. Endangered Species (Humanities Alive p252) Read the article about endangered species. There are some difficult words and phrases that you may not know. If there is anything you are not 100% sure about underline it. Share with the class. Can the rest of the text give us any clues as to what the words or phrases mean?
- 11. Reading challenge In your independent reading today, your task is to look for any words or phrases that you don’t understand. You need to try and work out what the word or phrase means from the other words and sentences around it. This is what good readers do and this is what you need to start doing if you don’t do it already. If you can work out some words and phrases write them down in your reading notebook and explain how you worked out what the words meant.