Word Relations and Meanings

1. UNIT 2 SUMMATIVE
TASK
VELARDE BUENO MAR

2. DENOTATIVE MEANING
THE DENOTATIVE MEANING OF A
WORD IS THE DICTIONARY
DEFINITION OF IT. IS THE
LITERAL MEANING OF WHAT IS
TRYING TO BE CONVEYED AND
DOES NOT INCLUDE EMOTIONAL
RELATIONS ATTACHED TO THE
WORD
EXAMPLE: DOG (ANIMAL)
CONNOTATIVE MEANING
EXAMPLE: DOG (FRIEND)
THE CONNOTATIVE MEANING
OF A WORD ARE ALL THE
FEELINGS, BELIEFS OR IDEAS
ATTACHED TO IT, WHETHER
THEY ARE POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE

3. The use of a word refers to its grammatical function.
Some words have a different meaning depending on the context
which they are used in. We have to be able to recognize where and
when a word should be used, and recognize if it’s being used
formally or casually. Words with multiple meanings can refer to
different things, but we are able to tell the intended meaning
through context analysis.
For example:
-That wave is so big!
-I’m going to wave at him

5. SYNONYMS:
SYNONYMS ARE WORDS
WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS.
SYNONYMS CAN HELP
IMPROVE WRITING SKILLS
ANTONYMS:
ANTONYMS ARE WORDS
WITH OPPOSITE
MEANINGS. ANTONYMS
CAN BE USED TO EXPRESS
CONTRAST
EXAMPLES
POSITIVE OPTIMISTIC
LAUGH CRY

6. CO HYPONYMS
A WORD THAT IS ONE OF
MULTIPLE HYPONYMS OF
ANOTHER WORD
HYPONYM
SUPERORDINATE
IS A WORD WHICH
HAS A MORE GENERAL
MEANING
IS THE SCIENCE OR
TECHNIQUE USED TO
MAKE A CLASSIFICATION
LEXICAL SET
A GROUP OF WORDS THAT
SHARE A SPECIFIC FORM OR
MEANING
LEXICAL FIELD
AN ORGANIZATION
OF WORDS ON THE
BASIS OF TOPIC
TAXONOMY

7. HOMONYMY:
THE RELATION BETWEEN
WORDS WITH IDENTICAL
FORMS BUT DIFFERENT
MEANINGS
POLYSEMY:
THE ASSOCIATION OF
ONE WORD WITH TWO
OR MORE DISTINCT
MEANINGS
EXAMPLES
BEAR EAR
WING WING
BUTTERFLY WING PART OF A BUILDING

8. HOMOGRAPHS:
WORDS WITH THE SAME
SPELLING BUT MORE
THAN ONE MEANING
HOMOPHONES:
WORDS WITH THE SAME
PRONUNCIATION BUT
DIFFRENT SPELLING AND
MEANING
EXAMPLES
LEFT LEFT
ICE CREAM I SCREAM

9. HETERONYMS:
WORDS SPELLED
IDENTICALLY BUT THE
MEANING CHANES
DEPENDING ON THE
PRONUNCIATION
HETEROGRAPHS:
EXAMPLES
DRAWER DRAWER
TOAD TOWED
WORDS WITH SAME
PRONUNCIATION,
DIFFERENT SPELLING AND
MEANING

10. MERONYMS:
A WORD THAT DENOTES
A CONSTITUED PART OF
A MEMBER OF
SOMETHING
HOLONYMS:
A WORD THAT NAMES
THE WHOLE OF WHICH
A GIVEN WORD IS A PART
EXAMPLES
TIRE CAR
TREES PLANTS
IS A PART OF

11. REFERENCES
HOLONYM - DEFINITION, MEANING & SYNONYMS. (S. F.). EN VOCABULARY.COM.
HTTPS://WWW.VOCABULARY.COM/DICTIONARY/HOLONYM
HETERONYMS : HERE IS THE COMPLETE LIST. (S. F.). ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS. HTTP://WWW.ENGLISH-FOR-
STUDENTS.COM/HETERONYMS.HTML
HOLONYM - DEFINITION, MEANING & SYNONYMS. (S. F.). EN VOCABULARY.COM.
HTTPS://WWW.VOCABULARY.COM/DICTIONARY/HOLONYM
NORDQUIST, R. (2018). HOMONYMY: EXAMPLES AND DEFINITION. THOUGHTCO.
HTTPS://WWW.THOUGHTCO.COM/HOMONYMY-WORDS-AND-MEANINGS-1690839
NORDQUIST, R. (2019A). DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES OF MERONYMS AND HOLONYMS. THOUGHTCO.
HTTPS://WWW.THOUGHTCO.COM/WHAT-IS-A-MERONYM-1691308

12. REFERENCES
TAXONOMY VS HYPONYMY - WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? (2017, 10 MAYO). WIKIDIFF.
HTTPS://WIKIDIFF.COM/HYPONYMY/TAXONOMY#:~:TEXT=IS%20THAT%20TAXONOMY%20IS%20THE%20SCIENC
E%20OR%20THE,ESPECIALLY%20%2C%20A%20CLASSIFICATION%20IN%20A%20HIERARCHICAL%20SYSTEM.
WILLIAMS, P. (2022, 11 ABRIL). WHAT ARE HOMONYMS, HETEROGRAPHS AND HETERONYMS? - ENGLISH LESSONS
BRIGHTON. ENGLISH LESSONS BRIGHTON. HTTPS://ENGLISHLESSONSBRIGHTON.CO.UK/HOMONYMS-
HETEROGRAPHS-HETERONYMS/
NORDQUIST, R. (2019B). POLYSEMY (WORDS AND MEANINGS). THOUGHTCO.
HTTPS://WWW.THOUGHTCO.COM/POLYSEMY-WORDS-AND-MEANINGS-1691642
NORDQUIST, R. (2020). LEXICAL SET IN GRAMMAR. THOUGHTCO. HTTPS://WWW.THOUGHTCO.COM/WHAT-IS-A-
LEXICAL-SET-1691227