This chapter discusses the health risks of tobacco, caffeine, and drug use for women. It notes that nearly half of long-term smokers will die from tobacco use and over 3 million US women have died prematurely from smoking. Smoking is linked to various cancers and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Prenatal tobacco exposure can harm fetal development and increase risks of low birth weight, premature birth, and SIDS. The chapter also outlines health risks of caffeine, illegal drugs, and drug use during pregnancy on the fetus.