The Influence of Human and Financial Capital on the Performance of Woman Entr...Premier Publishers
Woman entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development. This paper examined the impact of human capital and financial capital on the performance of woman entrepreneurs in Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). The paper employed quantitative method with usable questionnaires among women entrepreneurs. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression model were used to analyze data by using SPSS software and the results indicate that human capital has an impact on the business performance and the relationship is significant. On the other hand, financial capital has a significant impact on the profitability among women entrepreneurs with significant positive value.
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the impact of human and financial capital on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study used quantitative method. The analyse data results indicated that on the negative value, human capital has an impact on the business performance while financial capital on the positive value makes a major impact on business performance. The overall contribution is that women entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Human Capital, Financial Capital, SMEs
The Influence of Human and Financial Capital on the Performance of Woman Entr...Premier Publishers
Woman entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development. This paper examined the impact of human capital and financial capital on the performance of woman entrepreneurs in Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). The paper employed quantitative method with usable questionnaires among women entrepreneurs. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression model were used to analyze data by using SPSS software and the results indicate that human capital has an impact on the business performance and the relationship is significant. On the other hand, financial capital has a significant impact on the profitability among women entrepreneurs with significant positive value.
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the impact of human and financial capital on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study used quantitative method. The analyse data results indicated that on the negative value, human capital has an impact on the business performance while financial capital on the positive value makes a major impact on business performance. The overall contribution is that women entrepreneurs have a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Human Capital, Financial Capital, SMEs
The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business ...ijtsrd
Universities play a major role in producing entrepreneurs. Until recently, fostering innovations and new product development through entrepreneurship has not been regarded as a primary task of universities. Although the graduates are given the education on entrepreneurship, it is reported that they have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions among the undergraduates impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize more on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. D G M P M Gamage | R H G W P K Henegedara ""The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship Courses in Sri Lanka"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25175.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25175/the-entrepreneurial-intentions-among-the-undergraduates-involved-in-business-administration-and-entrepreneurship-courses-in-sri-lanka/d-g-m-p-m-gamage
A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Edu...ijtsrd
The aim of the present research is to study the career development for working women. Experiences over the life course by analysing career growth and development, career beliefs and norms. This paper focusing on effectiveness of career growth and development for working women in educational institution. Most of the working women facing the problem are definitely common, like mental and physical stress, lack of proper balance between employment and family care, unfair treatment in the workplace, stressful life and workplace discrimination etc. Work life family preference and many women seek uphold from the spouse, family, colleagues, environmental issues and etc. For this purpose primary data for the research is collected with the help of questionnaire and secondary data collected through several factors identified while reviewing the literature, books, online journals, project reports and internet. The results of the study showed that the different age group of working women had different kinds of problems and challenges and different categories as married, single, have different issues at monetarily in the workplace. This all creates big impact of career growth and development and it in turn a challenge for women's career. Dr. V. M. Anitha Rajathi | C. Priyanka "A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Educational Institutes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30867.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30867/a-study-on-career-development-for-working-women-with-special-reference-to-educational-institutes/dr-v-m-anitha-rajathi
An Empirical Analysis of the Empowerment of Rural Women Through Panchayati Ra...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper has attempted to investigate the political participation of the rural women and their actual condition in the panchayati raj institutions in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. The study is based on primary data which has been collected from the Elected Women Representatives of various blocks of Ujjain district(as per 2009-10 panchayat elections) and also to explore, whether the women have been empowered after getting a 50% reservation at the grassroots level. This study has also revealed that after connecting with the panchayat whether the level of women’s social status have increased or not and also analyse the impediments factors faced by the women in the working of panchayat.
EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN PAPUM PARE DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL...paperpublications3
Abstract: Small enterprise is considered to play an important and dominating role in the regional-rural development process. It is a well known fact that food, shelter and employment are the most important basic necessities of the people of rural areas. Small enterprises, through providing largest share of employment especially to the poor and rural population, can help solve their basic problems. The purpose of the present study is to bring in light the small enterprises and its employment generating efficiency in Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh. The paper has been designed in such a way that it shows the employment status of small enterprises in Papum Pare district. The size, category, education level, remuneration, etc. of the workers/employees are taken as key elements for the study. The study is based on both primary as well as secondary data, which has been analyzed with statistical tool for better understanding.
Keywords:Employment, MSME, Rural Development, Small Enterprises, Wages, Workers.
This study aims to form a lecturer achievement index model based on student perceptions by looking
at the caseality relationship between latent variables, namely professional, social, personality and pedagogical
competencies of lecturers
Nigerian Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges, Incentives and Achievements IndicatorsIOSR Journals
Women entrepreneurship in Nigeria is the focus of this study. Some women entrepreneurs in Lagos state, Delta State and Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) of Nigeria has been selected for the purpose of this study. The study identifies challenges encountered by women entrepreneurs during business establishment and business life cycle and issues arising between work and family were examined. The study also considered the likely incentives for these entrepreneurs for starting their own businesses and factors which account for their success in business. There are similarities between the challenges faced by women entrepreneur in Nigeria which is a developing country, when compared their counterparts in European countries. However, issues between work and family in Nigeria for women entrepreneur are less significant and these likely to account for their being able to start their own businesses and level of achievements in business
A Study on Influences of Organizational Culture at Golden Cashew Products, Po...ijtsrd
The main purpose of the study is to provide an impact over the organizational culture experienced by the employees. Organizational culture is a set of attitude and behavior adopted by the employees in the organization by various situations. Job satisfactions are related to the perceptions of their working environment. The main objective of the study is to find the significant difference between organizational culture and job satisfaction. Also, to retain the talented and efficient workforce in the organization and also to improve the organizational growth and environment. The study employed with stratified random sampling method. This research work is a survey to make use of sample about 80 employees drawn from the population of 100 employees. The major source of data used in this study is primary data and secondary data is collected by using questionnaire method. The research observed in the study is, there is no significant difference between the organizational culture and the job satisfaction. It is concluded that the employee job satisfaction did not play any role on how they worked in the culture that was followed by the organization. Ramya. K | Sowmia Devi. M | Sindhuja. K "A Study on Influences of Organizational Culture at Golden Cashew Products, Pondicherry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29178.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/29178/a-study-on-influences-of-organizational-culture-at-golden-cashew-products-pondicherry/ramya-k
The Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship School in Education...inventionjournals
This study aimed to identify factors involved in developing Entrepreneur school and understanding the Executive requirements of these schools in Educational system of Iran (Case Study of MAZANDARAN province). Relying on the theory of organizational entrepreneurship and data based theory (Grounded Theory) the factors effective in creating a school for entrepreneurs were identified. The population of the study in Interview section was 20 experts in the Field of educational sciences from the University of Educators, entrepreneurship teachers and school administrators and for qualitative validation were 20 faculty members of University of Educators and school administrators. The research tools were open interview and content analysis techniques .The research findings indicate that the two groups factors of inside and outside organization and 3 dimensions of personal, organizational and environmental abilities and 16 components of Features (psychological , attitude, motivational), management style, organizational ,Mental and interpersonal skills, new methods of reward, management support, Delegate, deadline, curricula system , strategic orientation, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurship education, space and equipments, government policies, socio-economic and cultural conditions, financial and non-financial support are effective in building this kind of entrepreneur school. Also the results of qualitative validation or questionnaire distribution in the first step have resulted to the Removal of the concepts of parental education; parental social status and evaluation system due to an average of less than 4.In the implementation of the second round questionnaire, Kendal correlation coefficient was calculated and Kendall's w = 0.705 was obtained, suggesting a strong consensus among panel members in the research.
An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Inte...ijtsrd
It is reported that individuals have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. Among the factors, social capital of individuals plays a vital role. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the impact of social capital affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. Findings of the study suggests that the number of social ties, trustworthy relationships and the social norms shared among the undergraduates within their community affect their willingness to start a new business. Thus, the study provides significant insights for the university administrators highlighting importance of facilitating a platform for the undergraduates to network with the fellow undergraduates. R H G W P K Henegedara | D G M P M Gamage "An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Intentions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25227.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25227/an-investigation-of-the-impact-of-social-capital-for-the-entrepreneurial-intentions/r-h-g-w-p-k-henegedara
Prospects of women Entrepreneurs in greater Barisal.Mannun Islam
Prospects of women Entrepreneurs in greater Bangladesh.Find of all, I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Allah because he has given me the opportunity to complete my term paper of course, I acknowledge the support and assistance given by a number of people. I am grateful to many individuals for the completion of the term paper successfully.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Women play a pivotal role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country and thereby
contribute towards the upliftment of the living standard of its people. An entrepreneur is a creator or a designer
who designs new ideas and processes of business as per the requirements of market and bears all types of risks
involved in an enterprise, organizes various inputs or factors of production and innovates news ideas, concepts,
strategies and methodology in business from time to time. The present paper aims to examine the impediments
faced by women entrepreneurs and study schemes and initiatives undertaken by the government of India for the
betterment of women entrepreneurs.
The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business ...ijtsrd
Universities play a major role in producing entrepreneurs. Until recently, fostering innovations and new product development through entrepreneurship has not been regarded as a primary task of universities. Although the graduates are given the education on entrepreneurship, it is reported that they have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions among the undergraduates impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize more on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. D G M P M Gamage | R H G W P K Henegedara ""The Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Undergraduates Involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship Courses in Sri Lanka"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25175.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25175/the-entrepreneurial-intentions-among-the-undergraduates-involved-in-business-administration-and-entrepreneurship-courses-in-sri-lanka/d-g-m-p-m-gamage
A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Edu...ijtsrd
The aim of the present research is to study the career development for working women. Experiences over the life course by analysing career growth and development, career beliefs and norms. This paper focusing on effectiveness of career growth and development for working women in educational institution. Most of the working women facing the problem are definitely common, like mental and physical stress, lack of proper balance between employment and family care, unfair treatment in the workplace, stressful life and workplace discrimination etc. Work life family preference and many women seek uphold from the spouse, family, colleagues, environmental issues and etc. For this purpose primary data for the research is collected with the help of questionnaire and secondary data collected through several factors identified while reviewing the literature, books, online journals, project reports and internet. The results of the study showed that the different age group of working women had different kinds of problems and challenges and different categories as married, single, have different issues at monetarily in the workplace. This all creates big impact of career growth and development and it in turn a challenge for women's career. Dr. V. M. Anitha Rajathi | C. Priyanka "A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Educational Institutes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30867.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30867/a-study-on-career-development-for-working-women-with-special-reference-to-educational-institutes/dr-v-m-anitha-rajathi
An Empirical Analysis of the Empowerment of Rural Women Through Panchayati Ra...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper has attempted to investigate the political participation of the rural women and their actual condition in the panchayati raj institutions in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. The study is based on primary data which has been collected from the Elected Women Representatives of various blocks of Ujjain district(as per 2009-10 panchayat elections) and also to explore, whether the women have been empowered after getting a 50% reservation at the grassroots level. This study has also revealed that after connecting with the panchayat whether the level of women’s social status have increased or not and also analyse the impediments factors faced by the women in the working of panchayat.
EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN PAPUM PARE DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL...paperpublications3
Abstract: Small enterprise is considered to play an important and dominating role in the regional-rural development process. It is a well known fact that food, shelter and employment are the most important basic necessities of the people of rural areas. Small enterprises, through providing largest share of employment especially to the poor and rural population, can help solve their basic problems. The purpose of the present study is to bring in light the small enterprises and its employment generating efficiency in Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh. The paper has been designed in such a way that it shows the employment status of small enterprises in Papum Pare district. The size, category, education level, remuneration, etc. of the workers/employees are taken as key elements for the study. The study is based on both primary as well as secondary data, which has been analyzed with statistical tool for better understanding.
Keywords:Employment, MSME, Rural Development, Small Enterprises, Wages, Workers.
This study aims to form a lecturer achievement index model based on student perceptions by looking
at the caseality relationship between latent variables, namely professional, social, personality and pedagogical
competencies of lecturers
Nigerian Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges, Incentives and Achievements IndicatorsIOSR Journals
Women entrepreneurship in Nigeria is the focus of this study. Some women entrepreneurs in Lagos state, Delta State and Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) of Nigeria has been selected for the purpose of this study. The study identifies challenges encountered by women entrepreneurs during business establishment and business life cycle and issues arising between work and family were examined. The study also considered the likely incentives for these entrepreneurs for starting their own businesses and factors which account for their success in business. There are similarities between the challenges faced by women entrepreneur in Nigeria which is a developing country, when compared their counterparts in European countries. However, issues between work and family in Nigeria for women entrepreneur are less significant and these likely to account for their being able to start their own businesses and level of achievements in business
A Study on Influences of Organizational Culture at Golden Cashew Products, Po...ijtsrd
The main purpose of the study is to provide an impact over the organizational culture experienced by the employees. Organizational culture is a set of attitude and behavior adopted by the employees in the organization by various situations. Job satisfactions are related to the perceptions of their working environment. The main objective of the study is to find the significant difference between organizational culture and job satisfaction. Also, to retain the talented and efficient workforce in the organization and also to improve the organizational growth and environment. The study employed with stratified random sampling method. This research work is a survey to make use of sample about 80 employees drawn from the population of 100 employees. The major source of data used in this study is primary data and secondary data is collected by using questionnaire method. The research observed in the study is, there is no significant difference between the organizational culture and the job satisfaction. It is concluded that the employee job satisfaction did not play any role on how they worked in the culture that was followed by the organization. Ramya. K | Sowmia Devi. M | Sindhuja. K "A Study on Influences of Organizational Culture at Golden Cashew Products, Pondicherry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29178.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/29178/a-study-on-influences-of-organizational-culture-at-golden-cashew-products-pondicherry/ramya-k
The Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship School in Education...inventionjournals
This study aimed to identify factors involved in developing Entrepreneur school and understanding the Executive requirements of these schools in Educational system of Iran (Case Study of MAZANDARAN province). Relying on the theory of organizational entrepreneurship and data based theory (Grounded Theory) the factors effective in creating a school for entrepreneurs were identified. The population of the study in Interview section was 20 experts in the Field of educational sciences from the University of Educators, entrepreneurship teachers and school administrators and for qualitative validation were 20 faculty members of University of Educators and school administrators. The research tools were open interview and content analysis techniques .The research findings indicate that the two groups factors of inside and outside organization and 3 dimensions of personal, organizational and environmental abilities and 16 components of Features (psychological , attitude, motivational), management style, organizational ,Mental and interpersonal skills, new methods of reward, management support, Delegate, deadline, curricula system , strategic orientation, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurship education, space and equipments, government policies, socio-economic and cultural conditions, financial and non-financial support are effective in building this kind of entrepreneur school. Also the results of qualitative validation or questionnaire distribution in the first step have resulted to the Removal of the concepts of parental education; parental social status and evaluation system due to an average of less than 4.In the implementation of the second round questionnaire, Kendal correlation coefficient was calculated and Kendall's w = 0.705 was obtained, suggesting a strong consensus among panel members in the research.
An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Inte...ijtsrd
It is reported that individuals have less willingness to start their own business. Lack of entrepreneurial intentions impact adversely for the economic development of the country as entrepreneurship is a major source of employment generation and economic development. Thus, scholars emphasize on investigating the factors stimulating the interest of undergraduates to become an entrepreneur. Among the factors, social capital of individuals plays a vital role. On the above backdrop, present study was undertaken to understand the impact of social capital affecting the entrepreneurial intentions of the undergraduates involved in Business Administration and Entrepreneurship courses in Sri Lankan Universities. Findings of the study suggests that the number of social ties, trustworthy relationships and the social norms shared among the undergraduates within their community affect their willingness to start a new business. Thus, the study provides significant insights for the university administrators highlighting importance of facilitating a platform for the undergraduates to network with the fellow undergraduates. R H G W P K Henegedara | D G M P M Gamage "An Investigation of the Impact of Social Capital for the Entrepreneurial Intentions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25227.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/25227/an-investigation-of-the-impact-of-social-capital-for-the-entrepreneurial-intentions/r-h-g-w-p-k-henegedara
Prospects of women Entrepreneurs in greater Barisal.Mannun Islam
Prospects of women Entrepreneurs in greater Bangladesh.Find of all, I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Allah because he has given me the opportunity to complete my term paper of course, I acknowledge the support and assistance given by a number of people. I am grateful to many individuals for the completion of the term paper successfully.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Women play a pivotal role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country and thereby
contribute towards the upliftment of the living standard of its people. An entrepreneur is a creator or a designer
who designs new ideas and processes of business as per the requirements of market and bears all types of risks
involved in an enterprise, organizes various inputs or factors of production and innovates news ideas, concepts,
strategies and methodology in business from time to time. The present paper aims to examine the impediments
faced by women entrepreneurs and study schemes and initiatives undertaken by the government of India for the
betterment of women entrepreneurs.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
ISBN 6 A study on Issues and Government support for the development of women ...Dr UMA K
Dr. UMA K “A study on Issues and Government support for the development of women entrepreneurs”, in the Journal of “Gender Sensitization: Equality and opportunities”, in one day national level seminar organized by Maharani’s women commerce and Management College, Mysuru-570012, ISBN: 978-81-940092-2-1, held on 27th February 2020, pp.1-122.
A Study on the Challenges Faces by Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatoreijtsrd
The research paper is to determine the study of the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Coimbatore. Entrepreneur is a person who has new own idea for a start up. Women entrepreneurs work hard to uplift their standard of living as well as the business. This study is about the challenges faced by women entrepreneur and how they face them. This paper is mostly based on primary data and for the identification of these issues, the authors have reviewed different research articles and reports. Findings of this study reveal that lack of balance between family and career, limited access to finance, socio cultural barriers, illiteracy or low level of education, access to networks, inferior complexity, problems faced during marketing, entrepreneurial skills, lack of self confidence and mobility constraints are major problems of women entrepreneurship development. They need more support and help from both society as well as the family to shine more. Research design The researcher followed descriptive research design for the study. Universe of the study The universe of the present study is contact from Coimbatore district, Peelamedu area. Sampling The researcher took the sampling of 60 respondents are women entrepreneur. Sampling method The researcher used Purposive sampling method. Dr. M. Punitha | J. Sivagurunathan "A Study on the Challenges Faces by Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56208.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56208/a-study-on-the-challenges-faces-by-women-entrepreneurs-in-coimbatore/dr-m-punitha
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF WELFARE SCHEMES OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: WITH REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
Empowerment of women essentially mean improving the social, political and
economic status of women, especially the traditional underprivileged one. It means
creating an environment where women are free from any kind of physical, mental
abuse, exploitation, and prejudice that they are the most vulnerable section in the
society. Recognising the importance of women in the economic growth of the nation,
the Government of India along with State Governments has been taking several efforts
since post-independence period to uplift women from their conditions in general.
Attempts were made by the Government to address the issues through employment,
empowerment, labour force participation, education, gender equality and
entrepreneurship. The focus of Government is progressively shifting towards
promoting women entrepreneurship to motivate women to participate in the economic
activities. The study examines the perspective of women who are getting benefitted
through various government schemes implemented in assistance with nongovernmental organizations. The impact observed is in terms of such as - financial
assistance, training facilities, infrastructure and its awareness, motivation,
confidence, increase in the rate of women opting for entrepreneurship. Studies have
shown that such initiatives are boosting self-confidence, increasing the purchasing
power and decision making power, leading to their empowerment. It, therefore,
addresses the economic, socio-cultural, inter-personal, psychological, political and
legal domains of empowerment. The study has been conducted in three selected
village of Maharashtra. Data was collected from various NGO, Women entrepreneurs
and women beneficiaries associated with various Self-Help Group’s (SHG’s) in the
Kanave, Shahapur (Dist. Thane) and Vengaon, Karjat (Dist. Raigad) regions. The
Mixed method approach has been adopted for analysis of this research. Primary data
was collected from personal interviews with well-structured questionnaires and focus
group discussions in both the areas.
A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Bangladesh has enormous young women and productive workforce that will get an opportunity to involve in Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect women involvement as
entrepreneur in SMEs sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The study
adopts the quantitative analysis of possible factors that may affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction. By using Convenient Sampling Technique, the
data has been collected from 300 respondents. Data are analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and
regression analysis. From the outcomes of descriptive statistics analysis, the study is found that business experience,
business plan, practical knowledge, security, interest & hobby, others business house profits, adequate capital,
business registration procedures, qualified leaders & trainers, and bank & financial institutions support are affected
women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector. From the results of regression analysis, this research is found
that economical, psychological, knowledge & skills, family, and legal & administrative as the essential factors,
which significantly affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector in Bangladesh. The research is
revealed that women entrepreneur, long-term business success and employment creation as the vital factors, which
notably affect economic development. The study is also revealed that economic development as the critical factor,
which considerably affects poverty reduction. This examination may contribute to these women entrepreneur issues.
The results of this investigation can be applied by government and non-government organization, public institutions,
rural development academy, policymakers and even researchers to inspire women involvement as entrepreneur in
SMEs sector. The researchers strongly expect that this investigation creates value to the literature because it uses a
conceptual framework to give explanation the factors that affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
IMPACT OF PROBLEMS ON THE SUCCESS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAEME Publication
In recent years, the study and research of women entrepreneurship and their problems and challenges has increased noticeably. Women Entrepreneurship is considered to be an effective instrument for the economic empowerment of the women. Women in India remained economically undeveloped for many decades. Despite number of measures and incentives taken by the government of India the women entrepreneurs are not increasing at a greater rate. This is due to some practical problems in the process of entrepreneurship by women. This paper presents a systematic analysis on how the problems faced by women entrepreneur has an impact on their success
Economic empowerment of women through shg in kolli hillsRAVICHANDIRANG
Empowerment, as a social process has challenged the fundamental imbalances of power distribution and relations. It was redistribution of power within and between families, society’s process aiming at social equality which could be achieved through disempowering some structures, systems and institutions. Social empowerment has promoted sustainable rural structure for dissemination of knowledge about health, nutrition, literacy, education, freedom and opportunities for realizing women’s potentialities and adoption of new
agricultural practices. The present paper discussed about the profile of the respondents, Participat ion of Women in SHG functions and awareness towards SHGs.
Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in India and the Emerging Dimensions: A StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Indian society today has witnessed a surge of
women entrepreneurship. There arises a need to examine
the challenges of women entrepreneurs in greater depth.
This study attempts to understand these challenges as well
as explore the dimensions that emerge from these
challenges. The study is based on exploratory qualitative
study of 20 women entrepreneurs in India. The narratives
reveal six major themes: Desire to create self- identity and
derive satisfaction through entrepreneurship, doing what
one loves to do, perceiving risk taking as an enjoyable
experience, entrepreneurship as a medium to contribute to
society, success speaks for itself and willing to learn, unlearn
and relearn.
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to radically reinvent the way we do business. This study explores how CEOs and top decision makers around the world are responding to the transformative potential of AI.
The case study discusses the potential of drone delivery and the challenges that need to be addressed before it becomes widespread.
Key takeaways:
Drone delivery is in its early stages: Amazon's trial in the UK demonstrates the potential for faster deliveries, but it's still limited by regulations and technology.
Regulations are a major hurdle: Safety concerns around drone collisions with airplanes and people have led to restrictions on flight height and location.
Other challenges exist: Who will use drone delivery the most? Is it cost-effective compared to traditional delivery trucks?
Discussion questions:
Managerial challenges: Integrating drones requires planning for new infrastructure, training staff, and navigating regulations. There are also marketing and recruitment considerations specific to this technology.
External forces vary by country: Regulations, consumer acceptance, and infrastructure all differ between countries.
Demographics matter: Younger generations might be more receptive to drone delivery, while older populations might have concerns.
Stakeholders for Amazon: Customers, regulators, aviation authorities, and competitors are all stakeholders. Regulators likely hold the greatest influence as they determine the feasibility of drone delivery.
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I am a Project and Engineering Leader with extensive experience as a Business Operations Leader, Technical Project Manager, Engineering Manager and Operations Experience for Domestic and International companies such as Electrolux, Carrier, and Deutz. I have developed new products using Stage Gate development/MS Project/JIRA, for the pro-duction of Medical Equipment, Large Commercial Refrigeration Systems, Appliances, HVAC, and Diesel engines.
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Created project scope, business case, ROI for multiple capital projects to support electrotechnical assembly and CPG goods. Identified project cost, risk, success criteria, and performed equipment qualifications. (Carrier, Electrolux, Biolab, Price, Hussmann)
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Oprah Winfrey: A Leader in Media, Philanthropy, and Empowerment | CIO Women M...CIOWomenMagazine
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Oprah Winfrey: A Leader in Media, Philanthropy, and Empowerment | CIO Women M...
Women entrepreneurship In Telangana State - freedarebecce
1. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 67
Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
CH. Freeda Rebecca
Research Scholar, Dept. of Business Management, Osmania University
Email: chfreeda@gmail.com
Abstract
In the present day, women entrepreneurs are playing an important role and they have become a significant part of the international and
universal business environment and they are really important for constant and continuous economic development and societal progress. In
India women play a key role in developing the family and society, still, their entrepreneurial ability has been determined by many socio-
demographic and economic factors, and their success is also impacted by socio-demographic and economic factors. Women Empowerment
and women entrepreneurship treated as an important tool to erase poverty un-employment and poverty. Any economic development plan
will be lop-sided without the contribution of women who make up half of the world’s population. Telangana is a recently formed state and
hence the government of Telangana is providing ample opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs especially women. They have already
provided resources in the form of industrial villages with proper infrastructure and training as well. Despite all the encouragement from the
government, women taking up a business are very less in number and women achieving entrepreneurial success is even lesser. The other
important factors for women entrepreneurs to take up business and succeed other than governmental support are demographic factors,
social factors, and economic factors. The present study was operated with the objective to collect the information to assess the impact of
socio-demographic factors on entrepreneurial success.
Keyword: Women Entrepreneur, women empowerment, Entrepreneurship, Socio-Demographic factors.
Introduction
Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the growth and development of any society. Development of entrepreneurship
lifestyle, culture, and holistic business development offerings and services are the key requirements for industrials growth.
Entrepreneurship surfaces from an individual’s innovative quality into stable long-term business ownership, job creation,
finance creation, and economic security. Entrepreneurial skills are important for industrialization and are remedy for poverty
and unemployment.
“You can tell the condition of a nation by looking by looking at the status of its women”- Jawaharlal Nehru.
Women Entrepreneurs can be defined as women or a group of women who starts and operate a business enterprise. Women
entrepreneur has many duties and functions to perform to start a new business and she also has to undertake different kinds of
risks.
The duties of women entrepreneur includes brainstorming to develop a new idea, research about the new idea to develop a
startup, coordinating and controlling varies aspects of business and showing effective leadership skills where ever required.
The government of India has described women entrepreneurs as an enterprise/venture owned and controlled by women
having at least a financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the organization
to women.
Need for the study
The purpose of the study is intended to find the socio-demographic background of the women entrepreneurs. The study also
aims at finding the impact of socio-demographic factors on business activities.
Statement of Problem
The state of Telangana has been recently formed and is industrially developing. Even though the government is undertaking
many programs to encourage women entrepreneurship by various associations, women are not ready to undertake the
business. As compared to men, women are less motivated to start business units due to unwanted fear, lack of motivation and
other hindrances. Thus, the study aims at understanding the socio-demographic background of women entrepreneurs.
Objective of the study
The present study has been carried out with the following objective
To study the socio-demographic background of the women entrepreneurs in Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy, and Medak districts.
To study the association between the various demographic factors and the business activities of women entrepreneurs
Hypotheses
1. H01: There is no impact of the socio-demographic background of women entrepreneurs on entrepreneurship.
2. H02: There is no significant association between Demographic factors and business activities of women entrepreneurs
2. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 68
Scope of Study
The study is to be conducted across three districts of Telangana state namely Hyderabad, RangaReddy and Medak.
The study is based on data collected from:
Primary sources: Standard questionnaire is used.
Secondary sources: Previous records of the governmental organizations and published sources viz. journals, magazines,
articles, annual reports, websites.
Method Of Study
For the present study,the questionnaire method is used to collect the data from Women Entrepreneurs from districts of
Telangana. (Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy, and Medak districts)
Sample:For the study, a sample of 100 respondents was taken from the 3 districts of Telangana.
Statistical Analysis Of Data
In this study,the researcher used appropriate statistical tools to test the Hypothesis using mean, Standard deviation and Chi-
square test to analyze and interpret the results.
Review of literature
V Krishnamoorthy and R Balasubramani (April 2014), analyzed the importantWomen entrepreneurial motivation factors and
their effect on entrepreneurial success. The studyalso identified ambition, competence and knowledge, family support, market
onnection and opportunities, independence, government aid, and delight are the key entrepreneurial
motivational components. The study also concluded that ambition, ability, and skill, independence are the measuring
dimensions of entrepreneurial motivational factors that have a strong impact on entrepreneurial success.
Nehru and Bhardwaj(2013) investigated the elements which motivates women to start
their own business and the issues faced by them when they started the enterprise and problems occurred in due process of
unning the business and shaping their own position in the competitive business world.
(Masood, 2011), title “Emergence of Women-Owned Businesses in India- An Insight “This study was directed and
conducted by Masood on issues/obstacles which cause to Women Entrepreneur like Non-Availability of Funds, Family and
personal Problems, Regulations and Restrictions, changes in technology and IT Explosion, etc.
M.Jan and N.Shar(2008) have examined the different economic opportunities and possibilities for women, promoting
and developing their entrepreneurial skills, legitimizing and empowering them through the co-operative zone of the economy
alongside presenting ways to enable and enhance their socio-economic status
Demographic Profile:
1) Age
AGE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
UPTO 30 YEARS 46 46
31-40 YEARS 39 39
41-50 YEARS 12 12
50 years and above 3 3
TOTAL 100 100
Interpretation: Based upon the data collected, 46% of the respondents are up to 30 years, 39% of respondents are 31-40
years, 12% of respondents are 41-50 years, 3% of respondents are 50 years and above.
Educational Qualification
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
ILLITERATE 4 4
LITERATE 3 3
SECONDARY EDUCATION 25 25
GRADUATION COMPLETED 36 36
POST GRADUATION 26 26
OTHERS 6 6
TOTAL 100 100
3. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 69
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected, 4% of the respondents are Illiterate,3% are literate, 23% have
secondary education,36% have completed Graduation, 26% Have completed post-graduation and 6% are others.
3) Social-Class
SOCIAL-CLASS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
OC 73 73
BC 19 19
SC 8 8
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected 73% of the respondents belong to OC, 19% belong to BC, 8% belong
to SC.
4) Marital Status
MARITAL STATUS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
MARRIED 66 66
UNMARRIED 33 33
DIVORCEE 1 1
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based on the data collected, 66% are married,33% are unmarried,1% are divorcee
5) Family Description
FAMILY DESCRIPTION RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
NUCLEAR 59 59
JOINT 41 41
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data, 59 % of the respondents belong to Nuclear Family and 41% belong to Joint
Family.
6) Traditional Family Occupation
FAMILY OCCUPATION RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
AGRICULTURE 3 3
BUSINESS 52 52
EMPLOYMENT 40 40
PROFESSION 5 5
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based on the data collected, 3% of the respondents are agriculturists, 52% do business, 40% are
employees, and 5% are professionals.
7) Income
INCOME RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
3 LAKHS 46 46
3-5 LAKHS 35 35
5-10 LAKHS 9 9
11-20 LAKHS 5 5
20-30 LAKHS 5 5
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected, 46% of respondents have Yearly Income of 3lakhs, 35% of
respondent’s yearly income is between 3-5lakhs, 9% of respondent’sincome is between 5-10lakhs, 5% of respondent’s
income is between 11-20lakhs, and 5% of respondent’s income is between 20-30lakhs
II ORGANIZATION PROFILE:
1) Size of Enterprise
SIZE RESPONDENTS PERECNTAGE (%)
MICRO 22 22
SMALL 52 52
MEDIUM 26 26
4. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 70
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION:Based on the data collected, 22% of respondents own Micro size enterprise, 52% own small size
enterprise, 26% own Medium size enterprise.
2) Activities of Enterprise
ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
MANUFACTURING 19 19
TRADING 24 24
SERVICES 57 57
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based on the data collected, 19% of respondents are indulged in manufacturing activities, 24% are
into Trading Activity, and 57% are providing different services.
3) Experience in existing business
EXPERIENCE IN EXISTING BUSINESS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
LESS THAN 1 YEAR 30 30
1-5 YEARS 48 48
6-10 YEARS 13 13
ABOVE 10 YEARS 9 9
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected,30% of respondents have less than 1-year experience,48% have 1-5
years of experience, 13% have 6-10 years of experience,9% have above 10 years of experience.
4) Time spent in business per day
TIME SPENT IN BUSINESS PER
DAY
RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
UP TO 4 HOURS 27 27
4-8 HOURS 22 22
8-12 HOURS 39 39
ABOVE 12 HOURS 12 12
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected, 27% of respondents spend up to 4 hours in business, 22% spend 4-8
hours, 39% spend 8-12 hours and 12% spend above 12 hours.
5) Reasons for being in business
REASONS FOR BEING IN BUSINESS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
DESIRE FOR FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE 22 22
TO CONTROL MY OWN DESTINY 4 4
SELF -ACHIEVEMENT 39 39
NO-JOB 4 4
TO FULFILL FAMILY EXPECTATIONS 3 3
DO NOT WANT TO WORK FOR OTHERS 9 9
TO GAIN SOCIAL RECOGNITION 5 5
TO PURSUE INTEREST 6 6
KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIELD 9 9
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected the reasons for being in business of 22% of the respondents is desire
for financial independence, 4% is controlledtheir destiny, 39% is self-achievement, 4% is no job, 3% is to fulfill family
expectations, 9% is they do not want to work for others, 5% is to gain social recognition, 6% is to pursue interest and 9% is
knowledge in the field.
6) Source of skill for running business
SOURCE OF SKILL FOR RUNNING BUSINESS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
TROUGH FORMAL TRAINING 31 31
FROM PAST EXPERIENCE 33 33
5. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 71
FROM FAMILY 24 24
OTHERS 12 12
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected, 31% of respondents have developed skills through Formal Training,
33% developed skills through Past experience, 24% havedeveloped skills through family and 12% have developed skills
through other sources.
7) Financial Support
FINANCIAL SUPPORT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
OWN CONTRIBUTION 55 55
BORROWED FUNDS 18 18
COMMERCIAL BANK 12 12
PRIVATE MONEY LENDERS 11 11
OTHERS 4 4
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected, 55% of the respondents have their own contribution,18% have
borrowed funds from friends and family,12% have taken a loan from commercial banks,11% have borrowed money from
private money lenders, and other 4% have not disclosed the source of financial support.
8) Types of loans utilized
TYPES OF LOANS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE (%)
TERM LOANS 27 27
SOFT LOANS 25 25
WORKING CAPITAL 21 21
MSME SCHEMES FOR WOMEN 22 22
OTHERS LOANS 5 5
TOTAL 100 100
INTERPRETATION: Based upon the data collected, 27% of the respondents have taken term loans, 25% have taken soft
loans, 21% have taken working capital loans, 22% have taken MSME schemes for women, and 5% have taken other loans.
Data analysis &interpretation
cronbach’s alpha (reliability test, statistics)
TITLE VALUE
QUESTIONNAIRE 0.928
Hypotheses Testing
Null Hypothesis: H0: There is no significant association between Demographic factors and business activities of women
entrepreneurs.
Alternative Hypothesis: HA: There is a significant association between Demographic factors and business activities of
women entrepreneurs.
a) Association of age and business activities of Women Entrepreneurs
H0: Business Activities are independent of Age.
HA: Business Activities are dependent on Age.
Chi square results between age and business activities of women entrepreneurs
S.NO AGE*BUSINESS ACTIVITIES CHI-
SQUARE
DF P FINDINGS DECISION
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 15.618 6 0.016 SIGNIFICANT HOIS REJECTED
2 SECTOR OF ACTIVITIES 34.907 6 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HOIS REJECTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN YEARS) 43.179 9 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HOIS REJECTED
4 TIME SPENT ON BUSINESS 33.974 9 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HOIS REJECTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL
CAPITAL
19.847 12 0.070 NOT
SIGNIFICANT
HO IS ACCEPTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS 8.123 12 0.775 NOT
SIGNIFICANT
HOIS ACCEPTED
6. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 72
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the different age groups of women entrepreneurs and their business activities have
a significant relationship. Except for source of initial capital and types of loans, all other variables are very much significant
to age, and hence Ho is rejected
Association of educational qualification and business activities of women entrepreneurs
H0: Business Activities are independent of educational Qualification.
HA: Business Activities are dependent on educational Qualification
Chi square results between educational qualification and business activities of women entrepreneurs
SLNO EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATION*BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES
CHI-
SQUARE
DF P FINDINGS DECISION
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 27.862 10 0.002 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
2 SECTOR OF ACTIVITIES 37.379 10 0.000 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN YEARS) 66.386 15 0.000 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
4 TIME SPENT ON BUSINESS 36.040 15 0.002 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL CAPITAL 34.154 20 0.025 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS 55.892 20 0.000 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the different educational qualifications of women entrepreneurs and their business
activities have a significant relationship. All variables are very much significant to educational qualification, and hence Ho is
rejected
Association of social-class and business activities of women entrepreneurs
• H0: Business Activities are independent of social-Class.
• HA: Business Activities are dependent on social-Class.
Chi square results between social -class and business activities of women entrepreneurs
S.NO SOCIAL
CLASS*BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES
CHI-SQUARE DF P FINDINGS DECISION
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 8.257 4 0.083 NON-
SIGNIFICANT
H
O
IS
ACCEPTED
2 SECTOR OF
ACTIVITIES
28.102 4 0.000 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN
YEARS)
13.973 6 0.03 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
4 TIME SPENT ON
BUSINESS
13.695 6 0.033 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL
CAPITAL
8.215 8 0.413 NON-
SIGNIFICANT
H
O
IS
ACCEPTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS 15.908 8 0.044 SIGNIFICANT H
O
IS REJECTED
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the different Social Classes of women entrepreneurs and their business activities
have a significant relationship. Except for Size of Enterprise and source of initial capital, all other variables are very much
significant to Social-class, and hence Ho is rejected.
Association of marital status and business activities of women entrepreneurs
• H0: Business Activities are independent of Marital Status.
• HA: Business Activities are dependent on Marital Status.
S.NO MARITAL
STATUS*BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES
CHI-
SQUARE
DF P FINDINGS DECISION
7. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 73
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 5.910 4 0.206 NON-SIGNIFICANT HOIS
ACCEPTED
2 SECTOR OF
ACTIVITIES
19.009 4 0.001 SIGNIFICANT HO IS
REJECTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN
YEARS)
9.056 6 0.170 NON-SIGNIFICANT HO IS
ACCEPTED
4 TIME SPENT ON
BUSINESS
23.199 6 0.001 SIGNIFICANT HO IS
REJECTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL
CAPITAL
23.051 8 0.003 SIGNIFICANT HO IS
REJECTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS 12.268 8 0.140 NON-SIGNIFICANT HO IS
ACCEPTED
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the marital status of women entrepreneurs and 3 of their business activities have a
significant relationship. Except for Size of Enterprise, Experience, and Types of loans, all other variables are very much
significant to Marital Status, and hence Ho is rejected.
ASSOCIATION OF TYPE OF FAMILY AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
• H0: Business Activities are independent of the type of Family.
• HA: Business Activities are dependent on the type of Family.
Chi square results between type of family and business activities of women entrepreneurs
S.NO TYPE OF
FAMILY*BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES
CHI-SQUARE DF P FINDINGS DECISION
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 8.757 2 0.013 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
2 SECTOR OF
ACTIVITIES
4.811 2 0.09 NON-SIGNIFICANT HO IS ACCEPTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN
YEARS)
10.626 3 0.014 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
4 TIME SPENT ON
BUSINESS
6.907 3 0.075 NON-SIGNIFICANT HO IS ACCEPTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL
CAPITAL
7.467 4 0.113 NON-SIGNIFICANT HO IS ACCEPTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS 11.339 4 0.023 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the Type of family of women entrepreneurs and 3 of their business activities have a
significant relationship. Except for the sector of activities, time spent on business and source of initial capital, all other
variables are very much significant to the type of family, and hence Ho is rejected.
Association of family occupation and business activities of women entrepreneurs
• H0: Business Activities are independent of Family Occupation.
• HA: Business Activities are dependent on family Occupation.
Chi square results between family occupation and business activities of women entrepreneurs
S.NO FAMILY
OCCUPATION*BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES
CHI-SQUARE DF P FINDINGS DECISION
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 15.723 6 0.015 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
2 SECTOR OF ACTIVITIES 27.537 6 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN YEARS) 33.797 9 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
4 TIME SPENT ON BUSINESS 27.539 9 0.001 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL CAPITAL 31.215 12 0.002 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS
27.439 12 0.007 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the Family Occupation of women entrepreneurs and their business activities have a
significant relationship. All variables are very much significant to Family occupation, and hence Ho is rejected.
Association of annual income and business activities of women entrepreneurs
• H0: Business Activities are independent of Annual Income.
8. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 74
• HA: Business Activities are dependent on Annual Income
Chi square results between annual income and business activities of women entrepreneurs
S.NO ANNUAL INCOME*BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES
CHI-SQUARE DF P FINDINGS DECISION
1 SIZE OF ENTERPRISE 34.957 8 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
2 SECTOR OF ACTIVITIES 33.020 8 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
3 EXPERIENCE(IN YEARS) 77.592 12 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
4 TIME SPENT ON BUSINESS 57.769 12 0.000 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
5 SOURCE OF INITIAL CAPITAL 28.649 16 0.026 SIGNIFICANT HO IS REJECTED
6 TYPES OF LOANS 20.604 16 0.194 NON-
SIGNIFICANT
HO IS ACCEPTED
From the Chi-square Table, it is clear that the Annual Income of women entrepreneurs and their business activities have a
significant relationship. Except for Types of loans, all other variables are very much significant to Annual Income, and hence
Ho is rejected.
Summary of chi-square showing association between demographic factors and business activities of women
entrepreneurs
VARIABLES BUSINESS ACTIVITIES( P VALUE GIVEN)
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS SE SA EXP TSB SIC TOL DECISION
AGE 0.016
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.070
(NS)
0.775
(NS)
HO IS
REJECTED
EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATION
0.002
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.002
(S)
0.025
(S)
0.000
(S)
HO IS
REJECTED
SOCIAL-CLASS 0.083
(NS)
0.000
(S)
0.030
(S)
0.033
(S)
0.413
(NS)
0.044
(S)
HO IS
REJECTED
MARITAL STATUS 0.206
(NS)
0.001
(S)
0.170
(NS)
0.001
(S)
0.003
(S)
0.140
(NS)
HO IS
REJECTED
TYPE OF FAMILY 0.013
(S)
0.090
(NS)
0.014
(S)
0.075
(NS)
0.113
(NS)
0.023
(S)
HO IS
REJECTED
FAMILY OCCUPATION 0.015
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.001
(S)
0.002
(S)
0.007
(S)
HO IS
REJECTED
ANNUAL INCOME OF
ENTREPRENEURS
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.000
(S)
0.026
(S)
0.194
(NS)
HO IS
REJECTED
As can be observed from the above table, it is evident that H0 is Rejected.This implies that there is an association between
Demographic factors and Business Activities of Women Entrepreneurs. This H01 is rejected and HA1 is accepted, which
implies that there is an association between demographic factors and business activities of Women Entrepreneurs.
Findings and suggestion
From the above interpretations, it is found that,
1. There is a significant association between the age of women entrepreneurs and their business activities.
2. There is a significant association between the educational qualifications of women entrepreneurs and their business
activities.
3. There is a significant association between most of the business activities and social class of women entrepreneurs.
4. There is a significant association between marital status and business activities.
5. There is an association between the type of family of women entrepreneur and three business activities namely size of
enterprise, experience(in years) and types of loans, whereas the other three business activities i.e. sector of activities,
time spent on business and sources of initial capital has no significant association.
6. There is a significant association between family occupation and business activities.
7. There is a significant association between annual income and business activities.
8. It has also been found that there is an association between socio-demographic factors and the business activities of
women entrepreneurs.
9. There is an impact of socio-demographic factors on the entrepreneurship of women.
10. Most of the entrepreneurs are below the age of 40 years, women above the age of 40 years should be encouraged to start
a business by providing necessary training, financial support and most importantly awareness about starting the
Business.
11. Womenwith minimum secondary education are only taking up entrepreneurship. The literates and illiterates should also
be encouraged to start their own business by providing basic training and facilitating the loans to the illiterates as well.
9. CH. Freeda Rebecca Women entrepreneurs in Telangana state (A study on socio-demographic background)
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, ISSN: 2394-2762 75
Conclusion
Based on the research carried out, has been found that there is an association between Various Socio-Demographic factors
and Business Activities. Age, educational qualification, marital status, income, family background and all the factors which
are discussed have an impact on the business activities of Women. It implies that there is a significant impact of socio-
demographic background on the Entrepreneurship among Women.
References
1. V krishnamoorthy1* and r balasubramani2 (2014) motivational factors among women entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial success:
a study issn 2319-345 vol. 3, no. 2, April 2014
2. Jawaharlal Nehru and Shubhra Bhardwaj (2013), “Women Entrepreneurship in Indi: Issues and Problems you can tell the condition of
a nation by looking at the status of its Women”, A Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 7, Pp. 1-9.
3. Rana Zehra Masood, Researches world journal of art science and commerce, 2(1), Jan. 2011. https://www.google.co.in
4. M. Jan, N Shar, (2008), “Entrepreneurship and Women Empowerment”, Sarup and Sons Publishers.
5. http://msmehyd.ap.nic.in/