A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in India and the Emerging Dimensions: A StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Indian society today has witnessed a surge of
women entrepreneurship. There arises a need to examine
the challenges of women entrepreneurs in greater depth.
This study attempts to understand these challenges as well
as explore the dimensions that emerge from these
challenges. The study is based on exploratory qualitative
study of 20 women entrepreneurs in India. The narratives
reveal six major themes: Desire to create self- identity and
derive satisfaction through entrepreneurship, doing what
one loves to do, perceiving risk taking as an enjoyable
experience, entrepreneurship as a medium to contribute to
society, success speaks for itself and willing to learn, unlearn
and relearn.
Designing "Women Entrepreneurship" Programs Community of Practice Session - U...Rami Al-Karmi
Slides used during the "Designing Women Entrepreneurship" Community of Practice Session - by USAID Takamol Gender Program to USAID implementing partners at ZAIN Innovation Campus.
Introduction, features of women entrepreneurship, why women become entrepreneurs, qualities, tips for women entrepreneurs, facilitating factors, opportunities, challenges, problems, remedial measures, steps taken by government, training programs, supporting agencies and about some famous women entrepreneurs
Women today are forming the indispensable part of the society, we are talking about women empowerment, we are talking about breaking the glass ceiling, yet there are many issues that need to be addressed. Learn the insights about women entrepreneurs with a key focus in Indian ecosystem.
A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Edu...ijtsrd
The aim of the present research is to study the career development for working women. Experiences over the life course by analysing career growth and development, career beliefs and norms. This paper focusing on effectiveness of career growth and development for working women in educational institution. Most of the working women facing the problem are definitely common, like mental and physical stress, lack of proper balance between employment and family care, unfair treatment in the workplace, stressful life and workplace discrimination etc. Work life family preference and many women seek uphold from the spouse, family, colleagues, environmental issues and etc. For this purpose primary data for the research is collected with the help of questionnaire and secondary data collected through several factors identified while reviewing the literature, books, online journals, project reports and internet. The results of the study showed that the different age group of working women had different kinds of problems and challenges and different categories as married, single, have different issues at monetarily in the workplace. This all creates big impact of career growth and development and it in turn a challenge for women's career. Dr. V. M. Anitha Rajathi | C. Priyanka "A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Educational Institutes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30867.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30867/a-study-on-career-development-for-working-women-with-special-reference-to-educational-institutes/dr-v-m-anitha-rajathi
Purpose of making this presentation was to explain how is the scope of women entrepreneurship in India. What all are the issues presented in the system which affect women entrepreneurs in India. Ho Indian women entrepreneurs are different than others. What is the total contribution of women entrepreneurs on overall trade practices. It also explains the suggestions to enhance and promote the women entrepreneurs in India.
I hope this will help students to understood the issue well and give them few insights for their own research
Data collection is completely from the secondary sources.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Women play a pivotal role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country and thereby
contribute towards the upliftment of the living standard of its people. An entrepreneur is a creator or a designer
who designs new ideas and processes of business as per the requirements of market and bears all types of risks
involved in an enterprise, organizes various inputs or factors of production and innovates news ideas, concepts,
strategies and methodology in business from time to time. The present paper aims to examine the impediments
faced by women entrepreneurs and study schemes and initiatives undertaken by the government of India for the
betterment of women entrepreneurs.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ...IAEME Publication
Women’s participation in the economic sphere is increasing day by day. This study was conducted to assess the socio economic factors that affect the development of women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappali district. This study is descriptive in nature and mainly primary data is used for this article but to some extent secondary types of data were also incorporated. To execute this research, 120 respondents were taken using simple random sampling. The collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and analytical procedures. After coding and organizing the data, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS .20) software was used to analyze further cleaning. Data analysis showed that economic and technological factors had positive impact upon women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappali district than other social and cultural factors. Hence it is recommended that government and other financial institutions should work with NGOs to strengthen women’s socio economic development through imparting skill training, business oriented information and advising on services.
Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in India and the Emerging Dimensions: A StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Indian society today has witnessed a surge of
women entrepreneurship. There arises a need to examine
the challenges of women entrepreneurs in greater depth.
This study attempts to understand these challenges as well
as explore the dimensions that emerge from these
challenges. The study is based on exploratory qualitative
study of 20 women entrepreneurs in India. The narratives
reveal six major themes: Desire to create self- identity and
derive satisfaction through entrepreneurship, doing what
one loves to do, perceiving risk taking as an enjoyable
experience, entrepreneurship as a medium to contribute to
society, success speaks for itself and willing to learn, unlearn
and relearn.
Designing "Women Entrepreneurship" Programs Community of Practice Session - U...Rami Al-Karmi
Slides used during the "Designing Women Entrepreneurship" Community of Practice Session - by USAID Takamol Gender Program to USAID implementing partners at ZAIN Innovation Campus.
Introduction, features of women entrepreneurship, why women become entrepreneurs, qualities, tips for women entrepreneurs, facilitating factors, opportunities, challenges, problems, remedial measures, steps taken by government, training programs, supporting agencies and about some famous women entrepreneurs
Women today are forming the indispensable part of the society, we are talking about women empowerment, we are talking about breaking the glass ceiling, yet there are many issues that need to be addressed. Learn the insights about women entrepreneurs with a key focus in Indian ecosystem.
A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Edu...ijtsrd
The aim of the present research is to study the career development for working women. Experiences over the life course by analysing career growth and development, career beliefs and norms. This paper focusing on effectiveness of career growth and development for working women in educational institution. Most of the working women facing the problem are definitely common, like mental and physical stress, lack of proper balance between employment and family care, unfair treatment in the workplace, stressful life and workplace discrimination etc. Work life family preference and many women seek uphold from the spouse, family, colleagues, environmental issues and etc. For this purpose primary data for the research is collected with the help of questionnaire and secondary data collected through several factors identified while reviewing the literature, books, online journals, project reports and internet. The results of the study showed that the different age group of working women had different kinds of problems and challenges and different categories as married, single, have different issues at monetarily in the workplace. This all creates big impact of career growth and development and it in turn a challenge for women's career. Dr. V. M. Anitha Rajathi | C. Priyanka "A Study on Career Development for Working Women with Special Reference to Educational Institutes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30867.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30867/a-study-on-career-development-for-working-women-with-special-reference-to-educational-institutes/dr-v-m-anitha-rajathi
Purpose of making this presentation was to explain how is the scope of women entrepreneurship in India. What all are the issues presented in the system which affect women entrepreneurs in India. Ho Indian women entrepreneurs are different than others. What is the total contribution of women entrepreneurs on overall trade practices. It also explains the suggestions to enhance and promote the women entrepreneurs in India.
I hope this will help students to understood the issue well and give them few insights for their own research
Data collection is completely from the secondary sources.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Women play a pivotal role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country and thereby
contribute towards the upliftment of the living standard of its people. An entrepreneur is a creator or a designer
who designs new ideas and processes of business as per the requirements of market and bears all types of risks
involved in an enterprise, organizes various inputs or factors of production and innovates news ideas, concepts,
strategies and methodology in business from time to time. The present paper aims to examine the impediments
faced by women entrepreneurs and study schemes and initiatives undertaken by the government of India for the
betterment of women entrepreneurs.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ...IAEME Publication
Women’s participation in the economic sphere is increasing day by day. This study was conducted to assess the socio economic factors that affect the development of women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappali district. This study is descriptive in nature and mainly primary data is used for this article but to some extent secondary types of data were also incorporated. To execute this research, 120 respondents were taken using simple random sampling. The collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and analytical procedures. After coding and organizing the data, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS .20) software was used to analyze further cleaning. Data analysis showed that economic and technological factors had positive impact upon women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappali district than other social and cultural factors. Hence it is recommended that government and other financial institutions should work with NGOs to strengthen women’s socio economic development through imparting skill training, business oriented information and advising on services.
ISBN 6 A study on Issues and Government support for the development of women ...Dr UMA K
Dr. UMA K “A study on Issues and Government support for the development of women entrepreneurs”, in the Journal of “Gender Sensitization: Equality and opportunities”, in one day national level seminar organized by Maharani’s women commerce and Management College, Mysuru-570012, ISBN: 978-81-940092-2-1, held on 27th February 2020, pp.1-122.
A Study on the Challenges Faces by Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatoreijtsrd
The research paper is to determine the study of the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Coimbatore. Entrepreneur is a person who has new own idea for a start up. Women entrepreneurs work hard to uplift their standard of living as well as the business. This study is about the challenges faced by women entrepreneur and how they face them. This paper is mostly based on primary data and for the identification of these issues, the authors have reviewed different research articles and reports. Findings of this study reveal that lack of balance between family and career, limited access to finance, socio cultural barriers, illiteracy or low level of education, access to networks, inferior complexity, problems faced during marketing, entrepreneurial skills, lack of self confidence and mobility constraints are major problems of women entrepreneurship development. They need more support and help from both society as well as the family to shine more. Research design The researcher followed descriptive research design for the study. Universe of the study The universe of the present study is contact from Coimbatore district, Peelamedu area. Sampling The researcher took the sampling of 60 respondents are women entrepreneur. Sampling method The researcher used Purposive sampling method. Dr. M. Punitha | J. Sivagurunathan "A Study on the Challenges Faces by Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56208.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56208/a-study-on-the-challenges-faces-by-women-entrepreneurs-in-coimbatore/dr-m-punitha
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE SOCIO - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BAMENDA GR...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Entrepreneurship has been the main booster for economic growth as well as a driving force
behind the rapid expansion of the social sector in most countries in the world. Women entrepreneurship in the
Bamenda Grassland has been making a significant impact in the socio-economic sector of the Economy. The
objective of this study was to investigate the domains of engagements of Women Social entrepreneurs and
analyze the contributions they made towards the Socio – economic development of the Bamenda Grassland. A
wide range of primary and secondary sources were exploited using qualitative and quantitative research
methods. Primary data was collected on four different Women Social entrepreneurial Organizations. The
secondary data was collected from library search, documentations from different organizations, and the internet.
Their domains of interventions included; environmental protection and sustainable forest exploitation, health,
agro-pastoral production, social services through sensitization campaigns, advocacy, trainings and women’s
empowerment programs. The findings revealed that the engagements of these women social entrepreneurs made
great strides contributing towards the socio - economic development of the Bamenda Grassland. They were
instrumental in creating job opportunities, innovations, inducing economic growth, solving environmental
problems, promoting women’s empowerment, providing forums for women suffering from social vices linked to
Gender Based Violence to speak out.
KEYWORDS:Bamenda Grassland, Entrepreneurship,Socio-Economic Development, Women.
Women entrepreneurs’ play an important role in local economies and a large percentage of micro -
enterprises in developing countries are undertaken
by women. Rural women frequently have primary responsibility for agricultural production, in addition to domes
tic responsibilities and childcare. In developing country like India where economic status of women is very
pathetic especially in rural areas and opportunities of earning are very less in this scenario the Self Help Groups (SHGs) have paved the way for economic independence of rural women. This paper reviews concisely the literature in
this field and addresses in particular opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in rural areas. It examined the impact on women empowerment through micro entrepreneurship development and SHGs.
The primary objective of the present study is to identify the constraints and problems faced by women entrepreneurs while starting and managing their enterprise in Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Women entrepreneurs in manufacturing, trading and servicing sector were selected .100 samples were selected through simple random sampling. Primary data was collected through interview schedule. Data collected was suitably tabulated and analyzed and further conclusions were drawn. This paper also suggests some measures on the part of government and other organizations supporting the growth of women entrepreneurship. Suggestions are also given for existing and potential women entrepreneurs.
Women Empowerment through SHGs in India and Andhra Pradeshpaperpublications3
Abstract: The self-help group is functioning very effective dimension role at creating rural livelihood at sustain, the savings and bank linkages are eliminating poverty and creating the effective social functions by participating women at village level committees as a member at each and every village level committees. The self help group members are very active part of an economical status, through Banks they are getting the loan, and loan amount is utilizing for purposeful fields and at their children education, economic activity. And it creates self-reliance, self-esteem, self-production, joint responsibility, self-determination by mobilizing internal indigenous resources of the person the group. In this paper attempt to women empowerment through SHGs in India and Andhra Pradesh.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG WO...IAEME Publication
Entrepreneurial motivation is the key to success for transferring entrepreneurial initiatives into a successful venture subsequently transforming an ordinary individual to a powerful businessman, who can create opportunities and helps in maximizing wealth and economic development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the key factors, which motivate women to take up entrepreneurial activity and to understand its role in increasing Entrepreneurial intention towards women entrepreneurs in Indian micro, small and medium enterprises in addition, it will help in understanding the relationship between motivation, entrepreneurial potential and intention through hypothesis testing. The paper adopts an exploratory and descriptive research design capitalizing on authentic and reliable secondary data through exhaustive studies of reputed journals/literatures, government sources. A sample of 200 respondents from all across the Tiruchirappali district (Tamilnadu) has been collected from women entrepreneurs for this study in order to understand the motivational factors and its role in increasing entrepreneurial intention, using cluster and snowball sampling on selfadministered questionnaire. Strong correlations were found between motivational factors, perceived desirability, entrepreneurial potential and intention and hence confirmed that all the measures in the instrument were well constructed. Based on this finding, this study among others recommends that women entrepreneurs should take some time to study the relationship between the motivating factors of women entrepreneurs face in business before starting their own business.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA: PRESENT STATUS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTSMichael George
“No war can be fought without the help of the better half of our society”. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. The term “Women Entrepreneurship” refers to an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically increases their economic strength & position in society. Despite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their contributions to their respective field and the economy as a whole. The hidden entrepreneurial potential of women has gradually been changing their role and economic status in the society. Women are increasingly being conscious of their existence & their rights. However, New Industrial policy of 2009-14 and other schemes are helping the women entrepreneurs in the form of generation of employment, income and to improve their social status. Women leaders are Risk takers, opportunist, innovator, flexible, ambitious, enthusiastic, and hard-working. They need to be lauded for their increased utilization of modern technology, increased investment, finding a niche in the expect market, creating a sizable employment for others and setting the trend for other woman entrepreneurs in the organized sector. The study analyses their present status, reasons that have prompted them to unleash their entrepreneurial energies into start-ups and the different challenges faced by them. The study finally concludes to what extents the various support systems in India can further foster a conducive ecosystem for them.
Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference to the Thane Dis...ijtsrd
Womens entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon that is slowly developing as society becomes more aware of the duties, responsibilities, and economic status of women in general and the family in particular. A woman entrepreneur is a person who takes on difficult responsibilities in order to fulfil her personal wants and achieve financial independence. Many women possess this quality, but because they were never given the chance to show off their skills, they are unaware of their true potential. Starting and running a business is extremely risky and challenging for women business owners because, historically, women in Indian society have always been seen as inferior to men. This has changed as womens educational levels have increased and as society has become more aware of the importance of women in society. By engaging in a variety of professions and services, women have been effective in escaping the confines of their homes. In terms of business savvy, women entrepreneurs have demonstrated parity with their male colleagues, and they are emerging as intelligent and innovative businesspeople. The economies of practically all nations are seeing significant growth in the number of women owned companies. With increased awareness of womens roles and economic standing in society, the latent entrepreneurial potentials of women have slowly changed. Women are increasingly entering the business world for a variety of reasons, chief among them being skill, expertise, and adaptability. Women Entrepreneur refers to a person who takes on demanding roles in order to meet her own requirements and achieve financial independence. Despite the fact that the government has organised women into several associations, they are not yet prepared to start their own business. Women are less inclined to create businesses than men are because of unwarranted fears, a lack of motivation, and certain types of activities. This paper attempts to look into the issues and difficulties that women business owners in Thane District encounter. Surabhi Gupta | Prof. Dr. S. B. Sawant "Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: With Special Reference to the Thane District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/54025/problems-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs-with-special-reference-to-the-thane-district/surabhi-gupta
Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference to the Thane Dis...ijtsrd
Womens entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon that is slowly developing as society becomes more aware of the duties, responsibilities, and economic status of women in general and the family in particular. A woman entrepreneur is a person who takes on difficult responsibilities in order to fulfil her personal wants and achieve financial independence. Many women possess this quality, but because they were never given the chance to show off their skills, they are unaware of their true potential. Starting and running a business is extremely risky and challenging for women business owners because, historically, women in Indian society have always been seen as inferior to men. This has changed as womens educational levels have increased and as society has become more aware of the importance of women in society. By engaging in a variety of professions and services, women have been effective in escaping the confines of their homes. In terms of business savvy, women entrepreneurs have demonstrated parity with their male colleagues, and they are emerging as intelligent and innovative businesspeople. The economies of practically all nations are seeing significant growth in the number of women owned companies. With increased awareness of womens roles and economic standing in society, the latent entrepreneurial potentials of women have slowly changed. Women are increasingly entering the business world for a variety of reasons, chief among them being skill, expertise, and adaptability. Women Entrepreneur refers to a person who takes on demanding roles in order to meet her own requirements and achieve financial independence. Despite the fact that the government has organised women into several associations, they are not yet prepared to start their own business. Women are less inclined to create businesses than men are because of unwarranted fears, a lack of motivation, and certain types of activities. This paper attempts to look into the issues and difficulties that women business owners in Thane District encounter. Surabhi Gupta | Prof. Dr. S. B. Sawant "Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: With Special Reference to the Thane District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54025.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/54025/problems-faced-by-women-entrepreneurs-with-special-reference-to-the-thane-district/surabhi-gupta
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Conducive and inhibiting factors to the development of women entrepreneurship
1. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol.3, No.8, 2013
28
Conducive and Inhibiting Factors to the Development of Women
Entrepreneurship
Pratima Pawar
Department of Sociology, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad,431004, Maharashtra
State, India.
*Pratimapawar2009@yahoo.com.
Abstract
In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are significant for the economic development of a country in
general and development of women in particular. Now a days a number of women are seeking professional
education to enter into an independent business/professional activities. They have entered in independent
business/professional activities such as manufacturing, trading and a number of professional activities such as
doctors, archictects, lawers, beauticians etc. The present empirical study has been carried out in Aurangabad city
of Marathwada region in Maharashtra, India. In the sphere of entrepreneurial development, women are
constrained by a variety of socio-economic factors. Therefore it is important to understand conducive and
inhibiting factors to the development of women entrepreneurship. The present study was conducted to
understand the factors, conducive as well as inhibiting, to the development of women entrepreneurship in
Aurangabad , one of the cities of Maharashtra State in India.
Key Words: Economic Growth, Conducive Factor, Inhibiting factor, Entrepreneurship.
1. Introduction:
A number of Social scientists have contended that entrepreneurship is a key variable that links the socio –cultural
milieu, with the rate of economic development (Deshpande 1982). Many economists now recognise the role of
social factors in economic growth and some have gone to the extent of including concepts developed in the
discipline of sociology and social psychology in to their overall analysis. Most sociological analysts, on the other
hand, following the tradition of Max Weber, have placed a major independent emphasis on the effect of values in
fostering economic development (Lipset 2000). Thus socio-cultural factors play a important role in the
development of any country.
Earlier women, almost one half of the total population, were, by and large, confined to household chores and
strictly to family affairs. Their skills, capabilities, abilities and potentialities were all confined to the four walls
of the house. With the opening up of the economy, the exposure to social and cultural practices of the modern
capitalist world, the influence of rapidly growing communication networks around the world, the growing
consumerism due to advanced techniques of salesmanship for the promotion of individually own ventures, and
the relaxed rules and restrictions besides various export promotion programmes have had a profound influence
on the Indian women particularly those belonging to the middle class (Begum 2006).
Today women are increasingly seeking entrepreneurship as an independent avenue for economic growth. In the
developing countries like India, the presence of women entrepreneurs is a vital necessity to achieve rapid all-
round and regionally and socially balanced economic growth through industrialisation (Ibid 13).
There are a number of factors that play an important role in determining women’s entry into and the further
development and promotion of women as entrepreneurs.
The present empirical study has been carried out in Aurangabad city of Marathwada region in Maharashtra,
India. Aurangabad is the divisional capital of Marathwada region. Therefore it is important to understand
conducive and inhibiting factors to the development of women entrepreneurship.
2. The Concept of Entrepreneur and Women Entrepreneurship:
The word 'Entrepreneur' comes from the French word 'entrepreneur' which means to do something. It was
originally used in the middle ages in the sense of a person who is active, who gets things done (Swedberg 2000).
During the early 16th
century, the Frenchmen who organized and led military expeditions were referred to as
'Entrepreneurs'. Around 1700 A.D. the term was used for Architects and Contractors of Public Works (Desai
2004).
Kamala Singh defined a woman entrepreneur as "Confident, innovative, and creative woman capable of
achieving self economic independence, individually or, in collaboration, who generates employment
opportunities for others through initiating, establishing and running an enterprise by keeping pace with her
personal, family and social life" (Singh 1992).
2. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
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In the present research work, the researcher defined a woman entrepreneur as," a woman who is innovative,
creative and who establishes her own business and provides some unique kind of services to the society,
individually or in collaboration by generating employment to others."
3. Review of Literature:
Rao, Harinarayana (1991) has carried out a study to assess the factors which inhibit and slow down the
process of entrepreneurial development among women in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The study was
conducted on 81 rural women entrepreneurs. It is revealed in the study that poor financial status, lack of co-
operation from the family and society, widespread illiteracy and ignorance were some of the hindrances in the
way of development of women entrepreneurship.
Das Mallika (1999) has carried out an exploratory study of women entrepreneurs from two Southern
Indian States of Tamilnadu and Kerala. The study examines their reasons for starting a business and compares
women who started their own business for different reasons. It also looks at operational problems being faced by
women entrepreneurs and the work-family conflicts experienced by women entrepreneurs. This exploratory
study indicated that there are both similarities and differences between the experiences of women from the
developing and developed worlds.Cash flow problem was the most frequently stated bottleneck, followed by
‘inadequate working capital’, ‘product quality’, lack of managerial experience and lack of time were some of the
problems faced by women in the study.
Manimekala and Rajeshwari (2000) analysed the nature of entrepreneurial activities at the micro level
and their problems in successfully running the enterprise by studying a sample of 30 women entrepreneurs in
Tiruchirapalli district. The study reveals that the majority of the entrepreneurs were Hindus and the remaining
were Muslims and Christians. Majority of the entrepreneurs came from business and industrial backgrounds and
most of them were married to business families. It was also revealed in the study that majority of them did not
face any problems severely by virtue of being women. Non-availability of quality raw material, non-sanctioning
of the loan by banks and lack of co-operation from family members were some of the problems faced by the
women entrepreneurs.
Kalyani and Chandralekha (2002) have conducted an exploratory survey of a sample of 300 women
entrepreneurs in two districts namely Cuddaph and Tirupati of Andhra Pradesh. This study dwells upon factors
that motivate women to initiate the launching of enterprises and also tries to understand the factors which act as
constraints and support their effective association in managing the enterprises. This study brings forth the
observation that socio-economic and demographic characteristics have a significant impact on the involvement
of women entrepreneurs particularly when it comes to enterprise management. Many of them do receive help
from their family members particularly the male members in carrying out various kinds of work.
Kumar Anil (2005) has conducted a study on women entrepreneurs in Delhi city. A sample of 75
women entrepreneurs had been selected for the purpose of the study. The study focused on the profile of women
entrepreneurs, constraints, that a woman entrepreneur normally faces both at the time of commencement of
business and during the course of business and also income, investment and sources of finance used by women
entrepreneurs. The study pointed out that, Most of the women entrepreneurs are facing the problem of finance
and marketing. Moreover, the present schemes for making finance available have a lot of bottlenecks and gaps.
4. Methodology:
The present empirical Study in Aurangabad city intends to understand conducive as well as inhibiting factors to
the development of women entrepreneurship. The study is descriptive in nature. The universe for the present
study constituted all the women entrepreneurs working in Aurangabad city from two sectors: manufacturing and
trading.
No organized efforts were made earlier on the part of the government or on the part of the non government
organization to prepare an exhaustive list of entrepreneurs in manufacturing and trading sectors from
Aurangabad city.
By using snow ball technique the researcher herself had to prepare a list of women entrepreneurs to be
used as a sampling frames for the present study. Out of total ninety three respondents (45 from manufacturing
and 48 from Trading sector) in Aurangabad city fifty six women entrepreneurs (26 from manufacturing and 30
from trading sector) were purposively selected as sample entrepreneurs.
5. Objectives of the Study: The major two-fold objectives of the present study were:
1) To understand the conducive factors to the development of women entrepreneurship.
2) To understand the inhibiting factors to the development of women entrepreneurship.
3. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
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6. Factors Conducive to the Development of Women Entrepreneurship
A number of factors play an important role in determining women's entry into and the further development and
promotion of women as entrepreneurship. The factors which are considered to be conducive by the respondents
for women's entry into and further development of entrepreneurship have been discussed in this paper.
6.1 Proper Age to start the Business / Profession to Achieve Success:
Age is an important criterion to be considered for one's entry into a business / profession. Respondents’ opinions
with regard to the proper age- group to enter into business / profession were collected. The respondents’ opinions
regarding the proper age- group to start business / profession are presented in table no.6.1.
The respondents’ responses presented in the table no.6.1 indicate that an overwhelming majority (82 percent) of
the respondents were of the opinion that the proper age to start the business / profession was between 21 to 30
years, and (12 percent) saying that it was between 31 to 40 years.
Thus it is clearly revealed in the study that an overwhelming majority of the respondents were found to have
expressed their opinion that proper age to enter the business was between 21 to 30 years. Because this is the age-
group in which women feel relatively young and energetic. And to run any business/profession one must require
good physical stamina, courage which one can possess comparatively in the younger age. Thus, entry in the
enterprise at a relatively young age is considered as conducive factor by the respondents in this study.
6.2 Professional Education:
Professional education is considered to be an important facilitating factor for the development of women
entrepreneurship. It is very difficult to enter and succeed in business/ profession without the achievement of
professional education. Respondents’ opinions regarding the importance of professional education to run the
business were collected and they are presented in the table no.6.2.
The table no.6.2 clearly reveals that, an overwhelming majority of the respondents (73 Percent) were found to
consider professional education as the most important whereas 11 percent were found to consider professional
education as of medium importance. Among the remaining, 8 percent were found to consider professional
education as the least important and another 8 percent were found to consider professional education as not
important at all. Thus, the overall majority of the respondents considered professional education to be the most
important conducive factor to enter into an independent entrepreneurial activity.
Free education policy of government for a girl child, various programmes of women’s empowerment in the last
quarter of the 20th century has increased the educational awareness among the women. Due to it many women
have started taking various kind of professional education to enter into different kinds of business/professional
activity. Because education helps individual to think and act the way individual wants to do.
6.3 Family Professional Background:
Family business/Professional background influences one's entry into the independent business/ profession.
Therefore, respondents’ opinions regarding the relationship between the family professional background and the
level of success in the business/profession were collected.
The data regarding the relationship between these two variables as perceived by the respondents are presented in
the table no.6.3.
It is seen from the data presented in the table no.6.3 that, a majority (39 percent) of the respondents were found
to be in a agreement that there is a close relationship between the family professional background and the
professional success, 32 percent of the respondents said that there is no relationship between family professional
background and success in the business, where as 29 percent of the respondents said that there is a relationship
between these variables to some extent.
It is relatively easy for a person to enter into and achieve success in a business/profession, who is having
business/professional background than the person who does not have such background. On the whole, as
reflected in the respondents’ opinions, it appears that the family professional background is a conducive factor
for the success in the entrepreneurship activity.
6.4 Relationship between Birth in a particular Caste and success in entrepreneurial Activity.
In India social stratification is based on Caste. It means Caste influences almost all aspects of social life.
Therefore, a question was asked to the respondents seeking their opinions about the relationship between the
birth in a particular caste and the success in the business / profession. The responses given by the respondents are
presented in the table no.6.4.
It can be seen from the data presented in the table no.6.4 that 45 percent of the respondents think that there is a
positive relationship between one's caste, and success in one's business / profession to great extent and another
24 percent think that there is a relationship between the two to a certain extent only.
4. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
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Thus, a majority of the respondents (45+24=69 Percent) opined that there is some degree of positive relationship
between caste and success in an entrepreneurial activity. As against this, 31 percent of the respondents think that
there is no relationship between them.
In India some castes and communities are considered as business communities such as Guajarati’s, Marwari’s
and Punjabi. As McClelland supported n achievement as a major psychological dimension, which is important in
the development of entrepreneurship. Thomas Cochran has formulated a sociological theory of entrepreneurial
supply. The key elements in his system are cultural values, role expectations and social sanctions. According to
Weber Indians lacks entrepreneurial skills because of values antithetical to it. But as an exception some
castes/communities in India such as Guajarati’s, Marwari’s and Punjabi are considered as traditional business
communities. It is easier to them to enter into an independent business/professional activity because they possess
values required for it.
7. Factors Inhibiting to the Development of Women Entrepreneurship.
In our society a women still receives a secondary status in the family.Generally women does not enter the
business line or independent profession due to a number of obstacles in their way. Some such factors inhibiting
the development of women entrepreneurship were identified on the basis of responses of the respondents in the
present study.
7.1 Unfavourable Traditional Societal Attitude:
In general, societal attitude towards women’s entry in the entrepreneurial activity is still not so favourable; it is
because tradition bound persons in society question women’s independent abilities. However, recently women
have shown that they are not inferior to men. Women have started entering in all the fields including the
entrepreneurial activities.
Yet the situation is quite different in metropolitan cities in India and small towns and cities such as Aurangabad
where one finds elements of tradition along with that of modernity. Hence, an attempt was made in this study to
understand the respondents perception regarding the societal attitude towards women entrepreneurs.
The responses received to a question in this regard have been presented in the table no.7.1.
The table no.7.1 indicates that only 43 percent of the respondents have opined that the societal attitude towards
women is favourable to a great extent. As againt this majority (46 percent) of the respondents opined that the
societal attitude is favourable only to some extent and 11 percent of the respondents opined that the societal
attitude is not favourable at all
It is revealed from the data that a majority of the respondents opined that the societal attitude towards women
entrepreneurs is not very favourable. Despite constitutional equality, women are still discriminated by the male
dominated society. The data thus strongly indicate that in general, tradition bound unfavourable societal attitude
still prevails in smaller city such as Aurangabad. And this unfavourable societal attitude towards women
entrepreneurs could be regarded as the inhibiting factor in the context of the development of women
entrepreneurship in Aurangabad.
7.2 Problems Faced While Getting the Loan Sanctioned:
In setting up of an enterprise it is necessary to raise loan from some financial organisation. In case of women
entrepreneurs, they are likely to face a number of problems in raising loan from banks, because banks are not
ready to sanction the loan unless they are fully satisfied with the repayment ability of the party concerned. In this
case it is interesting to understand the experiences of the women entrepreneurs. To understand respondents’
experiences the question asked was, “Did you face any problem while getting the loan sanctioned from the
banks?” The responses thus collected are presented accordingly in the table no.7.2.
The data revealed in the above table no.7.2 that, in case of 32 percent of the respondents opined that they did not
face any problems while getting the loan sanctioned. Almost 29 percent of the respondents opined that the
procedure of loan sanctioning is tedious. To 27 percent of the respondents this question did not arise because
they were found to have started their units without financial assistance from the banks. 7 percent of the
respondents also opined that they have experienced negative attitude on the part of the bankers. 5 percent of the
respondents opined that their loan was sanctioned but not received on time. In brief, about the problems faced by
the respondents in raising loans from the banks, it can be summarised that in case of 41 percent of the
respondents who were found to have experienced a number of problems in getting the loans sanctioned.
In general it appears that the attitude of the bankers was not conducive towards women entrepreneurs. In Indian
society very few women have property on their names. Therefore, bank officers feel it risky to provide financial
assistance to women owned units. Bankers show distrust mainly because they suspect repayment ability of the
women. Thus the problems created by the banks appear to be the inhibiting or negative factor in starting their
business/professional units.
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7.3 Discouraging Attitude of Some Government Officers:
Doing a business/profession is a very difficult task. In case of women it becomes a more difficult because as
compared to men women have to face more difficulties while doing business/ profession. To seek information
regarding the respondents experiences in the Government offices, the question that was asked to the sample
respondents was: “What experiences have you faced in the Government offices?” The responses obtained are
presented in the table no.7.3.
The data in the table no.7.3 indicate that, 50 percent of the respondents opined that Government officers did help
them in case of their work. However, as many as 50 percent of the respondents had to face discouraging attitude
of the Government officials, 21 percent opined that the Government officers always help by taking some bribe,
17 percent respondents opined that they were not so willing to give information about various Government
schemes etc, and 12 percent opined that the Government officers neglected them and their attitude was found to
be negative towards business women.
It indicates that attitude towards business women in the Government offices was not found to be conducive for
the development of women entrepreneurship.
Conclusions:
It is revealed from the study that entry in the enterprise at a relatively young age, professional education, family
professional background, birth in a particular caste are found to be conducive for women’s entry into and further
development of entrepreneurship. It is also revealed in a study that a number of obstacles inhibit women’s entry
into entrepreneurship and these inhibiting factors are unfavorable traditional societal attitude towards women,
obstacles in the procedure of loan sanctioning, discouraging attitude of government officers. To some extent in
the present context some factors are conducive for women’s entry into an independent economic activity but still
many factors are inhibiting to women to enter into an independent business activity. A number of studies
indicate that although number of women are entering into a entrepreneurial activity they are still facing certain
problems. Despite efforts of Government and semi-Government organizations there are certain gaps. Therefore
there is a need to encourage women to take part in a various entrepreneurial activities.
References
Begum, Mustiary.(2006),Women Entrepreneurship in India: Challenges and Strategies.University News: A
Weekly Journal of Higher Education,44(15),13-16.
Das, Mallika.(1999). Women Entrepreneurs from Southern India. The Journal of Entrepreneurship,8(2),147-
163.
Desai, Vasant.(2004), Small-Scale Industries and Entrepreneurship, Mumbai, Himalaya Publishing House,356.
Deshpande,Manohar.(1982), Entrepreneurship of Small Scale Industries: Concepts,Growth,Management,New
Delhi,Deep and Deep Publications,34.
Kalyani, W., & Chandralekha, K.(2002).Association between Socio-Economic Demographic Profile and
Involvement of Women Entrepreneurs in Their Enterprise Management. The Journal of
Entrepreneurship,11(2),219-247.
Kumar, Anil. (2005).Entrepreneurship and Employment in Metropolitan Cities. New Delhi. Deep and Deep
Publications.
Manimekala & Rajeshwari,G.(2000). Nature of Women Entrepreneurship In Tiruchirapalli.Sedme,27(2),69-
86.
Lipset, Seymour, Martin.(2000),Values and Entrepreneurship In the Americas, Swedberg Richard,
Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View, New Delhi, Oxford University Press,110.
Rao, Harinarayana.(1991).Promotion of Women Entrepreneurship. Sedme . 18(2) 21-28.
Singh , Kamala.(1992), Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi, Ashish Publishing House,12.
Swedberg, Richard.(2000),The Social Science View Of Entrepreneurship: Introduction and Practical
Applications. Richard Swedberg. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View, New Delhi, Oxford University
Press, 11.
6. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
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Vol.3, No.8, 2013
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Table 6.1
Proper Age- group to start the Business: Respondents’ Opinions
Sr. No. Age- Groups Frequency Percentage
1. 18-20 years 03 6.00
2. 21-30 years 46 82.14
3. 31-40 years 07 11.86
Total 56 100.00
Table 6.2
Importance of Professional Education: Respondents’ Opinions
Sr.
No
Importance of Professional education Frequency Percentage
1. Most Important 41 73.2
2. Medium Important 6 10.8
3. Less Important 4 8.0
4. Not Important 5 8.0
Total 56 100.00
Table 6.3
Family Professional Background and success in Business
Sr.
No
Family Professional background and success Frequency Percentage
1. Close relationship between them 22 39.28
2. Relationship to some extent 16 28.57
3. No Relationship between them 18 32.15
Total 56 100.00
7. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
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Table 6.4
Relationship between Birth in a Particular Caste and success
Sr. No Relationship between caste and success in business Frequency Percentage
1. Relationship to a great extent 27 44.8
2. Relationship to some extent 13 24.0
3. No relationship between them 16 31.2
Total 56 100.00
Table 7.1
Societal Attitude towards Women Entrepreneur: Respondents’ Perception:
Sr.no Societal Attitude Frequency Percentage
1 Attitude favourable to a great extent 24 42.85
2 Attitude favourable only to a some extent 26 46.42
3 Attitude is not favourable. 06 10.73
Total 56 100.00
8. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
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Vol.3, No.8, 2013
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Table 7.2.
Problems Faced While Getting the Loan Sanctioned: Distribution of Respondents:
Sr.no. Problems faced while getting the
loan sanctioned
Frequency Percentage
1 Procedure of loan sanctioning is
tedious
16 28.57
2 Loan sanctioned but not received
on due time
3 5.35
3 Negative attitude of bankers and
they were not confident
4 7.14
4 Did not face any problems 18 32.16
5 Not applicable 15 26.78
Total 56 100.00
Table 7.3
Respondents experiences of Government Officials:
Sr.no Experiences In the government
Offices
Frequency Percentage
1 They neglected me and their
attitude was negative
07 12.50
2 They were reluctant to give desired
information
09 16.50
3 Government officers always help
us by taking bribe
12 21.00
4 They helped us 28 50.0
Total 56 100.00
Pratima Pawar ( AP’96-AP’10) became a Assistant Professor of Sociology in 1996 and Associate Professor of
Sociology in 2010.She was born in Kolhapur ( Maharashtra,India ) on 11th
May,1973. She has graduated in the
subject of Sociology from Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India, in 1993 and also post
graduated in the subject of Sociology from the same university in 1995. Her areas of specialization are Sociology
of Gender and Sociology of Development. At present, she is a Associate Professor and Head in the Department
of Sociology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
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