Wireless WANs use cellular networks and satellites to transmit data over vast distances. They provide connectivity inside and outside buildings using technologies like CDMA, GSM, and GPRS. Key components include small, mobile user devices, radio network interface cards, cell towers as base stations, and satellites in orbit that receive and transmit signals. Wireless WANs come in cellular-based and space-based varieties, with cellular systems using cell towers and data gateways and satellite systems using orbiting satellites and ground-based antennas and base stations. Modulation techniques for wireless transmission include FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA.
This is a power point Presentation about wifi and the various standards of IEEE used for the transmission of data over the wireless network.
You must have encountered with term 802.11.a/b/g/n of your wireless network device.
This presentation will break the ice for your knowledge about those terms, their standards and how they get connected.
Let's Get Started.
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
Introduction to Cellular Mobile System,
Performance criteria,
uniqueness of mobile radio environment,
operation of cellular systems,
Hexagonal shaped cells,
Analog Cellular systems.
Digital Cellular systems
Medium Access Control :-
1.Distributed Operation
2.Synchronization
3.Hidden Terminals
4.Exposed terminals
5.Throughput
6.Access delay
7.Fairness
8.Real-time Traffic support
9.Resource reservation
10.Ability to measure resource availability
11.Capability for power control
Adaptive rate control
Use of directional antennas
GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover-
Security-GSM SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and
service data mgt –-Mobile Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks – GPRS –
Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-
combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing
This is a power point Presentation about wifi and the various standards of IEEE used for the transmission of data over the wireless network.
You must have encountered with term 802.11.a/b/g/n of your wireless network device.
This presentation will break the ice for your knowledge about those terms, their standards and how they get connected.
Let's Get Started.
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
Introduction to Cellular Mobile System,
Performance criteria,
uniqueness of mobile radio environment,
operation of cellular systems,
Hexagonal shaped cells,
Analog Cellular systems.
Digital Cellular systems
Medium Access Control :-
1.Distributed Operation
2.Synchronization
3.Hidden Terminals
4.Exposed terminals
5.Throughput
6.Access delay
7.Fairness
8.Real-time Traffic support
9.Resource reservation
10.Ability to measure resource availability
11.Capability for power control
Adaptive rate control
Use of directional antennas
GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover-
Security-GSM SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and
service data mgt –-Mobile Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks – GPRS –
Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-
combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Wireless WANs
1. Wireless WANs Aram Mostowfi aram2700@hotmail.com MCA – University Of Madras
2. Wireless WAN Components Networking over vast distances Provides coverage inside & outside buildings. Use Cellular networks for data transmission like: CDMA, GSM, GPRS. Wireless WAN user devices. Radio NICs Base Stations Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
3. Wireless WAN User Devices Are Small for Easy Mobility Data Collector Mobile Phones PDA Laptop Wireless WAN User Devices Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
4. Wireless WAN Radio NIC: To interface a laptop or PDA to a wireless WAN, you need to purchase an applicable wireless WAN radio NIC (Network Interface Controller). Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
5. Wireless WAN Base Station 1- Cell towers: these base stations rely on wires to connect to a distribution system that provides switching and an interface to the Internet. In most cases, the towers reside outdoors to provide maximum coverage. Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
6. Wireless WAN Base Station 2- Satellite in orbit: On the ground, a user aims a dish antenna at the satellite, and the satellite receives the signal and retransmits the signal back to an Earth station. Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
7. Wireless WAN Wireless WAN Systems: 1- Cellular-Based Wireless WANs. Cell towers, Concentrators, Voice Switches & Data gateways. 2- Space-Based Wireless WANs. Earth orbiting satellites, Base Station, Antenna. Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
8. Cellular-Based Wireless WANs The cell tower receives signals from user devices and transmits information back to the user. The component that makes the system a wireless WAN is the data gateway. The gateway is able to interface with data protocols in a way that makes it possible for users to surf the Internet, send and receive e-mails, and utilize corporate applications. Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
9. Cellular-Based Wireless WANs SMS is a wireless form of the familiar instant messaging which is a text messaging system capable of sending a couple hundred characters at a time. Many web sites use Wireless Markup Language (WML) to transform regular web pages into a format that is more easily read on a small device, such as a PDA or cell phone. WML also reduces the graphics on the page to compensate for the slower data rates of wireless WAN technologies. Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
10.
11. Using modem to connect PC to cellular system, (Digital Signal => Analog Signal).
28. 2way exchange of data, allowing a user to send data up to the satellite (and vice versa).Aram Mostowfi - University Of Madras - aram2700@hotmail.com
29.
30. To obtain global coverage, a minimum of three satellites is required.
