This document defines and describes several types of computer networks: - Local Area Networks (LANs) connect devices within a small geographic area like a home or office building. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) span larger areas like a city or campus. Wide Area Networks (WANs) can connect LANs over long distances, even worldwide. - Personal Area Networks (PANs) connect devices in close proximity, within a few meters. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) allow devices to connect within a LAN via wireless transmission. Storage Area Networks (SANs) provide block-level data storage access. - Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less networks

1. TYPES OF
NETWORK
Assignment
Submitted to;
Sir Salman Naseer
Submitted by;
Ali Ijaz
BC14029

2. Local Area Network (LAN)
A LAN is a networkthat is used for communicating
among computer devices,usually within an office
building or home.
LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files
or hardware devices that may be needed by
multiple users
Is limitedin size,typically spanning a fewhundred
meters, and no more than a mile
Is fast, with speeds from10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
Requires little wiring,typically a single cable
connecting to each device.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a large
campus.
A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area
than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings
to entire cities.
A MAN might be owned and operated by a single
organization, but it usually will be used by many
individuals and organizations.
A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow
sharing of regional resources.
A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50
km diameter.

4. Wide Area Network (WAN)
 WAN covers a large geographic area such as country,
continent or even whole of the world.
 A WAN is two or more LANs connected together. The LANs
can be many miles apart.
 To cover great distances, WANs may transmit data over
leased high-speed phone lines or wireless links such as
satellites.
 Multiple LANs can be connected together using devices
such as bridges, routers, or gateways, which enable them
to share data.
 The world's most popular WAN is the Internet.

5. Personal Area Network (PAN)
 A PAN is a network that is used for communicating among
computers and computer devices (including telephones) in
close proximity of around a few meters within a room
 It can be used for communicating between the devices
themselves, or for connecting to a larger network such as
the internet.
 PAN’s can be wired or wireless
 A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used
for communication among computer devices, including
telephones and personal digital assistants,in proximity to
an individual's body.
 The devices may or may not belong to the person in
question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters.

6. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
 A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless computer
network that links two or more devices usinga wireless distribution
method (often spread-spectrum or OFDM radio)within a limited
area such as a home, school,computer laboratory,oroffice building.
 This gives users the abilityto move around within a local coverage
area and still be connected to the network, and can provide a
connection to the wider Internet.
 Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards,marketed
under the Wi-Fi brand name.
 Wireless LANs have become popularin the home due to ease of
installationand use, and in commercial complexes offering wireless
access to their customers;often for free.
 New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to provide city
workers in all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access.

7. Storage Area Network (SAN)
 A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated networkthat provides
access to consolidated, blocklevel data storage.
 SANs are primarilyused to enhance storage devices, such as disk
arrays, tape libraries,and optical jukeboxes,accessible to servers so
that the devices appearlike locallyattached devices to
the operatingsystem.
 A SAN typicallyhas its own network of storage devices that are
generallynot accessible through the local area network (LAN) by
other devices.
 The cost and complexityof SANs dropped in the early 2000s to
levels allowingwider adoption across both enterprise and small to
medium sized business environments.
 A SAN does not provide file abstraction,onlyblock-level operations.

8. Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET)
 A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuouslyself-
configuring,infrastructure-less networkofmobile devices
connected without wires.
 Each device in a MANET is free to move independentlyin any
direction,and will therefore change its links to other devices
frequently.
 The primarychallenge in buildinga MANET is equippingeach
device to continuouslymaintain the information requiredto
properlyroute traffic.
 MANETs are a kind of Wireless ad hoc network that usuallyhas a
routable networkingenvironmenton top of a Link Layer ad hoc
network.
 MANETs circa 2000-2015 typicallycommunicate at radio
frequencies (30 MHz - 5 GHz).

9. Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET)
 A vehicularad hoc network (VANET) uses cars as mobile nodes in
a MANET to create a mobile network.
 A VANET turns every participatingcarinto a wireless router or
node, allowingcars approximately100 to 300 meters of each other
to connect and, in turn,create a networkwith a wide range.
 As cars fall out of the signal range and drop out of the network,
other cars can join in,connectingvehicles to one another so that a
mobile Internet is created.
 It is estimated that the first systems that will integrate this
technologyare police and fire vehicles to communicate with each
other for safety purposes.
 Automotive companies like General
Motors, Toyota,Nissan,DaimlerChrysler, BMW and Ford promote
this term.

10. Zig Bee
 ZigBee is a specification fora suite of high-level communication
protocols used to create personal area networks built from small,
low-power digital radios.
 ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
 Though its low power consumption limits transmission distances to
10–100 meters line-of-sight,dependingon power output and
environmentalcharacteristics.
 ZigBee is typicallyused in low data rate applications that require
long batterylife and secure networking.
 ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 Kbit/s, best suited forintermittent
data transmissions from a sensoror input device.

11. Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
 WLL is a system that connects subscribers to the local telephone
station wirelessly.
 WLL permits local loop service for subscriber call origination and for
receipt of calls.
 WLL applies to voice and data services.
 WLL provides signalingmechanisms between the serving system
and the mobile station orthe network interface unit.
 This signalingmechanism permits the exchange of call control
information.
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