The document discusses various wireless communication technologies and standards. It explains that technologies are techniques used for implementation, while standards allow integration of technologies. It provides details on TDMA used in GSM, how CDMA differentiates users, OFDM transmitting at multiple frequencies, MIMO using multiple antennas, and Wi-Fi and Wi-Max standards using CDMA, OFDM, and operating in different bands.

1. Yasir Ahmed

2. Technologies: are the techniques, algorithms and formulas e.g. modulation techniques, channel coding techniques. Standards: allow the implementation and integration of the various technologies e.g. GSM standard.

3. CDMA TDMA GSM EVDO UMTS Wi-Max Wi-Fi IEEE802.11 OFDM GPRS IEEE802.16 MIMO

4. Time Division Multiple Access is a technology that is used by the GSM standard. It allows eight GSM users to use the same frequency. Each user gets a 0.577msec time slot in a GSM frame. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.577msec 4.616msec

5. Code Division Multiple Access is both a technology and a standard. CDMA technology is based on the principle of differentiating users based on their unique codes. CDMA standards include CDMA2000, WCDMA, EVDO…

6. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a technique that allows a signal to be transmitted at multiple frequencies. So if the signal at one frequency gets corrupted, it would still get transmitted. f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6

7. Multi-Input Multi-Output systems make use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Using two antennas instead of one (at either end) improves the performance by several dB. It is easier to implement multiple antennas at the base-station then in all the mobile devices.

8. Wi-Fi is a standard that uses both CDMA and OFDM. It is also known as IEEE802.11. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band and allows data rates of up to 54Mbps.

9. Wi-Max is a standard that uses a variant of OFDM. Wi-Max operates in the licensed bands. It is also known as IEEE802.16. It uses a scheduling algorithm to allow access to the users.

10. CDMA TDMA GSM EVDO UMTS Wi-Max Wi-Fi IEEE802.11 OFDM GPRS IEEE802.16 MIMO Standards Technologies