The conceptual design report summarizes the planning for a new wind farm project in Egypt. It includes sections on the site location and characteristics, micro-siting and energy calculations to determine the best turbine layout, environmental impacts, construction requirements, electrical infrastructure and grid connection, operation and maintenance procedures, and economic factors. The report provides the necessary information and analyses to inform the tender phase and technical specifications for the wind farm project.

1. Arab Republic of Egypt
Ministry of Electricity & Energy
New and Renewable Energy Authority“ NREA
Wind Farm Planning & Conceptual Design
Supervision by
Eng. Usama Said Said
Prepared By
Dr. sabry M. Aly Mokhymar
December

2. The conceptual Design Reports’ Contents:
Introduction.
Site
Micro sitting & Energy Calculations
Environmental Impacts
Construction
Electrical Work & Electric Power
Wind Farm Operation
Economies Aspects
Main Terms of the Tenders

3. . Introduction
Conceptual design is an important step for the project. Its step
come before the Tender phase and after the feasibility study to
stand with the technical specification.
The aim of the conceptual design is to get an economic and
technical studies for the project depending on the inputs points of
the feasibility studies.
The next items explain how to prepare a conceptual design.
The introduction of the conceptual design report contain:
general description for the project
Local / international funding organization
Executive Agencies
Project site
Project capacity
Aims of conceptual design

4. . Site
this item is concerning with the site
parameters as its location, map,…etcs
according to the next
The first step is to nominate the project site
with the next steps:
Determine and point for the real site axes and its
borders
Site’ photography
Its borders and neighbor areas
Use the available Maps
Conducting meeting or work shop with neighbor people.

5. . Site (contd.)
contains:
Contour lines for each m
Opestacls, hights….etcs
Roads and buildings…etc
As an example the site map may be as

7. . Site (contd.)
Soil investigation:
The soil investigation is very important
for:
Design of The civil & Electrical work
Determine of the soil’s types for different levels
Determine the soil Stresses
Chemical Analyses for the soil

8. . Micro sitting & Energy Calculations:
In this step we must point to
WEC’s type:
Wind Turbine’s Capacity:
A market study and economic analysis must be conduct
to get the best and commercial one fro the electric
generation to be suitable for the end-user with a best
Kwh price

9. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
Tower Height
The largest height the largest power but the price may
be high so an economical study must be conducted for
this situation to get the feasible price.

10. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
Available energy in the site
To calculate the available energy in
the site a various step could take
place
Wind data analysis
Apply the wind speed variation with the map to
get the best micro-sitting as:

11. -M W w ind farm at Zafarana, E gypt M ean w ind speed m a.g.l.
Northing [m]
Easting [m]

12. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
From the above analysis the class of the WEC could be determined as:
WEC Design according to IEC
Classes I II III IV S
Vextreme m/s It is determined
Vnormal(m/s according to the
designer

13. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
WEC Design according to IEC
With studying the wind speed variation we could
determine the maximum or extreme wind speed
Vextreme (m/s) and the average annual wind speed
Vnormal (m/s), then from the above table we could
determine its class but the site specific class (S) it
should determine according to the designer.

14. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
General Description for the Wind Farm
At the start for this the following items should be concerned:
Number of WECs
The default direction of the wind at the site
Wind energy variation through the site
The Obstacles status
The distance between the WECs not less than
times of its diameters to keep away form the
energy decrease and wake effect.

15. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
. General Description for the Wind Farm (contd.)
At the start for this the following items should be concerned:
The distance between the wind farm's rows not less than
times of its diameters to keep away form the energy
decrease and wake effect
Decrease the total cost of electrical and civil work if any
The environmental impacts
The best use for the site area or the best area distribution
We take the above points with our study and give the nearest
micro-sitting and best WECs’ distribution for various WECs’
types to get the best micro-sitting for the wind farm to get
the best value of wind energy

17. -M W w ind farm at Zafarana, E gypt M ean w ind speed m a.g.l.
Northing [m]
Easting [m]

18. -M W w ind farm at Zafarana, E gypt M ean w ind speed m a.g.l.
Northing [m]
Easting [m]

19. -M W w ind farm at Zafarana, E gypt M ean w ind speed m a.g.l.
Northing [m]
Easting [m]

20. -M W w ind farm at Zafarana, E gypt M ean w ind speed m a.g.l.
Northing [m]
Easting [m]

21. -M W w ind farm at Zafarana, E gypt M ean w ind speed m a.g.l.
Northing [m]
Easting [m]

22. -M W wind farm at Zafarana, Egypt M ean wind speed m a.g.l.
M
M
M
M
Northing [m]
M M M
M M
M
M M
M
Easting [m ]

23. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
. Generated Energy
we calculate the excepted annual energy to calculate the KWh
price with take the effect of the power losses according to:
Micro-sitting efficiency
Availability not less than
Efficiency of power transmission lines not less than
Efficiency of control & consumed power not less than
Unknown errors in programs and calculation not less than

24. Micro sitting & Energy Calculations (contd.)
. Generated Energy
The total losses factor not less than % with addition to the micro-
sitting efficiency, the next table show an example for wind farm:
Configuration Hub Total Park Reduction Net Capacity
Height Capacity Efficiency Factor Energy Factor
m MW % % MWh/a %
X kW . . .
. . .
X kW . . . .
. . . .
The Effect of the other wind farm must be studied to avoid any loss of
power according to this effect e.g. it may be nominated an obstacles
for the new farms

25. Environmental Impacts
There are various effects for the environmental as:
noise:
the noise from the Wind farm must be calculated according to IEC and the
international recommendation as:
Area Daylight Night
Residence area DB DB
Residence & Industrial DB DB
area

26. Environmental Impacts (contd.)
Bird Migration:
Through design the wind farm we must be sure that this site is not cross
the bird migration lines according to the GEF recommendation and the
ornithological study for bird migration should be conducted
Shadow effect:
The blade’s shadow effect for the human eye should be effect
with a bad level so the wind farm may far from the human
area as enough if any.

27. . Site infra structure
The infra structure for the site construction need study for the next:
Transportation:
The roads for transportation facilities of the WECs
from the ports to the site must be studied
Site internal roads:
The internal roads (Width, Curves, …) of the site must be
designed and studied for the WEC’s construction and its
store.
A suitable shunting areas must be designed and calculated
enough to the WECs’ construction

28. . Site infra structure (contd.)
Construction materials:
The construction material as (Cements, stones, sands,
Steel…etcs) must be available in the site or the nearest areas.
Implementation:
The implementation need (Cranes, Heavy Turks, Drilling
Tools,….etcs). The availability for these equipments must be
studied

31. .Electrical Work & Electric Power
For electrical generation the electrical grid must be studied for
the next items:
Low voltage levels from the WECs to its power
transformers
WECs’ power transformers must be studied with its
MVA
Medium voltage levels from the WECs’ power
transformers to the main substations

32. .Electrical Work & Electric Power (contd.)
Main substation
The main substation must be studied to get the best
availability of grid connection with the nominated wind
farm and determine the next:
The high and medium voltage levels
Substation’s capacity with MVA
The number of medium voltage feeders
Short circuit current levels fro low and high voltage
Tap changer
Earthing system

33. .Electrical Work & Electric Power (contd.)
Main factors for the Design:
The main factors for the electrical power facilities must be
studied as:
Medium voltage lines between wind farm to the substations
Over Head Transmission Lines OHTL
Under Ground Transmission Lines UGTL
A comparison between OHTL and UGTL must be conducted
The advantage and disadvantage for the two system (OHL/UGL)
should be determined and its cost and its O& M cost.

34. .Electrical Work & Electric Power (contd.)
Main factors for the Design:
The power transformers is used to connect between Low
and Medium voltage with the next recommendations:
a suitable capacity (MVA) according to the WECs’ capacity and
pitch systems
determine the Low and Medium voltage levels
Frequency Hz
Tap Changer
Protection for all the terminal plugs for both sides
Install measurements ’ equipments as (KWh meters, and KVARh
meters…) with two pass directions at each feeders with the end lines
of Medium
voltage to calculate the generated and consumed power

35. .Electrical Work & Electric Power (contd.)
Main factors for the Design:
Earthling System
The earthing system drawing and its design must be conducted to
get the best protection, with a resistance not exceed than ohm to
prevent the storm effect also.
Internal Consumed Power
installing the suitable transformers to feed the site’s facilities as
house hold, work shops, offices, parking and road lights …etcs.

36. .Electrical Work & Electric Power (contd.)
Electrical system analysis
Study the electrical system and its grid, the load flow and the
grid connection situation and calculate the next:
Static & dynamic voltage variation
Short circuit current
Reactive power , Reactive compensation and power factor
Flicker

39. Wind Farm Operation & Maintenance (O &M)
Operation
Remote control for the wind farm
Install a suitable remote control for the wind farm to
operate it without need for workers or operators (but this
is standby operation). This system could use to introduce
WEC status
Generator parameter (current, volt, active and reactive power…)
Wind speed and its direction
Gearbox temperature
Grid status
Generated power (current, volt, active and reactive power…)
Wind mast measurements

40. Wind Farm Operation & Maintenance (O &M) (contd.)
Data to be recorded as:
Generated power
Wind speed and its direction
Operation hours
Faults status
Consumed power
This program has a technique to get analysis and curves for
the operation status and it must be protected and it can
conduct the next:
Stop and operate the WECs units
Ability to change the control and operation's limits

41. Wind Farm Operation & Maintenance (O &M) (contd.)
Maintenance
The contractor is the responsible through the warranty period
for the O & M , the spare parts and grease & Oil
replacement…etcs
The owner is the responsible after the warranty period for
above and he must train his staff for these items and O & M

42. Wind farm Power performance
Through the warranty period we must sure form the
wind farm performance from:
Availability not less than
Power curve for each WEC

43. . Economies Aspects
There are a various aspects for the wind farm economics
as
• investment const
• O&M
• KWh price

44. . Main Terms of the Tenders
Tender items:
instruction to tender
Special conditions
general conditions
technical specification
tender data (schedule of particulars, schedule of prices)
attached with (copy of conceptual design, design
parameters for wind farm components, drawing…etcs)