Presentation from Wilhelm Gruissem, President of the Global Plant Council, at the 7th EPSO Conference, 2 Sept 2013.
"Global Plant Council: A coalition of plant and crop societies across the globe, Global needs and contributions from plant science"
This document discusses various topics related to agriculture and economic activities. It begins by classifying economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary. It then discusses different types of agricultural systems such as subsistence farming, shifting agriculture, and commercial agriculture. Specific topics covered include the origins of agriculture, animal domestication, von Thünen's model of agricultural land use, and the various revolutions that have transformed agriculture like the Green Revolution. The document also maps out global patterns of agriculture and discusses the role of transportation, climate, and agribusiness in shaping modern agriculture.
The document discusses various hunting and gathering tribes found in India. It describes the Chenchus tribe located in parts of Andhra Pradesh, who numbered around 49,000 people according to the 2001 Census. It also outlines other tribes such as the Challa Yanadi and Kadar found in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively, and details their traditional occupations of foraging, fishing, and hunting small animals using tools like sticks and traps. The document provides information on the geographical locations and populations of multiple indigenous tribes in India that traditionally relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence.
The document discusses the links between population growth and food production. It notes that population growth has increased demand for food, resulting in more farmland and water usage. Food production depends on limited resources like cropland and water that are under strain from rising populations. The document recommends strategies like improving crop yields, using resources more efficiently, shifting diets to require fewer agricultural resources, and reducing food waste to help address global food security challenges in the face of population growth.
The document provides information on agrarian spaces and activities in the primary sector. It defines agrarian spaces as land where agrarian activities like agriculture, livestock farming, and silviculture take place. Agrarian activities are influenced by natural factors like climate, soil type, and relief, as well as human factors such as technology, population levels, and economic organization. The types of agrarian landscapes and activities can vary significantly based on these influencing factors.
This document summarizes a proposed project to empower vulnerable households in Idleb Governorate, Syria through intercropping agriculture. The project would support 1,000 households in Kafr Takharim and Armanaz sub-districts over 6 months with a budget of 113,815 euros. It aims to improve food security and incomes by having olive farmers intercrop legumes to improve soil fertility while reducing costs, and partnering each IDP household with a host household to share land and improve relations. Training would be provided on intercropping techniques and agreements formalized between partner households. Inputs like seeds and fertilizer would be distributed to beneficiaries.
The document outlines various factors that determine the development of agrarian (farming) activities. Physical factors include climate, relief of the land, and soil characteristics. Human factors involve demographic pressure, technological development, and economic/social organization such as land ownership. Different types of traditional agriculture are described based on crop varieties, soil and water use, technology level, and whether the purpose is subsistence or market-oriented. Extensive and intensive livestock farming systems as well as industrial and ecological systems are also summarized.
This document provides information about primary sector activities and traditional and modern agricultural landscapes. It discusses traditional farming methods like slash and burn agriculture, dry sedentary agriculture, and monsoon irrigation agriculture. It also describes developed agricultural landscapes in new world countries and Europe. Livestock farming systems like nomadic, transhumant, extensive, and intensive are explained. The document concludes with a section about fishing and fishing grounds.
This document provides an overview of agriculture. It discusses how agriculture began around 10,000 years ago through the deliberate cultivation of plants and domestication of animals. It contrasts hunting and gathering societies with agricultural societies. The document then covers the origins of vegetative and seed-based agriculture in different regions. It discusses the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture. It also maps the global distribution of major agricultural regions and how they correlate with climate zones. Finally, it discusses tools for identifying and protecting productive farmland from urban expansion.
This document discusses various topics related to agriculture and economic activities. It begins by classifying economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary. It then discusses different types of agricultural systems such as subsistence farming, shifting agriculture, and commercial agriculture. Specific topics covered include the origins of agriculture, animal domestication, von Thünen's model of agricultural land use, and the various revolutions that have transformed agriculture like the Green Revolution. The document also maps out global patterns of agriculture and discusses the role of transportation, climate, and agribusiness in shaping modern agriculture.
The document discusses various hunting and gathering tribes found in India. It describes the Chenchus tribe located in parts of Andhra Pradesh, who numbered around 49,000 people according to the 2001 Census. It also outlines other tribes such as the Challa Yanadi and Kadar found in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively, and details their traditional occupations of foraging, fishing, and hunting small animals using tools like sticks and traps. The document provides information on the geographical locations and populations of multiple indigenous tribes in India that traditionally relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence.
The document discusses the links between population growth and food production. It notes that population growth has increased demand for food, resulting in more farmland and water usage. Food production depends on limited resources like cropland and water that are under strain from rising populations. The document recommends strategies like improving crop yields, using resources more efficiently, shifting diets to require fewer agricultural resources, and reducing food waste to help address global food security challenges in the face of population growth.
The document provides information on agrarian spaces and activities in the primary sector. It defines agrarian spaces as land where agrarian activities like agriculture, livestock farming, and silviculture take place. Agrarian activities are influenced by natural factors like climate, soil type, and relief, as well as human factors such as technology, population levels, and economic organization. The types of agrarian landscapes and activities can vary significantly based on these influencing factors.
This document summarizes a proposed project to empower vulnerable households in Idleb Governorate, Syria through intercropping agriculture. The project would support 1,000 households in Kafr Takharim and Armanaz sub-districts over 6 months with a budget of 113,815 euros. It aims to improve food security and incomes by having olive farmers intercrop legumes to improve soil fertility while reducing costs, and partnering each IDP household with a host household to share land and improve relations. Training would be provided on intercropping techniques and agreements formalized between partner households. Inputs like seeds and fertilizer would be distributed to beneficiaries.
The document outlines various factors that determine the development of agrarian (farming) activities. Physical factors include climate, relief of the land, and soil characteristics. Human factors involve demographic pressure, technological development, and economic/social organization such as land ownership. Different types of traditional agriculture are described based on crop varieties, soil and water use, technology level, and whether the purpose is subsistence or market-oriented. Extensive and intensive livestock farming systems as well as industrial and ecological systems are also summarized.
This document provides information about primary sector activities and traditional and modern agricultural landscapes. It discusses traditional farming methods like slash and burn agriculture, dry sedentary agriculture, and monsoon irrigation agriculture. It also describes developed agricultural landscapes in new world countries and Europe. Livestock farming systems like nomadic, transhumant, extensive, and intensive are explained. The document concludes with a section about fishing and fishing grounds.
This document provides an overview of agriculture. It discusses how agriculture began around 10,000 years ago through the deliberate cultivation of plants and domestication of animals. It contrasts hunting and gathering societies with agricultural societies. The document then covers the origins of vegetative and seed-based agriculture in different regions. It discusses the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture. It also maps the global distribution of major agricultural regions and how they correlate with climate zones. Finally, it discusses tools for identifying and protecting productive farmland from urban expansion.
The document summarizes different types of livestock farming based on capital investment, labor requirements, and feeding methods. There is extensive livestock farming with low capital investment and productivity, where animals graze on large pastures. Intensive livestock farming requires higher capital investment in feeding, labor, and facilities to confine animals and provide feed. Livestock can also be semi-confined, grazing in summer and eating feed in winter. The mobility of livestock farming ranges from nomadic herding with constant movement, to transhumance with seasonal migration, to sedentary farming where animals remain in one location and are fed.
This document discusses various topics related to agriculture, livestock, fishing, and their economic activities. It begins by defining the primary sector and describing the importance of agriculture and livestock in feeding the world population. It then discusses different types of farming systems including subsistence, market-oriented, intensive, and extensive approaches. Issues facing various sectors are also summarized, such as overfishing, limits on territorial waters, and the need for sustainable exploitation of natural resources.
This document summarizes key aspects of the primary sector of the economy, including agriculture, livestock, fishery, and forestry. It discusses different types of rural settlements like compact and scattered, as well as agricultural techniques like slash-and-burn. Specific crops and their production by country are outlined, along with mechanized agriculture, greenhouses, extensive and intensive livestock farming, cash crops, deforestation, fishery, and commercial fishing.
The document provides an overview of the historical development of world agriculture from the Neolithic period through modern scientific agriculture. It discusses key periods and locations where agriculture originated, including the Fertile Crescent, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Major domesticated plants from these early periods included wheat, rice, corn, and potatoes. The document also outlines the social and economic impacts of the transition to agriculture, including increased population, urbanization, trade, and social stratification.
This document discusses different methods of obtaining food, including food collection, production, and environmental constraints. It describes two main groups that traditionally relied on food collection: Australian Aborigines and Inuit peoples in the Arctic. Aboriginal groups lived in the harsh desert environment and depended on hunting, while Inuit used tools like harpoons and spears to hunt sea mammals and fish. The document also examines food production methods like horticulture, intensive agriculture, and pastoralism, noting key differences in land and resource use and community structures between these systems. Overall, the document provides an overview of how environment shapes the technologies and strategies used by various human societies to find and produce food throughout history.
This document summarizes different types of agriculture practiced in less developed countries, including shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism, and intensive subsistence agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves clearing and burning plots of land for temporary agriculture before letting the land lie fallow. Pastoral nomadism involves herding livestock in dry areas. Intensive subsistence agriculture features small, intensively farmed plots used to grow crops like wet rice in Asia to feed families. The future of these agricultural systems is threatened by issues like population growth, urbanization, and commercialization.
The primary sector. 3º ESO Geography.
Based on Santillana Richmond book. The pages that are shown in this slide presentation are refering to that book.
The Philippines is an archipelago of over 7,100 islands located in Southeast Asia. It has a tropical climate with wet and dry seasons and is prone to seismic and volcanic activity due to being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Agriculture is an important sector for the economy and population, with the top crops being coconut, rice, maize, and sugarcane, however it suffers from issues like low productivity and lack of infrastructure support from the government. The country also experiences around 20 typhoons per year during the wet season.
India's agriculture sector plays a key role in its economy and society. The document discusses the importance of increasing agricultural production and ensuring new technologies reach farmers. It proposes a model where research institutes in each region would study soil and climate conditions to advise farmers on optimal crops. Automatic weather stations and mobile phones would help disseminate this advice. Ensuring electricity, insurance, banking access and other farmer supports could help justify implementing these recommendations to transform Indian villages.
This document provides an introduction and qualifications of the coach Dhanendra Kumar. It then discusses the history and development of agriculture in ancient India and the world. Some key points include the origins of agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago, the stages of development from hunting and gathering to modern agriculture, and important agricultural developments in India such as the establishment of research institutions starting in the 1940s and programs to intensify agriculture in the 1960s.
This chapter discusses various issues relating to agriculture. It covers Von Thünen's model of how distance to market affects crop selection for farmers. Issues for commercial farmers include access to markets, overproduction, and sustainable agriculture practices. Subsistence farmers face challenges from population growth and need to balance food for domestic use versus exports. The document also discusses ways to increase the global food supply, such as the Green Revolution and cultivating new food sources. It identifies regions most at risk for desertification.
This document discusses conservation agriculture, which aims to improve productivity and food security while preserving resources and the environment. It is characterized by minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification. The document reviews the history and adoption of conservation agriculture in various regions. While adoption is over 50% in the Americas, it remains low in Africa at only 1% due to challenges such as changing farmer mindsets, lack of support, and differing conditions. Widespread adoption requires practices that are economically beneficial and socially acceptable to farmers.
This document describes the major types of agricultural regions found in more developed countries, including mixed crop and livestock farms, dairy farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, Mediterranean agriculture, commercial fruit and vegetable farming, and plantation farming. It provides details on the key crops grown and locations of each agricultural region. The regions vary based on climate, soil quality, proximity to urban areas, and whether crops are grown for local consumption or export.
The document outlines different food procurement strategies used by human societies, including food collection, horticulture, intensive agriculture, pastoralism, and commercialized/mechanized agriculture. It provides examples for each type, such as the Inuit people for foragers, the Yanomamö people for horticulturalists, farming in the Mekong Delta for intensive agriculture, and reindeer herding Saami people for pastoralism. Environmental factors and population pressures are discussed as influences on the adoption and intensification of different food production methods over time.
1. This document discusses different methods of obtaining food, from hunting and gathering to agriculture and pastoralism.
2. It provides examples of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies like the Inuit and horticultural societies like the Yanomamö, who practice shifting cultivation.
3. The main food production systems discussed are horticulture, intensive agriculture like in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, and pastoralism like reindeer herding by the Saami people. Each system has distinct features around settlement, division of labor, and social organization.
The document discusses different types of activities in the primary sector of the economy, which includes agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, and forestry. It provides details on various forms of agriculture including subsistence, commercial, plantation, and intensive/extensive systems. Livestock is also summarized, distinguishing traditional, commercial extensive and intensive animal husbandry. The primary sector makes up over 30% of the world's workforce but varies significantly between developed and developing countries.
This document summarizes information about the primary sector of the economy. It discusses agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, and forestry exploitation. It describes traditional and evolved agricultural landscapes around the world. Traditional systems include shifting cultivation, sedentary dryland farming, wet rice farming, and dry areas farming. These systems rely on manual labor, simple tools, and low technology. Evolved systems include extensive commercial farming, plantation agriculture, and market gardening. These systems use high levels of mechanization, technology, and inputs to achieve high yields for international markets. The document also provides details on types of fishing, fishing techniques, and major fishing areas worldwide.
This document discusses the origins and development of agriculture. It began as early humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to deliberately cultivating plants and domesticating animals. Major crop and animal domestication sites included areas in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Agriculture continues to take different forms around the world based on climate and environment, from intensive rice farming to pastoral nomadism to commercial plantations. The document also examines challenges facing farmers in both developing and developed countries.
This document discusses the importance of seed diversity for ensuring resilient and nutritious food production in the face of climate change. It outlines how agricultural biodiversity has declined dramatically due to the loss of traditional seed varieties and knowledge. However, reviving seed diversity through supporting local seed systems, networks, and farmers' rights is key to building climate resilience. The document presents case studies from countries taking innovative approaches to enhancing seed diversity and agriculture through collaboration with small-scale farmers.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
The document summarizes different types of livestock farming based on capital investment, labor requirements, and feeding methods. There is extensive livestock farming with low capital investment and productivity, where animals graze on large pastures. Intensive livestock farming requires higher capital investment in feeding, labor, and facilities to confine animals and provide feed. Livestock can also be semi-confined, grazing in summer and eating feed in winter. The mobility of livestock farming ranges from nomadic herding with constant movement, to transhumance with seasonal migration, to sedentary farming where animals remain in one location and are fed.
This document discusses various topics related to agriculture, livestock, fishing, and their economic activities. It begins by defining the primary sector and describing the importance of agriculture and livestock in feeding the world population. It then discusses different types of farming systems including subsistence, market-oriented, intensive, and extensive approaches. Issues facing various sectors are also summarized, such as overfishing, limits on territorial waters, and the need for sustainable exploitation of natural resources.
This document summarizes key aspects of the primary sector of the economy, including agriculture, livestock, fishery, and forestry. It discusses different types of rural settlements like compact and scattered, as well as agricultural techniques like slash-and-burn. Specific crops and their production by country are outlined, along with mechanized agriculture, greenhouses, extensive and intensive livestock farming, cash crops, deforestation, fishery, and commercial fishing.
The document provides an overview of the historical development of world agriculture from the Neolithic period through modern scientific agriculture. It discusses key periods and locations where agriculture originated, including the Fertile Crescent, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Major domesticated plants from these early periods included wheat, rice, corn, and potatoes. The document also outlines the social and economic impacts of the transition to agriculture, including increased population, urbanization, trade, and social stratification.
This document discusses different methods of obtaining food, including food collection, production, and environmental constraints. It describes two main groups that traditionally relied on food collection: Australian Aborigines and Inuit peoples in the Arctic. Aboriginal groups lived in the harsh desert environment and depended on hunting, while Inuit used tools like harpoons and spears to hunt sea mammals and fish. The document also examines food production methods like horticulture, intensive agriculture, and pastoralism, noting key differences in land and resource use and community structures between these systems. Overall, the document provides an overview of how environment shapes the technologies and strategies used by various human societies to find and produce food throughout history.
This document summarizes different types of agriculture practiced in less developed countries, including shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism, and intensive subsistence agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves clearing and burning plots of land for temporary agriculture before letting the land lie fallow. Pastoral nomadism involves herding livestock in dry areas. Intensive subsistence agriculture features small, intensively farmed plots used to grow crops like wet rice in Asia to feed families. The future of these agricultural systems is threatened by issues like population growth, urbanization, and commercialization.
The primary sector. 3º ESO Geography.
Based on Santillana Richmond book. The pages that are shown in this slide presentation are refering to that book.
The Philippines is an archipelago of over 7,100 islands located in Southeast Asia. It has a tropical climate with wet and dry seasons and is prone to seismic and volcanic activity due to being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Agriculture is an important sector for the economy and population, with the top crops being coconut, rice, maize, and sugarcane, however it suffers from issues like low productivity and lack of infrastructure support from the government. The country also experiences around 20 typhoons per year during the wet season.
India's agriculture sector plays a key role in its economy and society. The document discusses the importance of increasing agricultural production and ensuring new technologies reach farmers. It proposes a model where research institutes in each region would study soil and climate conditions to advise farmers on optimal crops. Automatic weather stations and mobile phones would help disseminate this advice. Ensuring electricity, insurance, banking access and other farmer supports could help justify implementing these recommendations to transform Indian villages.
This document provides an introduction and qualifications of the coach Dhanendra Kumar. It then discusses the history and development of agriculture in ancient India and the world. Some key points include the origins of agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago, the stages of development from hunting and gathering to modern agriculture, and important agricultural developments in India such as the establishment of research institutions starting in the 1940s and programs to intensify agriculture in the 1960s.
This chapter discusses various issues relating to agriculture. It covers Von Thünen's model of how distance to market affects crop selection for farmers. Issues for commercial farmers include access to markets, overproduction, and sustainable agriculture practices. Subsistence farmers face challenges from population growth and need to balance food for domestic use versus exports. The document also discusses ways to increase the global food supply, such as the Green Revolution and cultivating new food sources. It identifies regions most at risk for desertification.
This document discusses conservation agriculture, which aims to improve productivity and food security while preserving resources and the environment. It is characterized by minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification. The document reviews the history and adoption of conservation agriculture in various regions. While adoption is over 50% in the Americas, it remains low in Africa at only 1% due to challenges such as changing farmer mindsets, lack of support, and differing conditions. Widespread adoption requires practices that are economically beneficial and socially acceptable to farmers.
This document describes the major types of agricultural regions found in more developed countries, including mixed crop and livestock farms, dairy farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, Mediterranean agriculture, commercial fruit and vegetable farming, and plantation farming. It provides details on the key crops grown and locations of each agricultural region. The regions vary based on climate, soil quality, proximity to urban areas, and whether crops are grown for local consumption or export.
The document outlines different food procurement strategies used by human societies, including food collection, horticulture, intensive agriculture, pastoralism, and commercialized/mechanized agriculture. It provides examples for each type, such as the Inuit people for foragers, the Yanomamö people for horticulturalists, farming in the Mekong Delta for intensive agriculture, and reindeer herding Saami people for pastoralism. Environmental factors and population pressures are discussed as influences on the adoption and intensification of different food production methods over time.
1. This document discusses different methods of obtaining food, from hunting and gathering to agriculture and pastoralism.
2. It provides examples of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies like the Inuit and horticultural societies like the Yanomamö, who practice shifting cultivation.
3. The main food production systems discussed are horticulture, intensive agriculture like in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, and pastoralism like reindeer herding by the Saami people. Each system has distinct features around settlement, division of labor, and social organization.
The document discusses different types of activities in the primary sector of the economy, which includes agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, and forestry. It provides details on various forms of agriculture including subsistence, commercial, plantation, and intensive/extensive systems. Livestock is also summarized, distinguishing traditional, commercial extensive and intensive animal husbandry. The primary sector makes up over 30% of the world's workforce but varies significantly between developed and developing countries.
This document summarizes information about the primary sector of the economy. It discusses agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, and forestry exploitation. It describes traditional and evolved agricultural landscapes around the world. Traditional systems include shifting cultivation, sedentary dryland farming, wet rice farming, and dry areas farming. These systems rely on manual labor, simple tools, and low technology. Evolved systems include extensive commercial farming, plantation agriculture, and market gardening. These systems use high levels of mechanization, technology, and inputs to achieve high yields for international markets. The document also provides details on types of fishing, fishing techniques, and major fishing areas worldwide.
This document discusses the origins and development of agriculture. It began as early humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to deliberately cultivating plants and domesticating animals. Major crop and animal domestication sites included areas in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Agriculture continues to take different forms around the world based on climate and environment, from intensive rice farming to pastoral nomadism to commercial plantations. The document also examines challenges facing farmers in both developing and developed countries.
Similar to Wilhelm Gruissem - Global Plant Council: A coalition of plant and crop societies across the globe, Global needs and contributions from plant science
This document discusses the importance of seed diversity for ensuring resilient and nutritious food production in the face of climate change. It outlines how agricultural biodiversity has declined dramatically due to the loss of traditional seed varieties and knowledge. However, reviving seed diversity through supporting local seed systems, networks, and farmers' rights is key to building climate resilience. The document presents case studies from countries taking innovative approaches to enhancing seed diversity and agriculture through collaboration with small-scale farmers.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: The challenge of food security and sustainability for 9bn...b4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Role of beneficial microbes in next green revolutionMehjebinRahman2
The document summarizes the keynote speech given by Miss Mehjebin Rahman on probing beneficial microbes for the next green revolution. It discusses how the green revolution significantly increased food production but led to various negative environmental consequences. It argues that the next green revolution needs a more sustainable approach, and that microbes have great potential to promote plant growth and stress resistance while maintaining sustainability. Several companies are developing microbial treatments to boost yields without synthetic fertilizers. The document outlines various plant growth promoting microbes and their mechanisms, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and phytohormone production.
As we celebrate International Women's Day, it is important to recognize that there is an urgent need to better understand the role that gender plays in smallholder farming systems, and forest communities, in order to develop effective biodiversity conservation and use strategies for food security. Happy International Women's Day!
Read more about Bioversity International’s research-for-development portfolio and strategic priorities.
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research/
The Green Revolution refers to initiatives in the 1940s-1960s that increased agricultural production by developing high-yielding varieties of staple crops and modern farming techniques. Led by Norman Borlaug, the initiatives developed dwarf wheat and rice varieties that responded well to fertilizers and irrigation, boosting yields. This helped prevent famine and increased calorie consumption globally. However, it also increased reliance on purchased inputs and led to environmental and health issues from overuse of chemicals.
This document summarizes information about global food resources and production methods. It discusses that a small number of plants and animals provide most of the world's food, and that grains like wheat, rice and corn make up half of all calories consumed. It also describes the differences between industrialized agriculture, which uses large amounts of chemicals and fossil fuels, and traditional agriculture. The document outlines challenges like population growth, land degradation and overfishing that stress food resources, but notes worldwide malnutrition has decreased in recent decades. It concludes by discussing sustainable agricultural practices and the role of government assistance and research in addressing food issues.
This document summarizes a seminar on the green revolution and the need for a second green revolution. The seminar covered the history and introduction of the original green revolution, including the development of high-yielding varieties, expansion of irrigation, and use of fertilizers and pesticides. Constraints on current agricultural practices and the need for changes were also discussed. The second green revolution would focus on issues like poor irrigation infrastructure, stagnating yields, and rising population through techniques like drought-tolerant crops developed using biotechnology.
1. The document summarizes a report by the Bioenergy and Food Security Working Group on the relationships between bioenergy production and food security.
2. It finds that there is enough suitable land for both increased sustainable agriculture and biomass production for fuel/industry, and that bioenergy crops can improve soil quality and decrease food losses.
3. However, food security is a complex issue that depends on factors beyond just production like access, policy, and household resources. The report argues that bioenergy could help stimulate investment and rural development if implemented properly.
The document discusses the history of famines and public plant breeding efforts to address food shortages. It notes that the Irish Potato Famine triggered efforts to find new crop genes, and a 1943 conference resolved to achieve freedom from hunger. Major 20th century famines killed millions. The Green Revolution increased wheat and rice yields through new semi-dwarf varieties, but concerns about its environmental impacts led to the concept of an "Evergreen Revolution" integrating natural resource management. Achieving this will require harmonizing organic farming with new genetics to address challenges like climate change.
Dr. Marty D. Matlock - Impacts of GMO Products on Food Security and TradeJohn Blue
Impacts of GMO Products on Food Security and Trade - Marty D. Matlock, PhD PE BCEE, Executive Director, Office for Sustainability, Area Director, Center for Agricultural and Rural Sustainability, Professor, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
1. The UN declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming to recognize the importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farms involve about 500 million families and over 2 billion people.
2. The document discusses challenges facing food security like population growth, climate change, and shrinking resources. It proposes solutions like the Evergreen Revolution, promoting nutritious crops, and empowering women farmers.
3. Family farming based on gender, nutrition and climate-sensitive agriculture is presented as the key to achieving long-term, sustainable food security for all.
International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) 2014mssrf
1. The UN declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming to recognize the importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farms involve about 500 million families and over 2 billion people.
2. The document discusses challenges facing agriculture such as shrinking resources, climate change impacts, and lack of interest from youth. It promotes evergreen and green revolutions to increase sustainable productivity without ecological harm.
3. Family farming that adopts nutrition-sensitive and climate-smart practices is presented as the pathway to achieving food security for all on a long-term basis.
The document discusses several challenges around global food production and security. It notes that while global food production has kept pace with population growth, poverty prevents adequate access to food in some areas. Key challenges to increasing future food production include the need to feed a growing population, avoid loss of biodiversity and environmental damage from agriculture, and work within finite water and land resources. The document also examines different systems of food production and their impacts, as well as threats to continuing increases in yields.
CIMMYT's mission is to increase the productivity of maize and wheat systems to ensure global food security and reduce poverty. It has worked towards this mission for over 70 years through agricultural research and partnerships. Maize, wheat and rice remain critically important staple crops, providing over 40% of the world's food and a major source of calories and protein for billions in developing countries. CIMMYT's research on improving yields, nutrition, and climate resilience of these cereals through partnerships has been integral to global food security and poverty reduction.
Traditional and Indigenous foods for Food systems transformationFrancois Stepman
Presentation by Anna Lartey Professor of Nutrition.
Anna Lartey (PhD UC Davis); Sc.D. (h.c.McGill University)
Professor of Nutrition, Past President of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS 2013-2017)
at Webinar of 20 May 2021. Traditional and Indigenous Foods for Food Systems Transformation in Africa
Similar to Wilhelm Gruissem - Global Plant Council: A coalition of plant and crop societies across the globe, Global needs and contributions from plant science (20)
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Nunit vs XUnit vs MSTest Differences Between These Unit Testing Frameworks.pdfflufftailshop
When it comes to unit testing in the .NET ecosystem, developers have a wide range of options available. Among the most popular choices are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. These unit testing frameworks provide essential tools and features to help ensure the quality and reliability of code. However, understanding the differences between these frameworks is crucial for selecting the most suitable one for your projects.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
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In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
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This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
Wilhelm Gruissem - Global Plant Council: A coalition of plant and crop societies across the globe, Global needs and contributions from plant science
1. Global Plant Council
A coalition of plant and crop societies across the globe
Global needs and contributions from plant science
2. The Global Plant Council (GPC)
• The GPC is a coalition of national and regional plant and crop
societies from across the globe
• The GPC seeks to bring plant scientists together to work
synergistically towards solving the pressing problems we face
• The central focus of GPC is to define and engage in coordinated
strategies that impact the most critical global issues:
• World hunger
• Sustainable intensification of crop production
• Climate change
• Health and well-being
• Energy
• Environmental protection
3. The Global Plant Council (GPC)
By working together to formulate a shared vision and allowing distribution of
effort the Global Plant Council aims to :
• Increase awareness of the central importance of plant and crop science
• Accelerate progress in solving pressing global problems via plant
science based approaches
• Facilitate new research programs to address global challenges
• Enable more effective use of knowledge and resources
• Provide a focus and contact point for plant science across the globe
6. In the next 50 years we have to
produce more food than ever before in
the history of humankind
• World population continues to increase
• Per capita food consumption continues to rise
• Consumers continue to demand improved taste, convenience, and nutrition
GROWING WORLD POPULATION (B)
Source: FAO, WHO
RISING CEREAL DEMAND (MMT)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1981 1999 2015 2030
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1981 1999 2015 2030
TRANSITION NATIONS DEVELOPED NATIONS DEVELOPING NATIONS
9. 2013: the challenge of food security
for all remains
Paulo Whitaker/Reuters
• World's hungry are still
nearly 1 billion people!
• Increasing poverty in
Africa, South Asia and
CWANA
• 75% of the poor live in
rural areas
• Increasing malnutrition
10. Society is in transition
Implications for land-use, the environment,
rural development, agriculture and the use
of agricultural feedstocks
OIL
ECONOMY
BIO
ECONOMY
11. 2013+: a time of growing challenges
• Global food security
•Enhanced productivity + nutrition
•Increased yield
•Sustainable production
• Water availability
•Drought-tolerant crops
•Crops with improved water use
efficiency
• Bioenergy
•Biomass production to help meet
demand for fuel should not
compete with food production
• Climate change
•Reduce CO2 footprint
•Increase fertilizer use efficiency
12. GPC Priorities
To help identify and coordinate strategic solutions to global
challenges, the GPC is focusing on five priority areas:
• Sustainable intensification of crop production
• Adaptation to a changing climate
• Transition to a green economy
• Food security and health
• Exchange of knowledge, data and resources
13. GPC Initiatives
The GPC is focusing on a number of initiatives within these
priority areas including
• Digital Seed Bank
Maintaining, understanding and preserving the wealth of
crop biodiversity for future generations.
• Bio-fortification of Crops
Improving the nutritional quality of current and new crops.
14. GPC has identified several other
challenges for which global plant
research needs to find solutions
• Developing perennial rice/wheat/maize
• Development of medicinal plant-based products
• Increasing/enriching agricultural diversity
• Information exchange
• Local-level diversity and yield stability
• Plant-environment metagenome
• Species information for sustainable adaptation capability to
climate change
15. Agricultural centers of origin developed
independently in different parts of the
world
Wheat, Barley, Peas, Grapes
~ 13,000 years ago
Maize, Pumpkin, Bean,
Potato
~ 10,000 years ago
Rice, Soybean
~ 9,000 years ago
Banana,
Coconut
Sorghum, Millet,
Coffee
16. Only three cereal crops
deliver nearly 60% of the
global calories
Most important crops for food and feed calorie supply
Maize
7%
Rice
26%
Wheat
23%
17. The increase in crop production between the
1960‘s to 1990‘s was the result of the
“Green Revolution”
High-yielding varieties with shorter stems and
improved nitrogen use efficiency resulted in increased
use of fertilizer and pesticides
Photos courtesy of S. Harrison, LSU Ag center and The World Food Prize.
Breeder and Nobel Laureate
Norman Borlaug 1914-2009
19. Demand for fertilizer is growing
primarily
in Asia and South-America
Quelle: IFA
http://www.fertilizer.org
20. Existing mineral fertilizer resources
will not be able to meet the long-term
agricultural needs
• Nitrogen
• Current production plants under construction will meet the increasing demand
for nitrogen fertilizer (about 3% / year)
• Phosphate
• Current rock phosphate resources are estimated to last the next 200 years
• Development of a mining site takes about 5 years
• Potassium
• Current resources similar to phosphate but larger deposits
• Development of a mining site takes about 8 years
Source: www.yarra.com
21. The Green Revolution greatly improved
crop production and food security, but
also decreased crop diversity
Year
High-yielding
varieties in %
Traditional
varieties in %
22. Spreading monoculture is a
potential threat to food security
• Rice diversity is decreasing
- in 1986, the single rice variety “IR36” was grown on 11 million hectares in Asia
- in China, all rice F1 hybrids grown on 15 million hectares share the same male sterility genes
- all modern rice varieties have the same dwarfing gene
• Wheat diversity is decreasing
- in 1983, 67% of the wheat fields in Bangladesh were planted to a single variety
- in Ireland, 90% of the total wheat area is planted to six varieties
- in 1949, China used over 10,000 varieties for production, in 1970 on 1,000 remained in use
• Diversity of other crops is decreasing
- in the Netherlands, for example, the three top varieties of nine major crops covered from
81 to 99% of the respective areas planted.
- one cultivar accounted for 94% of the spring barley planted Source: FAO
23. Monocultures favor the spread of
pathogens
“The new strains of stem rust
UG99,…, are much more
dangerous than those that, 50
years ago, destroyed as much as
20 percent of the American wheat
crop.”
24. Ancient or wild varieties often contain
valuable genes that were lost or neglected
while breeding high-yielding elite varieties
25. The Kasalath PSTOL1 gene is a good
example of genes present in diverse rice
varieties but not in elite mega-varieties
26. Garris et al Genetics, 2006
Tolerant varieties
- Dular (aus-type)
- Kasalath (aus-type) Intolerant varieties
- IR64 (indica-type)
- Nipponbare (japonica-type)
FR13A
Kasalath
N22
Pokkali
Exploring the potential of Aus-type
rice varieties for drought and P-
deficiency tolerance
27. Kasalath and Dular have several genes that are
differentially expressed during drought and P-
deficiency but that are not differentially
expressed or not present in IR64
Venn diagram showing the number of significantly and differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) in particular varieties.
RNA-Seq results were divided into two groups, transcripts aligned to Nipponbare (A) and de novo assembled transcripts
in tolerant (Dular and Kasalath) and intolerant (IR64) varieties.
28. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is
a step in the right direction, but not
peace of mind!
http://www.croptrust.org
29. SeedSeq
Capturing biodiversity in seed banks
around the world
Susan McCouch
Hannes Dempewolf
The Global Crop Diversity Trust
Digital Seed Bank
Exploring the basis of crop biodiversity
and mining for useful genes
Wilhelm Gruissem
The Global Plant Council
The Global Plant Council and the Global Plant
Diversity Trust have joined forces to capture
and understand the mechanisms of biodiversity
of our crops present in seed banks around the
world
30. GPC Executive
Board
The GPC Executive Board is elected from and by the GPC member
organisations representatives
• Prof. Wilhelm Gruissem (European Plant Science Organisation) –
Acting President and Chair
• Prof. Henry Nguyen (American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science
Society of America) - Vice Chair
• Prof. Gustavo Habermann (Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology) – Treasurer
• Prof. Kasem Ahmed (African Crop Science Society)
• Prof. Zhihong Xu (Chinese Society of Plant Biologists)
• Dr Ruth Bastow – Executive Director
31. Visit the new GPC website at www.globalplantcouncil.org
32. Visit the new GPC website at www.globalplantcouncil.org
33. Thank you...
…solutions to global challenges can be found and
future generations will have enough to eat!
…your expertise and help assures that…
34. …how would the world react if the 1 Billion people of the
USA, Canada and the EU would not have enough to eat
every day?
Just to put 1 Billion hungry people into
perspective…
35. Sustainable food security
is facing a potential bottleneck
Total kultiviert Heute kultiviert 95% der Ernährung
• Since the beginning of agriculture, humans have cultivated 7,000 plant species
• Today only 150 plant species (2%) are agriculturally relevant for food and clothing
• Only 10 plant species are cultivated today to provide 95% of food and feed
Total cultivated since
the beginning of agriculture
Cultivated today 95% of food and feed