Mexico did not formally enter World War 1 on either side. Mexico was facing internal political instability and a revolution during World War 1 and maintained neutrality.
586 CHAPTER 19
•nationalism
•militarism
•Allies
•Central Powers
•Archduke Franz Ferdinand
•no man’s land
•trench warfare
•Lusitania
•Zimmermann note
1. TERMS & NAMES For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
MAIN IDEA
2. TAKING NOTES
In a chart like the one shown, list
the causes for the outbreak of
World War I.
Which was the most significant
cause? Explain your answer.
CRITICAL THINKING
3. SYNTHESIZING
Describe some ways in which
World War I threatened the lives
of civilians on both sides of
the Atlantic.
4. SUMMARIZING
Why were America’s ties with the
Allies stronger than its ties with the
Central Powers?
5. ANALYZING ISSUES
Why do you think Germany
escalated its U-boat attacks
in 1917? Think About:
• Germany’s military buildup
• the effects of the British
blockade
• Germany’s reason for using
submarine warfare
replaced with a representative government. Now supporters
of American entry into the war could claim that this was a
war of democracies against brutal monarchies.
AMERICA ACTS A light drizzle fell on Washington on
April 2, 1917, as senators, representatives, ambassadors,
members of the Supreme Court, and other guests crowd-
ed into the Capitol building to hear President Wilson
deliver his war resolution.
A PERSONAL VOICE WOODROW WILSON
“ Property can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and
innocent people cannot be. The present German submarine
warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind.
. . . We are glad . . . to fight . . . for the ultimate peace of
the world and for the liberation of its peoples. . . . The
world must be made safe for democracy. . . . We have no
selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion.
We seek no indemnities. . . . It is a fearful thing to lead
this great peaceful people into war. . . . But the right is
more precious than peace.”
—quoted in American Voices
Congress passed the resolution a few days later. With
the hope of neutrality finally shattered, U.S. troops would
follow the stream of American money and munitions that
had been heading to the Allies throughout the war. But
Wilson’s plea to make the world “safe for democracy” wasn’t just political pos-
turing. Indeed, Wilson and many Americans truly believed that the United States
had to join the war to pave the way for a future order of peace and freedom. A
resolved but anxious nation held its breath as the United States prepared for war.
WO
RLD STAGEWO
RLD STAGE
REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA
At first, the Russians surprised
the Germans by mobilizing rapid-
ly. Russian troops advanced
quickly into German territory but
were turned back at the Battle
of Tannenberg in August 1914.
Throughout 1915, the Russians
endured defeats and continued
to retreat. By the end of 1915
they had suffered about 2.5 mil-
lion casualties. The war also
caused massive bread shortages
in Russia.
Revolutionaries ousted the czar
in March 1917 and estab.
This is an example of how I incorporate geography into my keynotes. Almost every slide has animation to help the student stay interested and grasp the larger concepts surrounding WWI: imperialism, foreign relations, boundary shifts, etc.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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4. Overall, people were pretty
upset about that.
Wasn’t Belgium supposed to
be neutral?
Look at the following propaganda
posters. Who are they directed at?
Why are they powerful?
5.
6.
7. Britain won the propaganda
war.
(And it didn’t hurt that the US had more
in common with the British anyway:
language, customs, etc.)
8. What is that called?
It didn’t hurt that the US had more in
common with the British anyway:
language, customs, etc.
9. At that time, both the Allies
and the Central Powers need
supplies.
Since they are busy fighting, countries
like the US are busy making more
weapons, growing more food, to send
overseas.
13. Value of US Exports and
Loans
Exports:
1914 - $ 824.8 million
to Allied Powers
1914 - $ 169.3 million
to Central Powers
1916 - $ 3.2 billion to
Allied Powers
1916 - $ 1.2 million to
Central Powers
Loans:
$ 2.5 billion to
Allied Powers
$ 27 million to
Central Powers
14. Even if we haven’t entered
the war,have we taken sides?
15. How will we be paid if the
Allies don’t win the war?
16. Use of naval forces
Even before hostilities began, Germany and Britain
were involved in a naval race for mastery of the
seas.
Britain had a long tradition of being the master of
the seas and Germany knew that she was unlikely to
win a naval war against Britain.
For this reason, Germany tended to avoid open
naval conflict with Britain.
17. Blockade
Britain's main naval tactic was to keep
German ships in German ports and to block
supplies from reaching Germany.
Germany's main naval tactic was to post U-
boats in the Atlantic Ocean and to destroy
ships taking supplies from America and other
countries to Britain.
On May 7th
, 1915, the passenger liner
Lusitania, was torpedoed by a German
submarine. Nearly 1200 civilians lost their
lives, including over 100 Americans.
18.
19. The US was upset about the
German’s use of unrestricted
submarine warfare
20. Sussex Pledge of 1916
Germany promised to change their
naval and submarine policy of
unrestricted submarine warfare and
stop the indiscriminate sinking of non-
military ships. Instead, Merchant Ships
would be searched and sunk only if
they contained contraband, and then
only after safe passage had been
provided for the crew and passengers.
21. Why was the Sussex Pledge
issued?
On March 24th
, 1916 a German submarine in
the English Channel attacked what it thought
was a mine-laying ship. It was actually a
French passenger steamer called 'The Sussex’
The Sussex didn't sink, but 50 were killed,
several Americans were injured and the ship
limped into port
22. Why was the Sussex Pledge
issued?
On April 19th, Woodrow Wilson addressed
Congress on the issue. He gave an
ultimatum:
Germany should end attacks on passenger
vessels, or face America 'breaking off'
diplomatic relations.
23. Germany resumes
unrestricted warfare
As the war raged on,
German High Command
became convinced that
they could break Britain
if they used unrestricted
submarine warfare, and
they could do it before
America was in a position
to fully join the war.
On February 1st 1917,
Germany broke the
Sussex Pledge.
24.
25.
26. This was it! President
Woodrow Wilson asked
Congress to declare war on
Germany.
