Why more obese people died during COVID-19 pandemic?
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It is sad that many obese people have died during this COVID-19 pandemic. Please see this short presentation which briefly, high lights the reasons why more people with obesity died?
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This document discusses risk factors and lifestyle as they relate to American culture and health. It defines risk factors as characteristics or behaviors that increase the risk of disease, and lists the top four as smoking, high blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, and obesity. Lifestyle is defined as the typical way a culture lives. The top four causes of death in the U.S. have changed drastically from 1900 to 2010, with communicable diseases being replaced by noncommunicable diseases like heart disease and cancer. Factors contributing to this change include migration bringing new diseases in 1900 and advances in medicine allowing treatment of communicable illnesses. Obesity and bike ownership rates also contribute to differences in life expectancy between countries.
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2) There are large disparities in food expenditures between wealthy and poor families worldwide.
3) Malnutrition remains a major risk factor for disease globally and is responsible for many deaths, especially in children under 5.
4) Both undernutrition and overnutrition pose health challenges, with a shift needed toward more nutritious diets.
diet-and-health-ppt-1114he3.pptx
A balanced diet based on the Eatwell Guide is important for health and preventing diseases like malnutrition. Malnutrition occurs when intake of energy or nutrients is too high or too low and can cause issues like obesity or deficiency diseases. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle can help reduce the risk of diseases like cancer, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis.
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This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. It notes that NCDs are usually not infectious or contagious, have a long duration, and can often be asymptomatic, making them a "silent killer". The document outlines specific NCDs that commonly affect younger and older age groups. It also discusses risk factors for NCDs, including modifiable factors like smoking and physical inactivity, and non-modifiable factors like genetics. The key NCDs of cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, and obesity are then summarized in more detail.
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This document discusses risk factors and lifestyle as they relate to American culture and health. It defines risk factors as characteristics or behaviors that increase the risk of disease, and lists the top four as smoking, high blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, and obesity. Lifestyle is defined as the typical way a culture lives. The top four causes of death in the U.S. have changed drastically from 1900 to 2010, with communicable diseases being replaced by noncommunicable diseases like heart disease and cancer. Factors contributing to this change include migration bringing new diseases in 1900 and advances in medicine allowing treatment of communicable illnesses. Obesity and bike ownership rates also contribute to differences in life expectancy between countries.
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1) The world population is expected to continue growing, putting pressure on global food systems.
2) There are large disparities in food expenditures between wealthy and poor families worldwide.
3) Malnutrition remains a major risk factor for disease globally and is responsible for many deaths, especially in children under 5.
4) Both undernutrition and overnutrition pose health challenges, with a shift needed toward more nutritious diets.
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A balanced diet based on the Eatwell Guide is important for health and preventing diseases like malnutrition. Malnutrition occurs when intake of energy or nutrients is too high or too low and can cause issues like obesity or deficiency diseases. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle can help reduce the risk of diseases like cancer, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis.
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- Diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, eye, kidney, and neurological complications if not properly managed and controlled. Tight glycemic control is important to reduce risks.
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This document summarizes a report on Scotland's health deficit and how increasing vitamin D levels could help address it. The report finds that Scotland has lower vitamin D levels than England due to less sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D increases risk for several chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. While other factors like smoking and diet play a role, Scotland's low vitamin D levels help explain its higher rates of chronic illness compared to other countries. The report recommends increasing vitamin D through supplements, fortified foods, and updated sun exposure advice to potentially improve public health in Scotland.
diet-and-health-ppt-1114he3.pptx
A balanced diet based on the Eatwell Guide promotes good health while an unbalanced diet can lead to poor health and nutritional deficiencies. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and physical activity helps prevent diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers. Malnutrition occurs when intake of energy or nutrients is too high or too low and can be caused by factors like medical conditions, low income, or restricted food choices.
Obesity epidemic and carbohydrates
This document discusses the obesity epidemic and various factors contributing to it, including carbohydrates, environmental factors, genetics, and changes in food systems and physical activity levels. It notes that obesity is defined using BMI levels and presents data on obesity rates in countries like the US, Egypt, and globally. It examines hypotheses around causes like increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity, finding limited evidence supporting either. Instead, it argues the prime driver is changes in the environmental factors like food marketing, transportation, and agriculture that have promoted overconsumption of calories. Family influences and low socioeconomic status may also increase risk by limiting healthy options.
Cystic Fibrosis
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Scotland has an extreme climate with very little sunshine compared to England. This results in low vitamin D levels among the Scottish population, as over 90% of vitamin D comes from sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D has been linked to increased risk of numerous chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Scotland like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Despite evidence that improving vitamin D status could help address Scotland's health deficit, successive reports by the Scottish government have failed to recognize low vitamin D as a risk factor. Implementing measures to increase vitamin D levels, such as supplements, food fortification, and updated sun exposure advice, could potentially achieve significant health gains in Scotland at low cost.
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This document discusses the causes, costs, and cures of obesity. It explores the nature vs nurture debate around obesity and examines genetic and environmental factors. It outlines the health impacts of a sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition, including increased risks of diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and more. The document estimates the economic costs of obesity to the healthcare system and businesses. Finally, it advocates for proper nutrition, exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight as ways to prevent and treat obesity-related illnesses.
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Lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise have a significant effect on health. Poor diet and lack of exercise are the main causes of rising obesity levels in the UK, where over half of adults are overweight. Obesity rates are higher among lower social classes and have increased health costs. Improving diet and increasing exercise levels are important for addressing health inequalities.
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On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the Covid-19 outbreak a global health emergency. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared it a global pandemic.
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This document discusses the poor health of the population in the UK due to lack of exercise and rising obesity levels. It notes that sedentary lifestyles were issues even in ancient times, but that regular physical activity provides significant health benefits. However, most adults do not meet the minimum exercise recommendations, and obesity rates are projected to rise dramatically. As a result, the population suffers from many preventable diseases that place a huge financial burden on the healthcare system. Regular exercise is presented as a key way to reduce disease risk and promote healthy aging.
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The scientists have done their job and the UK has started to vaccinate older people against COVID-19.
But in our ageing world, how do we democratise access to the vaccine whilst also ensuring uptake is as high as possible?
While childhood immunisation programmes are common and well delivered across the world, the situation for adult immunisation is very different.
The levels of uptake of existing adult vaccinations against influenza, pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster remain low across most of the world. We’ve had an age-related flu vaccination programme in the UK for twenty years but we still fail to meet the WHO target of 75% uptake among older people, and uptake rates are even worse for clinical “at risk” groups.
The UK does better than many countries and is arguably a world leader in terms of its approach to the vaccination of older people. But how can we build on this expertise to support uptake of adult vaccinations across the world?
With an overwhelmed NHS, and many “at risk” groups and older people shielding or reluctant to get out of the home, it may be even harder to reach those most in need.
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Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from either the body's inability to produce insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. There are various types of diabetes. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Complications from uncontrolled diabetes can include damage to blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys and heart. Prevention strategies emphasize healthy lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, eating nutritious foods, exercising regularly and avoiding tobacco.
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• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
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- There are several types of diabetes defined by etiology and treatment needs. Type 1 is insulin dependent while Type 2 is typically non-insulin dependent.
- Diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, eye, kidney, and neurological complications if not properly managed and controlled. Tight glycemic control is important to reduce risks.
- Risk factors include family history, obesity, age, and ethnicity. Management involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and medication to control blood sugar, lipids, and blood pressure.
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This document summarizes a report on Scotland's health deficit and how increasing vitamin D levels could help address it. The report finds that Scotland has lower vitamin D levels than England due to less sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D increases risk for several chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. While other factors like smoking and diet play a role, Scotland's low vitamin D levels help explain its higher rates of chronic illness compared to other countries. The report recommends increasing vitamin D through supplements, fortified foods, and updated sun exposure advice to potentially improve public health in Scotland.
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A balanced diet based on the Eatwell Guide promotes good health while an unbalanced diet can lead to poor health and nutritional deficiencies. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and physical activity helps prevent diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers. Malnutrition occurs when intake of energy or nutrients is too high or too low and can be caused by factors like medical conditions, low income, or restricted food choices.
Obesity epidemic and carbohydrates
This document discusses the obesity epidemic and various factors contributing to it, including carbohydrates, environmental factors, genetics, and changes in food systems and physical activity levels. It notes that obesity is defined using BMI levels and presents data on obesity rates in countries like the US, Egypt, and globally. It examines hypotheses around causes like increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity, finding limited evidence supporting either. Instead, it argues the prime driver is changes in the environmental factors like food marketing, transportation, and agriculture that have promoted overconsumption of calories. Family influences and low socioeconomic status may also increase risk by limiting healthy options.
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Vitamin D has increasingly been recognized for its importance beyond bone health. It may help prevent over 100 disorders ranging from cancer to diabetes to depression. Many people have deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels. While sunlight is the best source, factors like sunscreen use, age, and skin pigmentation can reduce natural vitamin D production. Supplementation is often recommended. Vitamin D is involved in processes throughout the body like immune function, cell growth, neuromuscular and immune functioning. Low levels are linked to higher risk of diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis. Testing levels and supplementing to reach optimal levels may provide significant health benefits.
Scotland Vit D
Scotland has an extreme climate with very little sunshine compared to England. This results in low vitamin D levels among the Scottish population, as over 90% of vitamin D comes from sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D has been linked to increased risk of numerous chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Scotland like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Despite evidence that improving vitamin D status could help address Scotland's health deficit, successive reports by the Scottish government have failed to recognize low vitamin D as a risk factor. Implementing measures to increase vitamin D levels, such as supplements, food fortification, and updated sun exposure advice, could potentially achieve significant health gains in Scotland at low cost.
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Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and tiny ulcers on the lining of the colon. It typically begins in the rectum and spreads upward. Most patients are diagnosed between ages 15-25 or in their 60s. Stress can exacerbate ulcerative colitis over time. Dietary risk factors include high intake of red meat, processed meat, alcohol, sulphur, and certain fats and vitamins. Treatment may include dietary modifications in addition to medication. A case study describes a patient presenting with appetite loss, weight loss, and abdominal pain who was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and anemia and prescribed a low-fiber, moderate-fat, moderate-carbohydrate diet high in protein
Inequalities in health - lifestyle
Lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise have a significant effect on health. Poor diet and lack of exercise are the main causes of rising obesity levels in the UK, where over half of adults are overweight. Obesity rates are higher among lower social classes and have increased health costs. Improving diet and increasing exercise levels are important for addressing health inequalities.
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Covid-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. It can affect the upper respiratory tract, viz. sinuses, nose, and throat or lower respiratory tract, viz. windpipe, and lungs. Severe cases can lead to serious respiratory disease, and even pneumonia.
On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the Covid-19 outbreak a global health emergency. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared it a global pandemic.
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This document discusses the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM). It notes that DM increases the risk of developing active TB for those with latent TB infections, and may also increase the risk of poor treatment outcomes. DM potentiates TB through mechanisms like immunocompromise from hyperglycemia and effects on macrophage and lymphocyte function. TB can also increase the risk of hyperglycemia and worsen glycemic control in diabetics. The document recommends screening TB patients for DM and DM patients for TB. Radiographic findings in TB-DM patients may show an atypical pattern like lower lung involvement.
The health of the nation - older, sicker, fatter! By Dr John Searle Obe
This document discusses the poor health of the population in the UK due to lack of exercise and rising obesity levels. It notes that sedentary lifestyles were issues even in ancient times, but that regular physical activity provides significant health benefits. However, most adults do not meet the minimum exercise recommendations, and obesity rates are projected to rise dramatically. As a result, the population suffers from many preventable diseases that place a huge financial burden on the healthcare system. Regular exercise is presented as a key way to reduce disease risk and promote healthy aging.
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ILC held a webinar where we heard from experts at Pfizer, GSK, Sanofi and MSD on how we maximise uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination among older people, and heed the lessons from the pandemic for other adult vaccinations.
The scientists have done their job and the UK has started to vaccinate older people against COVID-19.
But in our ageing world, how do we democratise access to the vaccine whilst also ensuring uptake is as high as possible?
While childhood immunisation programmes are common and well delivered across the world, the situation for adult immunisation is very different.
The levels of uptake of existing adult vaccinations against influenza, pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster remain low across most of the world. We’ve had an age-related flu vaccination programme in the UK for twenty years but we still fail to meet the WHO target of 75% uptake among older people, and uptake rates are even worse for clinical “at risk” groups.
The UK does better than many countries and is arguably a world leader in terms of its approach to the vaccination of older people. But how can we build on this expertise to support uptake of adult vaccinations across the world?
With an overwhelmed NHS, and many “at risk” groups and older people shielding or reluctant to get out of the home, it may be even harder to reach those most in need.
This ILC webinar presented a unique opportunity to hear from medical experts in the pharmaceutical industry about how we heed the lessons of what works, based on our experience of delivering other adult vaccinations, and how the lessons from COVID-19 can help drive uptake of other vaccinations targeted at older people.
Diabetes Mellitus
Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from either the body's inability to produce insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. There are various types of diabetes. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Complications from uncontrolled diabetes can include damage to blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys and heart. Prevention strategies emphasize healthy lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, eating nutritious foods, exercising regularly and avoiding tobacco.
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Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
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- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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- 1. COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention & Protection Why more people with Obesity died? Dr. C. Rajeswaran FRCP(UK);MSc Consultant Physician
- 2. Outcome of People with Obesity in COVID-19 Pandemic ‘US is the FATTEST nation in the world:, & the “UK is the fattest in Europe” 75% of Covid-19 patients in NHS Intensive Care Units were overweight or obese. In New York, 90% of the people ventilated were obese 99% of deaths in Italy have been in patients with obesity and obesity related co-morbid conditions Nearly 100,000 deaths in US & 50,000 deaths in the UK
- 3. Why more obese people died & were ventilated? Exaggerated inflammatory response Poor respiratory reserve and ventilation Associated co-morbid conditions ( Diabetes, Hypertension ….) Impairs immune responses to viral infection
- 4. Endothelial dysfunction Why more obese people died & were ventilated? Predilection to clots Obese people have vitamin D deficiency
- 5. Why more obese people died & were ventilated? Difficult to keep obese people prone due to body habitus Difficulty in ventilation Obese men have low testosterone, reducing immunity
- 6. What should be done ? Obesity is a Chronic inflammatory condition with metabolic consequences Obesity also called ABCD (Adiposity Based Chronic Disease) Diets alone do not help Help patients identify Hunger patterns & provide solutions Management now, is not “What” to do, Find out “WHY” are they doing it
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