The document discusses the history and culture of Andalusia, Spain. It describes how Andalusia thrived under Moorish rule from the 10th to 15th centuries when cities like Cordoba and Granada were intellectual and economic centers. Andalusia experienced a decline after the empire ended and industrialization occurred elsewhere. However, Andalusian culture, including flamenco and bullfighting, has endured. The Kosmo People foundation community is based in Andalusia at Mi Casita to take advantage of Andalusian values like acceptance and love of life that were influenced by the region's long history under Moorish rule.
Spanish History and Culture up to 14th CenturySwagata Basu
This is a summary of the course I teach at Doon University before the Mid Term exam of 2013. It covers the History and Culture of Spain from the beginnings till the 14th century covering architecture, literature and of course the politics. It would be useful for any body interested in Spanish studies.
Spanish History and Culture up to 14th CenturySwagata Basu
This is a summary of the course I teach at Doon University before the Mid Term exam of 2013. It covers the History and Culture of Spain from the beginnings till the 14th century covering architecture, literature and of course the politics. It would be useful for any body interested in Spanish studies.
Keeping your child with diabetes out of the hospital prewebinar materialStephen Ponder
This slide deck is material for preparation for the August 19th 2014 Webinar by the same title to be presented at 7:30-9:00PM Central Standard Time in the USA. To register for the webinar go to
https://baylorscottandwhiteevent.webex.com/mw0307l/mywebex/default.do?siteurl=baylorscottandwhiteevent
Cracks in your walls aren't simply appalling; they can be cautioning signs for intense issues in your home. A few breaks are ordinary and originate from the common maturing procedure of a home.
JDRF TypeOneNation June 21 2014: Sugar surfing putting it all together by Ste...Stephen Ponder
A copy of my scheduled presentation for the JDRF TypeOneNation Conference in Austin, Texas on June 21, 2014 to be given by Stephen Ponder MD, FAAP CDE during the Advanced Care Symposium from 2:00-2:50PM
2014 typeonenation pump talk for nurses Austin, Texas June 21Stephen Ponder
Slide Deck for the 2014 School RN talk on Insulin Pump use by Stephen Ponder MD, FAAP CDE on June 21, 2014 in Austin, Texas at the TypeOneNation conference.
W7L3European Age of ExplorationA World Map from Alberto Cantin.docxmelbruce90096
W7L3
European Age of Exploration
A World Map from Alberto Cantino, 1502
When we last left Europe, the Islamic trading influences had sparked a revolution of ideas in Italy that began to spread across the cultural centers of European kingdoms. The Italian Renaissance slowly spread across Europe, bringing new innovations in technology, art, music, scientific understanding, mathematics, and medicine. In turn these ideas had sparked the Reformation. However, by the sixteenth century, as the Reformation picked up steam and began spreading radical religious ideas throughout Christendom, already some European kingdoms had begun applying Renaissance inventions to new economic opportunities: Exploration.
The presence of patronage throughout royal courts had encouraged a stability of economies. This stability was called mercantilism – the economic doctrine that assumes government control of foreign trade is the most important element of ensuring prosperity for a given state. The idea is that trading partners need each other to prosper, so trading states are less likely to war with each other over minor details, lest that diminishes trade. The downside to mercantilism is that it can foster an atmosphere of such extreme competition between two or more states that other states end up falling prey to that intense rivalry. This is exactly what happened with cultures in Africa, North America, the Caribbean, and Mesoamerica. But the immediacy of stability caused by mercantilism contributed to the standing atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and increasing centralized governments to lead expeditions outside of European domains.
Portugal
The Portuguese had regained control over the Kingdom of Portugal in 1415, when conquering Christian forces had expelled the occupying Moors. Spain still had some years of fighting left to regain control over the remaining Iberian Peninsula, but Portugal began to set its affairs in order and set its sights on increased trade. Playing a key role in this development was Prince Henry the Navigator.
Prince Henry the Navigator extended Portuguese trade ports throughout the coasts of Africa and into India
Prince Henry was very religious and thought that exploring the African coastline might benefit Portugal in economic glory while benefitting African through conversion from mostly Islamic beliefs to Christian ideas. He established a navigation school to increase the knowledge of sailors. New techniques in ship-building allowed for longer journeys with more gods on board. He also spread the idea that courtly chivalrous honor could be achieved through behaviors off the battle-field. In addition to military glory, he thought, knightly behavior could be earned through intellectual exploration, religious piety and missionary work, and the adventure of journeying to places unknown. In the early 1400s, Portuguese sailors began sailing into ports along the African coast. They were there not as conquerors, but as traders.
And so, Portugues.
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docxhyacinthshackley2629
1/12/16
Syllabus overview
Primary vs secondary sources
1/14/16
Ren. and Recon. In Red White and Black (Johnson 2-2; Brinkley Chapter 1)
Image: romantic view of Columbus setting foot in the new world
I. Intro Big Themes
II. The world ca. 15th century
III. Portuguese Beginnings
IV. Columbus the 1st Conquistador
America Discovery
Norse occupation of upper Canada during the middle ages
Basque fishermen fishing off of the New England and Upper Canada
Population estimates of 15-50 million of Native American descent in 1492
15th century = 1400s
Looking at the world during the 1400s, with broad brushstrokes laying out some of the rpe conditions for conquest in the hew world.
What were the goals and provisions of the Europeans that instigated them breaking from tradition and setting out to discover.
The real pioneers were the Portuguese, outside of brazil they do not have a large presence in the New World
Big Themes:
Conquest changed everything, most momentous single event that historians can think of. It changed the fortunes of the entire globe.
In the 15th century Europe was emerging from the middle ages, sometimes refered to as the dark ages and as prospering especially in maritime states, such as Genoa where Columbus was born. It was however a sideshow of the economic worlds wealth. Much of the worlds trading systems was being traded across land or hugging the coasts between Europe and the far east. Along the silk roads. Europe lay at the very end of these roads.
By being at the end of the roads Europe was on the periphery. This changed with the age of exploration.
Exploration completely changed the map of the world. What Europeans changed despite the map was to create an Atlantic system of trade and commerce, sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade. Trade between Europe-Africa-New World (N. and S. America and the Caribbean)
The rise of the west was built on this Atlantic system. The fortunes of Europe over the next 500 years will be laid economically, politically, militarily, etc. in the colonial outposts in the New World.
Effects dramatic in other locations as well.
Africa will export slaves to work vast plantations, mining facilities, as well as other things that were done to produce wealth. The fortunes of Africans thus will be dramatically transformed.
No less dramatic to Native Americans 15-50 million indigenous inhabitants of N. and S. America. It has been estimated that a figure as high as 90% died within a century of Columbus’s ‘discovery.’
The first group that Europeans hope to enslave are N. Americans and some die from overwork, and labor.
Most die due to disease-smallpox, etc.
For peoples of Asia and Middle East will see their fortunes change in particular to that of Europe. Prior to the discoveries the east was the center of the knowledge, wealth and power, with the Middle East as Middle men in the trade routes also benefitting.
With the development of the trade routes these centers of power would diminish
Q: did the.
2. The Kosmo People foundation community isThe Kosmo People foundation community is
based in Andalusia,based in Andalusia, the home of Mi Casitathe home of Mi Casita..
As we start near to go far, our foundationAs we start near to go far, our foundation
community will provide the model and learning thatcommunity will provide the model and learning that
we require as we expand to other regions ofwe require as we expand to other regions of
the world.the world.
4. WHERE IS ANDALUSIA?WHERE IS ANDALUSIA?
Andalusia is one of Spain’s seventeen regional orAndalusia is one of Spain’s seventeen regional or
autonomous communities.autonomous communities.
It is located in theIt is located in the south of the countrysouth of the country andand
borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterraneanborders the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean
Sea. It has eight provinces: Almeria, Cadiz,Sea. It has eight provinces: Almeria, Cadiz,
Cordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaen, Malaga andCordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaen, Malaga and
Seville its capital city.Seville its capital city.
6. Andalusia has aAndalusia has a very rich and fascinatingvery rich and fascinating historyhistory
which is believed by historians to be at least threewhich is believed by historians to be at least three
thousand years old.thousand years old.
It has had influences from a range of culturesIt has had influences from a range of cultures
including that of the Phoenicians, Greeks,including that of the Phoenicians, Greeks,
Romans, Visigoths and the Moors who colonised itRomans, Visigoths and the Moors who colonised it
for nearly eight hundred years before theirfor nearly eight hundred years before their
surrender to the catholic monarchs in fourteensurrender to the catholic monarchs in fourteen
hundred and ninety two.hundred and ninety two.
8. ANDALUSIA’S HIGHSANDALUSIA’S HIGHS
During this era and particularly in the tenth andDuring this era and particularly in the tenth and
eleventh centuries its provinces played aneleventh centuries its provinces played an
important role as some of theimportant role as some of the most advancedmost advanced
cultural, political, financial and economic centrescultural, political, financial and economic centres
of the world.of the world.
9. CORDOBACORDOBA
Its capital at the time, Cordoba was considered theIts capital at the time, Cordoba was considered the
Jewel of the world. It was theJewel of the world. It was the intellectual centreintellectual centre
of Europeof Europe and home to the world’s largest libraryand home to the world’s largest library
and the first university in Europe.and the first university in Europe.
11. CADIZCADIZ
Cadiz is said to be theCadiz is said to be the oldest continuouslyoldest continuously
inhabitedinhabited city in Europe.city in Europe.
ItIt has a rich history which includes its pivotal rolehas a rich history which includes its pivotal role
during the age of exploration, as one of the portsduring the age of exploration, as one of the ports
where Christopher Columbus set sail on hiswhere Christopher Columbus set sail on his
voyages to America. It is also said to have beenvoyages to America. It is also said to have been
home to the Spanish treasure fleet and the firsthome to the Spanish treasure fleet and the first
constitution of Europe.constitution of Europe.
13. GRANADAGRANADA
Granada is the home of one of the most visitedGranada is the home of one of the most visited
world heritage sites and emblematic monument ofworld heritage sites and emblematic monument of
Andalusia, the walled city and fortress knownAndalusia, the walled city and fortress known
as The Alhambra Palace.as The Alhambra Palace.
It was once a powerful and self sufficient kingdomIt was once a powerful and self sufficient kingdom
until it was conquered at the end of the fifteenthuntil it was conquered at the end of the fifteenth
century by Ferdinand II, King of Aragon and hiscentury by Ferdinand II, King of Aragon and his
wife Isabella I, Queen of Castille.wife Isabella I, Queen of Castille.
15. MALAGAMALAGA
Malaga, the fourth ranking city in economic activityMalaga, the fourth ranking city in economic activity
behind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia has beenbehind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia has been
referred to as an ‘open museum’ for its rich historyreferred to as an ‘open museum’ for its rich history
spanning three thousand years.spanning three thousand years.
It was once described by the fourteen centuryIt was once described by the fourteen century
traveller Ibn Battutua astraveller Ibn Battutua as one of the most beautifulone of the most beautiful
towns of Andalusiatowns of Andalusia for the conveniences of both itsfor the conveniences of both its
sea and land. This made it an important battlegroundsea and land. This made it an important battleground
for wars such as the Battle of Malaga in thefor wars such as the Battle of Malaga in the
eighteenth century and the Spanish civil war.eighteenth century and the Spanish civil war.
17. SEVILLESEVILLE
Seville, the current capital of Andalusia embodies theSeville, the current capital of Andalusia embodies the
regions integration into modern Spain, as symbolisedregions integration into modern Spain, as symbolised
by the construction of the bell tower of its cathedral,by the construction of the bell tower of its cathedral,
known as the Giralda, from a former minaret.known as the Giralda, from a former minaret.
Its port played an important part in theIts port played an important part in the SpanishSpanish
golden agegolden age and the city received many accoladesand the city received many accolades
from successive catholic kings for its loyalty.from successive catholic kings for its loyalty.
19. The land of Andalusia thrived under Moorish ruleThe land of Andalusia thrived under Moorish rule
and it continued to do so under the catholic kingsand it continued to do so under the catholic kings
for a further three hundred years during, thefor a further three hundred years during, the
golden age, the age of empire, when it is said togolden age, the age of empire, when it is said to
havehave monopolised tradingmonopolised trading with the colonieswith the colonies.
21. ANDALUSIA’S LOWSANDALUSIA’S LOWS
With the end of empire and the industrialisation ofWith the end of empire and the industrialisation of
northern cities in Catalonia and the Basquenorthern cities in Catalonia and the Basque
country, Andalusia suffered from acountry, Andalusia suffered from a seriousserious
declinedecline which exposed the deep social divisionswhich exposed the deep social divisions
that had emerged between a small group of verythat had emerged between a small group of very
wealthy land owners and the rest of thewealthy land owners and the rest of the
population made up mostly of poor people whopopulation made up mostly of poor people who
worked on the land and as trades people.worked on the land and as trades people.
23. Andalusia has never fully recovered from thisAndalusia has never fully recovered from this
decline and is considered still economically poordecline and is considered still economically poor
in comparison to the rest of Spain and thein comparison to the rest of Spain and the
European Union.European Union.
ItsIts strong cultural heritage and identitystrong cultural heritage and identity,,
however, endures. Internationally, its flamencohowever, endures. Internationally, its flamenco
music and dance, architecture and the art ofmusic and dance, architecture and the art of
bullfighting as examples which are seen asbullfighting as examples which are seen as
distinctly Spanish are said to be predominantly ordistinctly Spanish are said to be predominantly or
completely Andalusian in origin.completely Andalusian in origin.
25. WHY ANDALUSIA?WHY ANDALUSIA?
Andalusians are famous for their acceptance ofAndalusians are famous for their acceptance of
difference,difference, their love of lifetheir love of life, as much as for their, as much as for their
history of oppression.history of oppression.
The endurance of the culture of the people of thisThe endurance of the culture of the people of this
region and their psyche has been attributed in largeregion and their psyche has been attributed in large
part to nearly eight hundred years of Moorish historypart to nearly eight hundred years of Moorish history
when the region was the centre of an empire thatwhen the region was the centre of an empire that
stretched across most of Spain, Portugal, southernstretched across most of Spain, Portugal, southern
France and as far south as Nigeria in West Africa.France and as far south as Nigeria in West Africa.
27. In fact, if alternative accounts of Moorish history are toIn fact, if alternative accounts of Moorish history are to
be believed, its influence reachedbe believed, its influence reached far deeper into thefar deeper into the
heart of Europeheart of Europe than is formally acknowledged.than is formally acknowledged.
It is said to be an era in which, until the SpanishIt is said to be an era in which, until the Spanish
Inquisition, Jews, Christians, Gypsies and MuslimsInquisition, Jews, Christians, Gypsies and Muslims
lived side by side as the civilisation flourished with thelived side by side as the civilisation flourished with the
introduction of new ideas and insights on architecture,introduction of new ideas and insights on architecture,
astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, musicastronomy, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, music
and an exotic gastronomy from Africa, the Middle Eastand an exotic gastronomy from Africa, the Middle East
and India.and India.
28. Andalusians endurance of poverty, oppressionAndalusians endurance of poverty, oppression
and prejudice after its decline combined with thisand prejudice after its decline combined with this
rich cultural legacy to form a mindset thatrich cultural legacy to form a mindset that
understands pain, grief and sadness, as much asunderstands pain, grief and sadness, as much as
the joy of life, the appreciation of freedom and athe joy of life, the appreciation of freedom and a
love for the human soul so beautifully embodiedlove for the human soul so beautifully embodied
by Flamenco; a mindset that appreciatesby Flamenco; a mindset that appreciates thethe
value of emotion, expression and authenticityvalue of emotion, expression and authenticity,,
that is specially Andalusian.that is specially Andalusian.
30. KOSMO PEOPLE & ANDALUSIAKOSMO PEOPLE & ANDALUSIA
The ability to endure is what makes Andalusia special.The ability to endure is what makes Andalusia special.
The skill with which its people learned to absorb theThe skill with which its people learned to absorb the
suffering that accompanied their decline and then sharesuffering that accompanied their decline and then share
these experiencesthese experiences through music, literature, good foodthrough music, literature, good food
and artand art has historically been deeply extravagant, erotic,has historically been deeply extravagant, erotic,
bitter and festive.bitter and festive.
Even now, we can feel it through Semana Santa and theEven now, we can feel it through Semana Santa and the
unending ferias and celebrations that outsiders who haveunending ferias and celebrations that outsiders who have
had the privilege to live in this region have equallyhad the privilege to live in this region have equally
enjoyed.enjoyed.
32. el-himno-andaluz
The Green and White FlagThe Green and White Flag
The Green and White FlagThe Green and White Flag
returns after centuries of warreturns after centuries of war
to tell of peace and hopeto tell of peace and hope
under our land's sunshine.under our land's sunshine.
Andalusians, stand up!Andalusians, stand up!
Demand land and freedom!Demand land and freedom!
For a free Andalusia,For a free Andalusia,
SpainSpain and Mankind!and Mankind!
We, Andalusians, wantWe, Andalusians, want
to become once againto become once again
people of light who to Mankindpeople of light who to Mankind
gave a human soul.gave a human soul.
Andalusians, stand up!Andalusians, stand up!
Demand land and freedom!Demand land and freedom!
For a free Andalusia,For a free Andalusia,
Spain and Mankind!Spain and Mankind!
33. KOSMO PEOPLE & ANDALUSIAKOSMO PEOPLE & ANDALUSIA
It is this history that connects the south, the east,It is this history that connects the south, the east,
the west and the north, andthe west and the north, and all of us with eachall of us with each
otherother, that makes Andalusia so special, so right at, that makes Andalusia so special, so right at
this time and place to play host as our foundationthis time and place to play host as our foundation
community for the development of Kosmo Peoplecommunity for the development of Kosmo People
and our project for the renewal and transformationand our project for the renewal and transformation
of our world.of our world.
