Advice on the use of masks in the community, during
home care and in health care settings in the context of
the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
Interim guidance
29 January 2020
The recent pandemic has set the criteria of prevention in dentistry to a new bar.To combat covid 19 hopefully this is helpful to all my fellow dentists.
The recent pandemic has set the criteria of prevention in dentistry to a new bar.To combat covid 19 hopefully this is helpful to all my fellow dentists.
Public Health Emergency(Corona) Precautions and Safety.Apurv Charles
The safety and precautions are discussed in Public Health Emergencies .The Do's and Dont's for working professionals during management of any Public Health Emergency.
Its very important to be safe and alert during any such incidence as the responsibility is serious and can prevent many deaths and such adverse events.
This is my small effort to help professionals working during this International Pandemic known as "Corona Virus Disease".
The safety measures should be known to the professionals working with such infected and isolated clients,
Be safe and stay alert.
Kindly share this presentation with your dear ones as they are dealing with serious infections and this can educate and save them and many more.
To know more about Corona Virus Disease please check out following links :-
1)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/pregnancy-and-corona-virus-disease-covid19
2)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/nutritional-aspects-of-corona-covid-19-230680286
3)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/corona-dead-body-management-covid19
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Thank you.
The World Health Organization (WHO) says , ‘Not enough is known about 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to draw definitive conclusions about how it is transmitted, clinical features of disease, or the extent to which it has spread. The source also remains unknown’
World is facing the warmth of Coronavirus outbreak, initially reported on 31st December 2019 and was then declared as global pandemic by WHO (World Health Organisation) in the statement released by its Director General’s opening remark on 11 March 2020, due to its instant increase
in the cases all over the world affecting large no of people. Before declaring it as pandemic, outbreak of COVID-19 was declared as global health emergency on 30 January 2020. Pandemic term has been used instead of epidemic due to its widespread rise in cases over a wide geographical area, unlike epidemic where there are stable number of cases during outbreak.
YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM - Your best weapon and defense against the virus infection is your immune system. In this research keynote slides, you will find ways to boost and strengthen your immunity to fight all odds.
For more suggestions, do reach to me with regards to general health and immune-boosting food.
whats app +46 70 8 939896
ashar@hotmail.se
www.cebm.netoxford-covid-19 1 What is the.docxodiliagilby
www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
1
What is the efficacy of standard face masks compared to respirator
masks in preventing COVID-type respiratory illnesses in primary
care staff?
Trish Greenhalgh and Xin Hui Chan, University of Oxford
Kamlesh Khunti, University of Leicester
Quentin Durand-Moreau and Sebastian Straube, University of Alberta, Canada
Declan Devane and Elaine Toomey, Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland
Anil Adisesh, University of Toronto, and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
On behalf of the Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service Team
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences,
University of Oxford
23rd March 2020
Correspondence to [email protected]
Most real-world research comparing standard face masks with respirator masks has
been in the context of influenza or other relatively benign respiratory conditions and
based in hospitals. There are no published head-to-head trials of these interventions
in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection,
COVID-19, and no trials in primary or community care settings. Current guidance is
therefore based partly on indirect evidence – notably, from past influenza, SARS and
MERS outbreaks – as well as expert opinion and custom and practice.
Policy guidance from various bodies (e.g. Public Health England, WHO) emphasises
the need to assess the contagion risk of an encounter and use the recommended
combination of equipment for that situation. A respirator mask and other highly
effective PPE (eye protection, gloves, long-sleeved gown, used with good
donning/doffing technique) are needed to protect against small airborne particles in
aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) such as intubation. For non-AGPs, there is
no evidence that respirator masks add value over standard masks when both are
used with recommended wider PPE measures.
A recent meta-analysis of standard v respirator (N95 or FFP) masks by the Chinese
Cochrane Centre included six RCTs with a total of 9171 participants with influenza-
like illnesses (including pandemic strains, seasonal influenza A or B viruses and
zoonotic viruses such as avian or swine influenza). There were no statistically
significant differences in their efficacy in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza,
laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections, laboratory-confirmed respiratory
infection and influenza-like illness, but respirators appeared to protect against
bacterial colonization.
http://www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
mailto:[email protected]
https://www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
2
CONTEXT
Concerns have been raised about the limited personal protective equipment (PPE)
provided for UK primary and community care staff with some GP surgeries,
pharmacies and care homes having very limited provision. We were asked to find out
whether and in what circumstances standard m ...
Public Health Emergency(Corona) Precautions and Safety.Apurv Charles
The safety and precautions are discussed in Public Health Emergencies .The Do's and Dont's for working professionals during management of any Public Health Emergency.
Its very important to be safe and alert during any such incidence as the responsibility is serious and can prevent many deaths and such adverse events.
This is my small effort to help professionals working during this International Pandemic known as "Corona Virus Disease".
The safety measures should be known to the professionals working with such infected and isolated clients,
Be safe and stay alert.
Kindly share this presentation with your dear ones as they are dealing with serious infections and this can educate and save them and many more.
To know more about Corona Virus Disease please check out following links :-
1)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/pregnancy-and-corona-virus-disease-covid19
2)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/nutritional-aspects-of-corona-covid-19-230680286
3)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/corona-dead-body-management-covid19
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Thank you.
The World Health Organization (WHO) says , ‘Not enough is known about 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to draw definitive conclusions about how it is transmitted, clinical features of disease, or the extent to which it has spread. The source also remains unknown’
World is facing the warmth of Coronavirus outbreak, initially reported on 31st December 2019 and was then declared as global pandemic by WHO (World Health Organisation) in the statement released by its Director General’s opening remark on 11 March 2020, due to its instant increase
in the cases all over the world affecting large no of people. Before declaring it as pandemic, outbreak of COVID-19 was declared as global health emergency on 30 January 2020. Pandemic term has been used instead of epidemic due to its widespread rise in cases over a wide geographical area, unlike epidemic where there are stable number of cases during outbreak.
YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM - Your best weapon and defense against the virus infection is your immune system. In this research keynote slides, you will find ways to boost and strengthen your immunity to fight all odds.
For more suggestions, do reach to me with regards to general health and immune-boosting food.
whats app +46 70 8 939896
ashar@hotmail.se
www.cebm.netoxford-covid-19 1 What is the.docxodiliagilby
www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
1
What is the efficacy of standard face masks compared to respirator
masks in preventing COVID-type respiratory illnesses in primary
care staff?
Trish Greenhalgh and Xin Hui Chan, University of Oxford
Kamlesh Khunti, University of Leicester
Quentin Durand-Moreau and Sebastian Straube, University of Alberta, Canada
Declan Devane and Elaine Toomey, Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland
Anil Adisesh, University of Toronto, and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
On behalf of the Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service Team
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences,
University of Oxford
23rd March 2020
Correspondence to [email protected]
Most real-world research comparing standard face masks with respirator masks has
been in the context of influenza or other relatively benign respiratory conditions and
based in hospitals. There are no published head-to-head trials of these interventions
in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection,
COVID-19, and no trials in primary or community care settings. Current guidance is
therefore based partly on indirect evidence – notably, from past influenza, SARS and
MERS outbreaks – as well as expert opinion and custom and practice.
Policy guidance from various bodies (e.g. Public Health England, WHO) emphasises
the need to assess the contagion risk of an encounter and use the recommended
combination of equipment for that situation. A respirator mask and other highly
effective PPE (eye protection, gloves, long-sleeved gown, used with good
donning/doffing technique) are needed to protect against small airborne particles in
aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) such as intubation. For non-AGPs, there is
no evidence that respirator masks add value over standard masks when both are
used with recommended wider PPE measures.
A recent meta-analysis of standard v respirator (N95 or FFP) masks by the Chinese
Cochrane Centre included six RCTs with a total of 9171 participants with influenza-
like illnesses (including pandemic strains, seasonal influenza A or B viruses and
zoonotic viruses such as avian or swine influenza). There were no statistically
significant differences in their efficacy in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza,
laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections, laboratory-confirmed respiratory
infection and influenza-like illness, but respirators appeared to protect against
bacterial colonization.
http://www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
mailto:[email protected]
https://www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
2
CONTEXT
Concerns have been raised about the limited personal protective equipment (PPE)
provided for UK primary and community care staff with some GP surgeries,
pharmacies and care homes having very limited provision. We were asked to find out
whether and in what circumstances standard m ...
www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
1
What is the efficacy of standard face masks compared to respirator
masks in preventing COVID-type respiratory illnesses in primary
care staff?
Trish Greenhalgh and Xin Hui Chan, University of Oxford
Kamlesh Khunti, University of Leicester
Quentin Durand-Moreau and Sebastian Straube, University of Alberta, Canada
Declan Devane and Elaine Toomey, Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland
Anil Adisesh, University of Toronto, and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
On behalf of the Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service Team
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences,
University of Oxford
23rd March 2020
Correspondence to [email protected]
Most real-world research comparing standard face masks with respirator masks has
been in the context of influenza or other relatively benign respiratory conditions and
based in hospitals. There are no published head-to-head trials of these interventions
in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection,
COVID-19, and no trials in primary or community care settings. Current guidance is
therefore based partly on indirect evidence – notably, from past influenza, SARS and
MERS outbreaks – as well as expert opinion and custom and practice.
Policy guidance from various bodies (e.g. Public Health England, WHO) emphasises
the need to assess the contagion risk of an encounter and use the recommended
combination of equipment for that situation. A respirator mask and other highly
effective PPE (eye protection, gloves, long-sleeved gown, used with good
donning/doffing technique) are needed to protect against small airborne particles in
aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) such as intubation. For non-AGPs, there is
no evidence that respirator masks add value over standard masks when both are
used with recommended wider PPE measures.
A recent meta-analysis of standard v respirator (N95 or FFP) masks by the Chinese
Cochrane Centre included six RCTs with a total of 9171 participants with influenza-
like illnesses (including pandemic strains, seasonal influenza A or B viruses and
zoonotic viruses such as avian or swine influenza). There were no statistically
significant differences in their efficacy in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza,
laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections, laboratory-confirmed respiratory
infection and influenza-like illness, but respirators appeared to protect against
bacterial colonization.
http://www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
mailto:[email protected]
https://www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
www.cebm.net/oxford-covid-19/
2
CONTEXT
Concerns have been raised about the limited personal protective equipment (PPE)
provided for UK primary and community care staff with some GP surgeries,
pharmacies and care homes having very limited provision. We were asked to find out
whether and in what circumstances standard m ...
Anesthesiologist’s Prospective on Self-protection, Therapy, and Managements i...asclepiuspdfs
During the beginnings of 2020, a virus has spread from China and caused a huge surge in severe acute respiratory cases globally. Due to the high contagiousness and anomalous course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused by coronavirus disease, abbreviated as COVID-19, the World Health Organization (W.H.O) announced it as a pandemic and strict measurements were implemented to try and protect the vulnerable populations and those fighting on the frontline of this wave.[1] Scientific personnel all over the world began reviewing hundreds of articles published by scientific authors about the preexisting coronaviruses to assess the strain and pathogenesis of COVID-19 and explore possible effective therapies. At the beginning of the pandemic, the goal was clear: Support the immune system by using preexisting drugs such as antibiotics and antivirals to prevent superinfections and alleviate possible foreseen complications, in addition to the use of prophylactic vaccines in high-risk groups. Another therapy option was the use of convalescent sera, which is a passive antibody therapy used as prophylaxis.[2] In this review, we conclude the importance of adhering to the precautionary guidelines set by the W.H.O recommended for health care workers and the general population, as the most important factor for protection against further transmission of the virus. The extra respiratory manifestations of the virus will also be highlighted along with the therapy modalities that are already being used and the upcoming vaccines that will counteract the virus.
The way to infection control in dental clinics
Introduction:
The unique nature of dental procedures, instrumentation and patient care settings require specific strategies directed to the prevention of transmission of diseases among dental health care workers and their patients.
Disease: impairment of normal functioning, manifested by signs and symptoms.
Infection: state produced by an infected agent in or on a suitable host, host may be or may not have signs or symptoms.
Carrier: individual harbors the agent but does not have symptoms (person can infect others).
Factors that allow or aid infection:
= The presence of pathogenic micro-organisms.
= There must be a portal of entry via which the organisms invade and colonize the susceptible host.
Medical history
A thorough medical history should be taken and up-dated at subsequent examinations. Medical history screening is essential in alerting the clinician to medical problems that could, in conjunction with dental treatment, adversely affect the patient.
Protective measures
Protection can be achieved by a combination of immunization procedures, use of barrier techniques and strict adherence to routine infection control procedures.
(a) Immunization:
All dental health care workers are advised to be immunized against HBV unless immunity from natural infection or previous immunization had been documented
(b) Protective coverings:
=Uniforms:
Uniforms should be changed regularly and whenever soiled. Gowns or aprons should be worn during procedures that are likely to cause spattering or splashing of blood.
=Hand protection:
Gloves must be worn for procedures involving contact with blood, saliva or mucous membrane. A new pair of gloves should be used for each patient.
If a gloves damaged, it must be replaced immediately. Hands should be washed thoroughly with a proprietary disinfectant liquid soap prior to and immediately after the use of gloves.
Disposable paper towels are recommended for drying of hands.
Any cuts o abrasions on the hands or wrists should be covered with adhesive waterproof dressings at all times.
=Protective glasses, masks or face shields Protective:
Glasses, masks or face shields should be worn by operators and close-support dental surgery assistants to protect the eyes against the spatter and aerosols which may occur during cavity preparation, scaling and the cleaning of instruments.
(c) Sharp instruments and needles:
Sharp instruments and needle should be handled with great care to prevent unintentional injury. Needles should never be recapped by using both hands indirect contact or by any other technique that involves moving the point of a used needle towards any part of the body. The needle can be recapped by laying the cap on the tray, placing the cap in a re-sheathing device or holding the cap with forceps before guiding the needle into the cap.
(d) First aid and inoculation injuries:
Corna virus detail And corona virus in pakistanEmaan Uppal
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019Avoiding close contact with sick individuals; frequently washing hands with soap and water; not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands; and practicing good respiratory hygiene.
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by the recently found virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (or coronavirus). Before the outbreak originated in Wuhan, China on December 2019, there was no information about this virus. Case Definition (India), Symptoms, Statistics, Preventive Measures, Management
This document provides interim guidance for healthcare facilities (e.g., hospitals, long-term care and outpatient facilities, and other settings where healthcare is provided) and will be updated as needed.
Coronavirus & Implications for dental practiceMettinaAngela
A Presentation on COVID 19 and its implications for dental practice, includes careful steps for patient handling, Management of emergencies & personal care to be taken during this pandemic crisis.
Maharashtra Adventure Gr 2021 Maharashtra government on Wednesday approved a policy for adventure tourism to streamline adventure activities across the state.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Who n cov-ipc-masks-2020.1-eng
1. 1
Advice on the use of masks in the community, during
home care and in health care settings in the context of
the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
Interim guidance
29 January 2020
Introduction
This document provides rapid advice on the use of medical
masks in communities, at home and at health care facilities in
areas that have reported outbreaks caused by the 2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It is intended for public health and
infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, health
care managers, health care workers and community health
workers. It will be revised as more data become available.
With the current information available, it is suggested that the
route of human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV is
either via respiratory droplets or contact. Any person who is
in close contact (within 1 meter) with someone who has
respiratory symptoms (e.g., sneezing, coughing, etc.) is at risk
of being exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets.
Medical masks are surgical or procedure masks that are flat
or pleated (some are like cups); they are affixed to the head
with strapsa
.
General Advice
Wearing a medical mask is one of the prevention measures to
limit spread of certain respiratory diseases, including 2019-
nCoV, in affected areas. However, the use of a mask alone
is insufficient to provide the adequate level of protection and
other equally relevant measures should be adopted. If masks
are to be used, this measure must be combined with hand
hygiene and other IPC measures to prevent the human-to-
human transmission of 2019-nCov. WHO has developed
guidance for home careb
and health care settingsc
on infection
prevention and control (IPC) strategies for use when infection
with 2019-nCoV is suspected.
Wearing medical masks when not indicated may cause
unnecessary cost, procurement burden and create a false
sense of security that can lead to neglecting other essential
measures such as hand hygiene practices. Furthermore, using
a mask incorrectly may hamper its effectiveness to reduce the
risk of transmission.
a
Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-
prone acute respiratory infections in health care. World Health
Organization. (2014). Available
at https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/174652
b
Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV)
infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of
contacts. Available at https://www.who.int/publications-
detail/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-novel-coronavirus-
Community setting
Individuals without respiratory symptoms should:
- avoid agglomerations and frequency of closed crowded
spaces;
- maintain distance of at least 1 meter from any individual
with 2019-nCoV respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing,
sneezing);
- perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based
hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water
when hands are visibly soiled;
- if coughing or sneezing cover nose and mouth with
flexed elbow or paper tissue, dispose of tissue
immediately after use and perform hand hygiene;
- refrain from touching mouth and nose;
- a medical mask is not required, as no evidence is
available on its usefulness to protect non-sick persons.
However, masks might be worn in some countries
according to local cultural habits. If masks are used, best
practices should be followed on how to wear, remove,
and dispose of them and on hand hygiene action after
removal (see below advice regarding appropriate mask
management).
Individuals with respiratory symptoms should:
- wear a medical mask and seek medical care if
experiencing fever, cough and difficulty breathing, as
soon as possible or in accordance with to local protocols;
- follow the below advice regarding appropriate mask
management.
Home Care
In view of the currently available data on the disease and its
transmission, WHO recommends that suspected cases of
2019-nCoV infection be cared for using isolation precautions
and monitored in a hospital setting. This would ensure both
safety and quality of health care (in case patients’ symptoms
worsen) and public health security.
(ncov)-infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-
management-of-contacts
c
Infection prevention and control during health care when novel
coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Available at
https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infection-prevention-and-
control-during-health-care-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-
infection-is-suspected-20200125