Which is the correct answer Consider the characteristics of moss an.pdf

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Which is the correct answer? Consider the characteristics of moss and fern life cycles. Which of the following sets of statements is true? The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns moisture is reach for spent to reach the egg. In moses, the gametophyte is the dominant state of the life cycle, if ferns, the sprophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and fens, moisture is required for sperm to reach to egg. Solution 5. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle, in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for the sperm to reach the egg..

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Altrenation of generations: All plants undergo a life cycle that takes them through both haploid and diploid generations. The multicellular diploid plant structure is called the sporophyte, which produces spores through meiotic (asexual) division. The multicellular haploid plant structure is called the gametophyte, which is formed from the spore and give rise to the haploid gametes. The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants is called the alternation of generations. Bryophyte generations Bryophytes are nonvascularized plants that are still dependent on a moist environment for survival (see Plant Classification, Bryophytes . Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues. Tracheophyte Generations Tracheophytes are plants that contain vascular tissue; two of the major classes of tracheophytes are gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Tracheophytes, unlike bryophytes, have developed seeds that encase and protect their embryos. The dominant phase in the tracheophyte life cycle is the diploid (sporophyte) stage. The gametophytes are very small and cannot exist independent of the parent plant. The reproductive structures of the sporophyte (cones in gymnosperms and flowers in angiosperms), produce two different kinds of haploid spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). This phenomenon of sexually differentiated spores is called heterospory. These spores give rise to similarly sexually differentiated gametophytes, which in turn produce gametes. Fertilization occurs when a male and female gamete join to form a zygote. The resulting embryo, encased in a seed coating, will eventually become a new sporophyte.

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1-They have terrestrial adaptation and dominant sporophytic phase. 2-ovule is produced, but but it is not enclosed within ovary wall. 3- all are heterosporous(producing mega and microspores).microspore termed pollen grains make direct contact with the ovules . microgametophytes develops within the pollenwall)i.e endosporic) and without male sex organ, antheridium. megaspors bears megagametophyte which contain multicellular female sex organ (archegonium). 4-they dont require water for sperm to swim in to reach the egg, all gymnosperm have non flagellated sperms. 5-no double fertilization to produce endosperm . the endosperm nutritive tissue is haploid. 1-Dominant sporophytic phase. 2-ovule develops within ovary of a carpel, and enclosed by ovary wall. 3-All are heterosporous(producing mega and microspores).micro or male gametophytes develops within microspore (pollengrain) and without antheridium.megaspore bear mega or female gametophyes and without archegonium. the gametophytes of angiosperms are much reduced in size and cell number. the mature microgametophytes within the pollen grain consist of only three cells, and the mature megagametophytes within the ovule , in most angiosperm. consists of only seven to eight nuclei. 4-pollination is indirect in which pollen falls on the stigma of the carpel rather than directly on the ovules . 5-double fertilization occurs , to produce embryo as well as endosperm . the endosperm, nutritive tissue for the future embryo , is not haploid but triploid and forms after fertilization.gymnospermsAngiosperm 1-They have terrestrial adaptation and dominant sporophytic phase. 2-ovule is produced, but but it is not enclosed within ovary wall. 3- all are heterosporous(producing mega and microspores).microspore termed pollen grains make direct contact with the ovules . microgametophytes develops within the pollenwall)i.e endosporic) and without male sex organ, antheridium. megaspors bears megagametophyte which contain multicellular female sex organ (archegonium). 4-they dont require water for sperm to swim in to reach the egg, all gymnosperm have non flagellated sperms. 5-no double fertilization to produce endosperm . the endosperm nutritive tissue is haploid. 1-Dominant sporophytic phase. 2-ovule develops within ovary of a carpel, and enclosed by ovary wall. 3-All are heterosporous(producing mega and microspores).micro or male gametophytes develops within microspore (pollengrain) and without antheridium.megaspore bear mega or female gametophyes and without archegonium. the gametophytes of angiosperms are much reduced in size and cell number. the mature microgametophytes within the pollen grain consist of only three cells, and the mature megagametophytes within the ovule , in most angiosperm. consists of only seven to eight nuclei. 4-pollination is indirect in which pollen falls on the stigma of the carpel rather than directly on the ovules . 5-double fertilization occurs , to produce embryo as well as endosperm . th.

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What is the difference between a dinoflagellate and a Stramenopile? What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? What are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? What is the difference between a dinoflagellate and a Stramenopile? What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? What are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? What is the difference between a dinoflagellate and a Stramenopile? What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? What are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? Solution 1. Difference between Dinoflagellate and heterokont Dinoflagellate : 2. Most are marine plankton, but they are common in freshwater habitats, as well. 3. Dinoflagellates are considered to be protists, with their own division, Dinoflagellata 4. Dinoflagellates are unicellular and possess two dissimilar flagella arising from the ventral cell side. Heterokont 2. What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? The character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera is “amoeboids with complex shells” 3. How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? Haploid life history of Rhizopus (Asexual Reproduction) Once the zygote undergoes meiosis, germination occurs forming mycelia and sporangia with opposite mating strains, (+) and (-). The sproangia produces mitospores which through mitosis developes into gametangia, or sex organs. When the gametangia fuse, syngamy occurs and produces a zygote (2n). The zygote then goes through meiosis to form new 1n spores and the life cycle repeats. Diploid life history of Rhizopus (Sexual Reproduction) The zygospores are the only diploid phase. The zygospore forms from two special haploid hyphae of opposite mating types that touch due to hormones and being in close proximity of each other. The two cytoplasms intermingle, also known as plasmogamy. As this occurs the nuclei of both parents enter the conjunction, causing the resting spore to develop. Karyogamy is the term used to describe the fusion of the two nuclei. After the zygospore has fully formed, meiosis occurs and haploid spores are formed and dispersed. The zygospore can become dormant for severalmonths at a time. Meiosis still occurs and a sporangium similar to the asexually produced sporangium is created when the zygospore finally cracks open. 4. W`hat are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? Sexual reproduction in the fungi consists of three sequential stages Plasmogamy Karyogamy Meiosis.

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In Drosophila, gray body color is dominant to ebony body color, while long wings are dominant to vestigial wings. Assuming that the P_1 individuals are homozygous, work the following crosses through the F_2 generation, and determine the phenotypic each generation. Enter your answers in fraction form (ex: 1/4) in the blanks provided by the list of phenotypes: gray, long gray, vestigial ebony, long ebony, vestigial Solution In Drosophila, gray color is dominant to ebony body color, while long wings are dominant to vestigial wings. Assuming that the P1 individuals are homozygous, work the following crosses through the F2 generation, and determine the phenotypic ratios for each generation E = gray; e = ebony V = long; v = vestigial It is a dihybrid cross, in which phenotypic ratio should be 9:3:3:1 P1: ----> EEVV (homozygous dominant) *eevv (homozygous recessive) F1 generation offspring are all are EeVv representing ---> heterozygous for both traits (genotype and dominant phenotypes); therefore, all gray body & and long wings can be seen as phenotypic appearance. P1 dihybrid cross: Punnet square * ev ev ev ev EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv F2 –generation -dihybrid cross: * EV Ev eV ev EV EVEV EVEv EVeV EVeV Ev EEVv EEvv EeVv Eevv eV EeVV EeVv eeVV eeVv ev EVev Evev eVev evev Genotypic ratios ----> 1/16 EEVV; 1/8 EEVvl; 1/16 EEVV; 1/8 EeVV; 1/4 EeVv; 1/8 Eevv; 1/16 eeVV ;1/18 eeVv; 1/16 eevv Phenotypic ratio ----> 9/16 gray body and long wings 3/16 gray body and vestigial wings 3/16 ebony body and long wings 1/16 ebony, vestigial Staphylococcus aureus.

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G and g are dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, for a gene. If a mating of a gg female with a Gg male resulted in offspring that all have the recessive phenotype, this would most likely be an example of Solution Answer: Maternal inheritance The mitochon dria, like the chloroplasts, are self-replicating organelles which contain their own genes and have a limited number of characters which are independent of the nucleus. They are transmitted mainly through the female line and mutations in their genes show the same pattern or maternal inheritance..

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Egineering Ethics: Planned obsolescence is the practice of producing goods designed to be replaced, either because the goods \"go out of style\", or because the goods are designed to fail, are designed to self-destruct, there is a lack of replacement parts, are made of less durable materials than are readily available, etc. Give an example of planned obsolescence in engineering. Then, argue that planned obsolescence is either morally acceptable or morally unacceptable. (You can use one the normative or metaethical theories we\'ve discussed to support your position. You can also appeal to the arguments of Plato, Micheal Davis, George Harris, Harry Frankfurt, or the like to support your position.) Solution planned obsolence is a process of launching a product in the market with a limited life with an ability to increase demand for its future version. The process have two different aspects in effecting the environment. 1) Planned obsolescene by innovation firms lets take an example of evolution of soft storage devices. the floppy disc to storage SD card. we can observe that the during all these years the storage capacity is increased and the material used is decreased. such types of evolution in the engineering are helpful to the humans as well as environment. 2: By production firms: there are many producers to make more money introduce products which are non -repaire able or the parts with very low life. in such firms the updated product is launched with a periodic intervel so that the competition in the market goes down. ethically it is wrong because the consumer is being cheated. Taiwo K. Aladeojebi in his Journal have discussed where the customers are being fooled by the producers. due to non-repaire abilty of the product the wastage in the country increases due to which the environment is being spoiled..

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