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1. DIVERSITY IN LIVINGDIVERSITY IN LIVING
ORGANISMSORGANISMS

2. CONTENT ANALYSISCONTENT ANALYSIS
 MONERAMONERA
 PROTISTAPROTISTA
 FUNGIFUNGI
 THALLOPHYTATHALLOPHYTA
 BRYOPHYTABRYOPHYTA
 PTERIDOPHYTAPTERIDOPHYTA
 GYMNOSPERMSGYMNOSPERMS
 ANGIOSPERMSANGIOSPERMS

3.  These are multi cellular eukaryotes withThese are multi cellular eukaryotes with
cell walls. They are autotrophs and usecell walls. They are autotrophs and use
Chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Thus, allChlorophyll for photosynthesis. Thus, all
 plants are included in this group. Sinceplants are included in this group. Since
plants and animals are most visible formsplants and animals are most visible forms
of the diversity of life around us, we willof the diversity of life around us, we will
looklook
 at the subgroups in this category laterat the subgroups in this category later
PLANTAEPLANTAE

4. MONERAMONERA

5. MONERAMONERA
 These organisms do not have a defined nucleus orThese organisms do not have a defined nucleus or
organelles, nor do any of them show multi-cellular bodyorganelles, nor do any of them show multi-cellular body
designs. On the other hand, they show diversity baseddesigns. On the other hand, they show diversity based
on many other characteristics. Some of them have cellon many other characteristics. Some of them have cell
walls while some do not. Of course, having or not havingwalls while some do not. Of course, having or not having
a cell wall has very different effects on body design herea cell wall has very different effects on body design here
from having or not having a cell wall in multi cellularfrom having or not having a cell wall in multi cellular
organisms. The mode of nutrition of organisms in thisorganisms. The mode of nutrition of organisms in this
group can be either by synthesising their own foodgroup can be either by synthesising their own food
(autotrophic) or getting it from the(autotrophic) or getting it from the
environment(heterotrophic). This group includesenvironment(heterotrophic). This group includes
bacteria,bacteria,
 blue-green algae or cyano bacteria, and mycoplasmablue-green algae or cyano bacteria, and mycoplasma
Q.1Q.1Q.2Q.2

6.  This group includes many kinds ofThis group includes many kinds of
unicellular eukaryotic organisms. Some ofunicellular eukaryotic organisms. Some of
these organisms use appendages, suchthese organisms use appendages, such
as hair-like cilia or whip-like flagella foras hair-like cilia or whip-like flagella for
moving around. Their mode of nutritionmoving around. Their mode of nutrition
can be auto trophic or heterotrophic.can be auto trophic or heterotrophic.
Examples are unicellular algae , diatomsExamples are unicellular algae , diatoms
and protozoansand protozoans
PROTISTAPROTISTA

7. FUNGIFUNGI
 These are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms. They useThese are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms. They use
decaying organic material as food and are thereforedecaying organic material as food and are therefore
called saprophytes. Many of them have the capacity tocalled saprophytes. Many of them have the capacity to
become multicellular organisms at certain stages in theirbecome multicellular organisms at certain stages in their
lives. They have cell-walls made of a tough complexlives. They have cell-walls made of a tough complex
sugar called chitin. Examples are yeast and mushroomssugar called chitin. Examples are yeast and mushrooms
Some fungal species live in permanent mutuallySome fungal species live in permanent mutually
dependent relationships with blue green algae (ordependent relationships with blue green algae (or
cyanobacteria). Such relationships are called symbiotic.cyanobacteria). Such relationships are called symbiotic.
These symbiotic life forms are called lichens. We haveThese symbiotic life forms are called lichens. We have
all seen lichens as the slow-growing large colouredall seen lichens as the slow-growing large coloured
patches on the bark of trees.patches on the bark of trees.

8.  The first level of classification among plantsThe first level of classification among plants
depends on whether the plant body has welldepends on whether the plant body has well
differentiated, distinct components. The nextdifferentiated, distinct components. The next
level of classification is based on whether thelevel of classification is based on whether the
differentiated plant body has special tissues fordifferentiated plant body has special tissues for
the transport of water and other substancesthe transport of water and other substances
within it. Further classification looks at the abilitywithin it. Further classification looks at the ability
to bear seeds and whether the seed areto bear seeds and whether the seed are
enclosed within fruits.enclosed within fruits.
PlantaePlantae

10. THALLOPHYTATHALLOPHYTA
 Plants that do not have well-differentiatedPlants that do not have well-differentiated
body design fall in this group. The plantsbody design fall in this group. The plants
in this group are commonly called algae.in this group are commonly called algae.
These plants are predominantly aquatic.These plants are predominantly aquatic.
Examples are Spirogyra, Ulothrix,Examples are Spirogyra, Ulothrix,
Cladophora and Chara.Cladophora and Chara.

11. BRYOPHYTABRYOPHYTA
 These are called the amphibians of the plantThese are called the amphibians of the plant
kingdom. The plant body is commonlykingdom. The plant body is commonly
differentiated to form stem and leaf-likedifferentiated to form stem and leaf-like
structures. However, there is no specializedstructures. However, there is no specialized
tissue for the conduction of water and othertissue for the conduction of water and other
substances from one part of the plant body tosubstances from one part of the plant body to
another. Examples are moss (Funaria) andanother. Examples are moss (Funaria) and
 Marchantia .Marchantia .

12.  In this group, the plant body is differentiated into roots, stem andIn this group, the plant body is differentiated into roots, stem and
leaves and has specialised tissue for the conduction of water andleaves and has specialised tissue for the conduction of water and
other substances from one part of the plant body to another. Someother substances from one part of the plant body to another. Some
examples are Marsilea, ferns and horse-tails. The thallophytes, theexamples are Marsilea, ferns and horse-tails. The thallophytes, the
bryophytes and the pteridophytes have naked embryos that arebryophytes and the pteridophytes have naked embryos that are
 called spores. The reproductive organs of plants in all these threecalled spores. The reproductive organs of plants in all these three
groups are very inconspicuous, and they are therefore calledgroups are very inconspicuous, and they are therefore called
 ‘‘cryptogamae’, or ‘those with hidden reproductive organs’. On thecryptogamae’, or ‘those with hidden reproductive organs’. On the
other hand, plants with well differentiated reproductive tissues thatother hand, plants with well differentiated reproductive tissues that
 ultimately make seeds are called phanerogams. Seeds are theultimately make seeds are called phanerogams. Seeds are the
result of the reproductive process. They consist of the embryo alongresult of the reproductive process. They consist of the embryo along
with stored food, which serves for the initial growth of the embryowith stored food, which serves for the initial growth of the embryo
during germination. This group is further classified,during germination. This group is further classified,
 based on whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in fruits, givingbased on whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in fruits, giving
us two groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms.us two groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms.
PTERIDOPHYTAPTERIDOPHYTA

13. GYMNOSPERMSGYMNOSPERMS
 This term is made from two Greek words:This term is made from two Greek words:
gymno– means naked and sperma–gymno– means naked and sperma–
means seed. The plants of this group bearmeans seed. The plants of this group bear
nakednaked
 seeds and are usually perennial,seeds and are usually perennial,
evergreen and woody. Examplesevergreen and woody. Examples

14.  This word is made from two Greek words: angio meansThis word is made from two Greek words: angio means
covered and sperma– means seed. The seeds developcovered and sperma– means seed. The seeds develop
inside an organ which is modified to become a fruit. Theseinside an organ which is modified to become a fruit. These
are also called flowering plants. Plant embryos in seedsare also called flowering plants. Plant embryos in seeds
have structures called cotyledons.have structures called cotyledons.
 Cotyledons are called ‘seed leaves’ because in manyCotyledons are called ‘seed leaves’ because in many
instances they emerge and become green when the seedinstances they emerge and become green when the seed
germinates. Thus,germinates. Thus,
 cotyledons represent a bit of pre-designed plant in the seed.cotyledons represent a bit of pre-designed plant in the seed.
The angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis ofThe angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of
thethe
 number of cotyledons present in the seed. Plants with seedsnumber of cotyledons present in the seed. Plants with seeds
having a single cotyledon are called monocotyledonous orhaving a single cotyledon are called monocotyledonous or
monocots. Plants with seeds having two cotyledons aremonocots. Plants with seeds having two cotyledons are
 alled dicots.alled dicots.
ANGIOSPERMSANGIOSPERMS

15.  1)Monera organisms do not have a1)Monera organisms do not have a
defineddefined
 a) nucleus or organellesa) nucleus or organelles b)b)
nucleus or becterianucleus or becteria
 c)c) organelles or becteriaorganelles or becteria d)d)
becteriabecteria


16. Correct answer
Go to Question 2

18.  2) monera show ---------- based on many2) monera show ---------- based on many
other characterism.other characterism.
 a) diversitya) diversity b)b) bacteriabacteria
 c)c) organellesorganelles d)d) nucleusnucleus

21.  3) Fungi are which type organisms?3) Fungi are which type organisms?
 A) Heterotrophic eukaryoticA) Heterotrophic eukaryotic
B) Eukaryotic cellularB) Eukaryotic cellular
C) AspergillusC) Aspergillus
D) AgaricusD) Agaricus

24.  4) Symbiobic life are called _______4) Symbiobic life are called _______
 A) LichensA) Lichens
 B) FungiB) Fungi
 C) Blue green algaeC) Blue green algae
 D) AlgaeD) Algae

27.  5) Thallophyta plants group commonly5) Thallophyta plants group commonly
called ______called ______
 A) AlgaeA) Algae
 B) FungiB) Fungi
 C) ProtistaC) Protista
 D) MoneraD) Monera

30.  6) Bryophyta there is no specialised6) Bryophyta there is no specialised
_______ for the conduction of water and_______ for the conduction of water and
other substance.other substance.
 A) TissueA) Tissue
 B) AmphibiansB) Amphibians
 C) StemC) Stem
 D) Leaf-likeD) Leaf-like

33.  7) Example of pteridophyta.7) Example of pteridophyta.
 A) Marsilea , FernA) Marsilea , Fern
 B) Marchantia, FunariaB) Marchantia, Funaria
 C) Ulva, CharaC) Ulva, Chara
 D) CladopheraD) Cladophera

36.  8) Which group plants is bear naked8) Which group plants is bear naked
seeds?seeds?
 A) BryophytuA) Bryophytu
 B) GymnospermsB) Gymnosperms
 C) AngiospermsC) Angiosperms
 D) ThallophytaD) Thallophyta

39.  9) Which type of plant called flowering9) Which type of plant called flowering
plants?plants?
 A) BryophytuA) Bryophytu
 B) GymnospermsB) Gymnosperms
 C) AngiospermsC) Angiosperms
 D) ThallophytaD) Thallophyta

42.  10) Plants with seeds having a single10) Plants with seeds having a single
cotyledon are called --------cotyledon are called --------
 A) DicotsA) Dicots
 B) Monocotyle donousB) Monocotyle donous
 C) cotyledinsC) cotyledins
 D) coverdD) coverd