This powerpoint presentation gives knowlede about the origin, dristribution of the varieties of Wheat, along with the various uses.

1. Triticum spp.(Wheat)
By Anjali Kalia

2. Wheat

3. Family : Poaceae
• All Wheats whether wild or cultivated belong to the
genus Triticum
• Of all the wheats, T. aestivum L. is by far the most
important and widely grown food crop.
• It is the staple food of at least one-third of the world’s
population.

4. SYSTEMATICS, ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
• The wheat species fall into three distinct groups : Diploid,
Tetraploid and Hexaploid.
• The tetraploid and hexaploid wheats are believed to have
originated from ancient diploid wheats and related wild
grasses by natural hybridization, followed by chromosomal
doubling.
• Since different grassy weeds have been involved in the
evolution of the wheats, the resultant species differ not only
in the chromosomal number but also in their genetic makeup.

7. • Diploid wheats (with 14 chromosomes) is
considered to be the most ancient.
• It includes two species Wild einkorn & Cultivated
einkorn.
• Wild einkorn is probably one of the ancestors of
all the other cultivated wheats.
• Wild einkorn – NATIVE TO Middle East and
Southeastern Europe
• Einkorn domesticated in Southeast turkey and
spread to Europe from Spain to Scandinavia

8. • Tetraploid wheats (28 chromosomes), include 7 species
• Wild emmer (AABB) grows naturally in middle east and
appears to have originated as a result of natural
crossing between T. boeoticum (AA) and T.
speltoides(BB).
• Was once the largest grown of all wheats, now grown
to a limited extent in mountainous parts of Europe,
eastern turkey, Iran, Ethiopia, and USA.
• T. durum extensively grown in Italy, Spain and USA. It is
used to make macaroni, spaghetti and semolina.

9. • Hexaploid wheats (42 chromosomes),include five species.
• These are the most recently evolved and most useful.
• The most important of all hexaploidy wheats is common bread
wheat , T. aestivum L.
• Which is grown in all parts of the world from tropics to
subarctic.
• T. sphaerococcum (short wheat) and T. compactum(club wheat)
• Short wheat is endemic in central and northwestern India.

10. WHEAT VARIETY DESCRIPTION
Red Fife • The grains have a red
colouration
• Served as parental line of
many of improved types.
• Winter wheat
• Excellent milling and baking
quality
Turkey Wheat • Introduced in USA by Russian
settlers
• Winter wheat
Maquis • Crossing between Red fife
(from Poland) and Hard Red
Calcutta variety(from India)
• Stiff straw ,non-shattering
quality, drought resistance,
fine round grain etc.
Federation • Cross between Fife(for
quality), Etawah(for
earliness) and purplestraw(for
productiveness)
Sharbati Sonora • Amber colored mutant of
Sonora 64

11. Wheat can be grown on a wide range
of soils, but is best adapted to fertile
silt and clay loams with good
drainage and water holding capacity.
The wheat growing areas of India
may be divided into two main
divisions:
1. The Indo-Gangetic alluvium of UP,
Bihar, Punjab, Haryana and the
adjoining parts of Rajasthan.
2. The medium black zone of south
Rajasthan, MP, Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka

12. • It is an important
source of
carbohydrate in
human diet.

13. • Industrial uses
of wheat
include the
manufacture
of starch,
gluten,
distilled
spirits, malt,
pasta etc.
• Wheat bran is rich
in proteins, and is
a valued livestock
feed