This document provides an overview of hydraulics. It defines hydraulics as the transfer of energy using enclosed fluids and notes that hydraulics comes from the Greek words for water and pipe. It distinguishes hydraulics from pneumatics by explaining that hydraulics uses liquids as the working fluid while pneumatics uses gases, and that hydraulics operates at higher pressures while pneumatics operates at higher speeds. The document also outlines some basic parts of a hydraulic cylinder and describes hydraulic energy transfer through pressure and fluid speed.

1. What is hydraulics?
Hydraulics 101

2. What is hydraulics?
• Hydraulics – Hydraulikos
• Hydor (water) + aulos (pipe)
• Hydraulics in mechanical engineering is basically transferring
energy using enclosed fluids!

3. Hydraulics vs pneumatics?
• Hydraulics and pneumatics are “sister” sciences
• Hydraulics uses fluids in the liquid state as their “work fluid”
• Pneumatics uses fluids in the gaseous state as their “work fluid”
• Work fluid – enclosed fluid that is used for energy transfer

4. Hydraulics vs pneumatics
• Hydraulics:
1. Works on higher pressures (more force)
2. Work fluids are incompressible (nearly)
• Pneumatics:
1. Work on higher rpms (more speed)
2. Work fluid are compressible (gasses, air)
3. Work fluids are free and available everywhere (air)

5. Energy transfer
1
2

6. Pressure
A
𝐹 = 𝑝 ∙ 𝐴
• The units for pressure are:
1. The Pascal [Pa] = [1
𝑁
𝑚2]
2. Bar [bar] = [100000 Pa]
3. Pound per square inch (PSI) [1 bar = 14.5 PSI]
𝑝 =
𝐹
𝐴

7. Basic parts of a hydraulic cylinder

8. Hydraulic energy transfer
1. Hydrostatic power systems (pressure)
2. Hydrodynamic power systems (fluid speed)
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9. Thank you for listening!