This document discusses hydraulics and its applications. It defines hydraulics as the branch of science concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of mechanical force or control. It explains Pascal's law, which states that pressure is transmitted equally in all directions in an enclosed fluid, and how this principle allows hydraulics to multiply force. Common applications of hydraulics mentioned include brake systems, construction equipment, aircraft controls, elevators, dental chairs and automotive lifts.

1. HYDRAULICS
AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
PREPARED BY ARIHANT AND ANADI

2. What is Hydraulics ???
• Hydraulics is derived from the greek word
- Hydor meaning Water
- Aulos meaning Pipe

3. Hydraulics
•The branch of science and
technology concerned with
the conveyance of liquids
through pipes and channels,
especially as a source of
mechanical force or control.

4. PASCAL’S LAW
• Pascal Law – which is the basis for all hydraulic
systems, is named after the French Scientist Blaise
Pascal, who established the law.

5. Hydraulic Theory
• Pascal’s Law
• Magnitude of force transferred is in direct proportion to the surface
area (F = P*A)
• Pressure = Force/Area
• Liquid properties enable large objects (rudder, planes,
etc) to be moved smoothly

6. Hydraulic Mechanical Advantage
F2 =
F1 = 20 lbf
A1 = 2 in2
A1 = 20 in2

7. Hydraulic Theory
• Hydraulics
• Covers the physical behavior of liquids in motion
• Pressurized oil used to gain mechanical advantage and
perform work
• Important Properties
• Shapelessness
• Incompressibility
• Transmission of Force

8. Cylinder/Motor (B-end)
• Piston/cylinder used if desired motion is linear
• Hydraulic pressure moves piston & ram
• Load is connected to ram (rudder, planes, masts, periscopes)
Piston
Cylinder
RAM
Hydraulic Fluid Supply/Return Ports
Seal

9. Applications of Hydraulics
• Hydraulics is our lifeblood. We know all there is to know
about them but we mostly encounter them in heavy
machinery through the calibration, repair and installation
of rail for example
• Gasoline pumps. They make use of hydraulics to draw
the fuel from their storage tank to the vehicle.
• Cars. A hydraulic brake circuit operates a car’s brakes on
all four wheels
• Construction machines. Equipment such as cranes,
forklifts, jacks, pumps and fall arrest safety harnesses use
hydraulics to lift and lower objects.

10. Applications of Hydraulics
• Airplanes. They use hydraulic mechanisms to operate
their control panels.
• Elevators and lifts. Some types of elevators use a
hydraulic mechanism to power the elevator.
• Barber and Dentist's chairs . The pump that the barber
steps on uses a hydraulic lift mechanism to adjust the
chair’s height accordingly.
• Office chairs. Hydraulics makes it possible for the chair
to rise up or go down.

11. Thank you
Regards Arihant and Anadi