This document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth:
1. The Theory of Special Creation proposed that all life forms were directly created by God in their present form, without evolution or adaptation. It lacked experimental evidence.
2. The Theory of Panspermia suggested that life came to Earth from space, carried by meteors and dust.
3. The Theory of Spontaneous Generation was an ancient belief that living organisms could arise from non-living matter, but it was disproven by Pasteur.
4. The Theory of Biochemical Evolution, proposed by Oparin and Haldane, suggested organic compounds could form from simple gases through energy like lightning. Miller
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
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I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
Lesson 4 Not Indivisible (The Structure of the Atom)Simple ABbieC
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Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles
2. cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the understanding of the structure of the atom
3. describe the nuclear model of the atom and the location of its major components (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
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I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
Lesson 4 Not Indivisible (The Structure of the Atom)Simple ABbieC
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Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles
2. cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the understanding of the structure of the atom
3. describe the nuclear model of the atom and the location of its major components (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
TOPICS:
• THE CONCEPT OF LIFE
• WHAT QUALIFIES SOMETHING AS “LIVING”?
o MOVEMENT
o SENSITIVITY
o DEATH
o COMPLEXITY
• THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
o EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN
o PANSPERMIA
o DIVINE CREATION
o ORIGIN FROM NONLIVING MATTER (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL THEORY)
• FORMATION OF THE FIRST CELL
• EARLY LIFE FORMS
Origin of the Universe and the Solar SystemNikoPatawaran
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The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the Earth and its Subsystems (The Four Spheres).
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
TOPICS:
• THE CONCEPT OF LIFE
• WHAT QUALIFIES SOMETHING AS “LIVING”?
o MOVEMENT
o SENSITIVITY
o DEATH
o COMPLEXITY
• THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
o EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN
o PANSPERMIA
o DIVINE CREATION
o ORIGIN FROM NONLIVING MATTER (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL THEORY)
• FORMATION OF THE FIRST CELL
• EARLY LIFE FORMS
Origin of the Universe and the Solar SystemNikoPatawaran
Â
The most widely accepted theory of planetary formation, known as the nebular hypothesis, maintains that 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud which was light years across.
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the Earth and its Subsystems (The Four Spheres).
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
INTRODUCTION TO EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE QUARTER 2.pptx FINAL.pptxLCst
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Introduction to Life Science – this topic is an overview on biology. It talks about how organisms emerge and discuss different theories that can support and
Origin Of Life: Are we here by chance? Theories on origin of life, Scientific and Special Creation. Different Theories of life's origin including Aristotle's theory, Pasteur, Redi and Leuwenhook experiment, Abiogenesis, etc.
Fossils and its evolutionary significance.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
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Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.Â
 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
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As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
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Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. 1. One theory to explain the origin of life is called chemical
evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events
would need to occur first for life to evolve?
A. origin of genetic material
B. onset of photosynthesis
C. Synthesis of organic molecules
D. formation of the plasma membrane
3. 1. One theory to explain the origin of life is called chemical
evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events
would need to occur first for life to evolve?
A. origin of genetic material
B. onset of photosynthesis
C. Synthesis of organic molecules
D. formation of the plasma membrane
4. 2. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory
is widely accepted today?
A. The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture
of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
B. Organic molecules are present today in extremely high
concentrations.
C. No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.
D. Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the
atmosphere today.
5. 2. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory
is widely accepted today?
A. The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture
of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
B. Organic molecules are present today in extremely high
concentrations.
C. No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.
D. Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the
atmosphere today.
6. 3. Who among the following first discarded the theory of
spontaneous creation and gave that life originates from
pre-existing life ?
A. Stanley Miller
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Lamarck
D. Charles Darwin
7. 3. Who among the following first discarded the theory of
spontaneous creation and gave that life originates from
pre-existing life ?
A. Stanley Miller
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Lamarck
D. Charles Darwin
8. 4. Panspermia is the name given to the theory that life come
from where?
A. the ocean
B. undersea thermal vents
C. an extraterrestrial source
D. a primordial soup
9. 4. Panspermia is the name given to the theory that life come
from where?
A. the ocean
B. undersea thermal vents
C. an extraterrestrial source
D. a primordial soup
10. 5. Which theory of the origin of life proposed that all different
forms of life are created by God?
A. Theory of Panspermia
B. Theory of Special Creation
C. Theory of Biochemical Evolution
D. Theory of spontaneous generation
11. 5. Which theory of the origin of life proposed that all different
forms of life are created by God?
A. Theory of Panspermia
B. Theory of Special Creation
C. Theory of Biochemical Evolution
D. Theory of spontaneous generation
12.
13. Have you ever wondered how the first life on earth came
into existence?
15. Objectives:
1. Identify the different theories of Origin of Life.
2. Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging
pieces of evidence.
3. Appreciate the contribution of the proponents towards
their ideas about the origin of life and the importance of
life.
17. • The theory of special creation is proposed that life
on earth is created by a supernatural power, the GOD.
18. A. All living organisms were created same day
[NO DIFFERENCE IN THEIR APPEARANCE]
B. They were created in the present form
[NO EVOLUTION]
C. Their bodies and organs are fully developed to meet the
requirement to run the life
[NO ADAPTATION]
19. Comparison to other theories.:
•It was purely based on religious belief.
•There was no experimental evidences to support the
assumptions.
•The age of different fossils proves that living organism
appear on earth in different time frame.
21. •Life had come to earth from other planets of the universe,
in the form of resistant spores.
•British astronomers Fred Hoyle and Chandra
Wickramasinghe proposed:
•interstellar dust and comets contain organic
compounds.
•comets, which are largely made of water-ice,
carry bacterial life across galaxies and protect
it from radiation damage along the way.
29. Alexander Oparin (in 1924), and John Haldane (in 1929)
Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis
independently suggested that if the primitive atmosphere was
reducing (as opposed to oxygen-rich), and if there was an
appropriate supply of energy, such as lightning or ultraviolet
light, then a wide range of organic compounds might be
synthesised.
30. Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey
Miller-Urey experiment
was an experiment that simulated hypothetical conditions
present on the early Earth in order to test what kind of
environment would be needed to allow life to begin.
31. Guide Questions:
1. What was he idea of spontaneous generation?
2. How Charles Darwin explain the existence of rats, maggots, and
microbes?
32. Choose one theory that you think the most
acceptable for you. Explain why.
Editor's Notes
There are believes in the theory
of special creation. These points are as follows:
• The 2005 Deep Impact mission to Comet Tempel 1 discovered a mixture of organic and clay particles inside the comet. Credit: Hoover/Journal of Cosmology Dr. Richard B. Hoover, an astrobiologist with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center published a paper on March 4, 2011, claiming to have found fossil evidence for cyanobacteria in an extremely rare class of meteorites, called CI1 carbonaceous chondrites .
Cyanobacteria- phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only prokaryotes able to produce oxygen
Resistant spores that are very resistant to harsh conditions
Spontaneous generation and abiogenesis are a pair of theories involving the emergence of life from non-living material. The difference is that spontaneous generation is an obsolete theory of how certain forms of life commonly emerge from non-living matter, whereas abiogenesis is the ongoing study of how the first life on Earth emerged through a chain of increasingly complex organic chemical reactions, but did so only once (or a few times) before giving rise to hundreds of millions of years of subsequent, increasingly complicated life forms.
In the warm primordial ocean, aggregates of amino acids, proteins, and other hydrocarbons came together into a form called *coacervates*. Amino acids will spontaneously form coacervates in the same way that beads of vinegar in oil come together. The Miller-Ureyexperiment showed that amino acids form under conditions similar to the Earth's primordial environment.
