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1 2 what are living things
- 1. Living and Non-LivingThings Can you pick them out? 1-2 What are living things?
- 2. Ask yourself Does itneed food, air and water? Does it grow and change? Try Again!
- 3. Is a rubberduck a living or nonliving thing? Living Thing Nonliving Thing
- 4. You’re right! The rubberduck is a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 5. Is a babya living or a nonliving thing? Living Thing Nonliving Thing
- 6. You’re right! The babyis a living thing. It does need food, air and water.
- 7. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a teddy bear a living or a nonliving thing?
- 8. You’re right! The teddybear is a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 9. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a grizzly bear a living or a nonliving thing?
- 10. You’re right! The grizzlybear is a living thing. It does grow and change on it’s own.
- 11. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a flower a living or a nonliving thing?
- 12. You’re right! The floweris a living thing. It does need food, air and water.
- 13. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a desk a living or a nonliving thing?
- 14. You’re right! The deskis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 15. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a jeep a living or a nonliving thing?
- 16. You’re right! The jeepis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 17. Is a doga living or a nonliving thing? Living Thing Nonliving Thing
- 18. You’re right! The dogis a living thing. It does grow and change on it’s own.
- 19. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a cake a living or a nonliving thing?
- 20. You’re right! The cakeis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 21. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a slide a living or a nonliving thing?
- 22. You’re right! The slideis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 23. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a nurse a living or a nonliving thing?
- 24. You’re right! The nurseis a living thing. She does need food, air and water.
- 25. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a flag a living or a nonliving thing?
- 26. You’re right! The flagis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 27. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a post office a living or a nonliving thing?
- 28. You’re right! The postoffice is a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 29. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a bat a living or a nonliving thing?
- 30. You’re right! The batis a living thing. It does need food, air and water.
- 31. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a bus a living or a nonliving thing?
- 32. You’re right! The busis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 33. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a rabbit a living or a nonliving thing?
- 34. You’re right! The rabbitis a living thing. It does need food, air and water.
- 35. Living Thing NonlivingThing Is a basket a living or a nonliving thing?
- 36. You’re right! The basketis a nonliving thing. It does not need food, air or water.
- 37. You sure knowthe difference between Living and Nonliving things!
- 38. All sorts ofthings Living things Non-Living things plant animal microbe solid liquid gas Living things are called organisms!
- 39. How do youtell living things from non-living things? Biologists use six characteristics, or qualities, to classify something as a living thing. All organisms have these six characteristics.
- 40. 1，Organisms are madeup of one or more cells. 2，Organisms use energy. 3，All organisms have features that help them adapt to their surroundings. 4，Organisms react to changes in their surroundings. 5，Organisms change, or develop, during their lifetime. 6，Organisms can produce more organisms of their own kind.
- 41. 1 Organisms are madeup of one or more cells.
- 42. 1，Organisms are madeup of one or more cells. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cells often are called the building blocks of life. Smallest unit capable of all life functions. Two types of organisms are : Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms Entire organism is made up of one single cell. Bacteria and protist The organism is made up of many cells. Cells have specialized functions within the organism.
- 43.
- 44. Solar energy Leaves arenatural solar panels. Absorbing solar energy and transforming it to chemical energy which are stored in lipids, proteins etc. Plant is eaten by grasshopper is eaten by frog is eaten by bird. Stored chemical energy is transferred from the plant to the grasshopper, to the frog, to the bird, enabling each in turn to function as a living organism. Organisms use energy Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
- 45. 3 All organisms havefeatures that help them adapt to their surroundings.
- 46. 3, All organismshave features that help them adapt to their surroundings. Chameleons change color to help blend in with their environment. This protects them from predators. This curlew uses its long bill to probe for tiny organisms. These organisms are born with flippers that enable them to swim well.
- 47. 4 Organisms react tochanges in their surroundings.
- 48. Organisms react tochanges in their surroundings. Any reaction to a change is called a response. Organisms react to stimuli: Light Temperature Odor Sound Gravity Heat Water Pressure An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light.
- 49. Organisms react tochanges in their surroundings.
- 50. 5 Organisms change, ordevelop, during their lifetimes.
- 51. Organisms change, ordevelop, during their lifetimes. Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism. An example would be how a frog is conceived and born: a single cell in a fertilized egg tadpole a fully grown frog
- 52. 6 Organisms can producemore organisms of their own kind.
- 53. 5, Organisms canproduce more organisms of their own kind. Animals have babies. New plants grow from seeds. The production of new organisms allows each kind of organism to continue living on Earth. Offspring inherit traits from their parent’s.
- 54. 1，Organisms are madeup of one or more cells. 2，Organisms use energy. 3，All organisms have features that help them adapt to their surroundings. 4，Organisms react to changes in their surroundings. 5，Organisms change, or develop, during their lifetime. 6，Organisms can produce more organisms of their own kind.
- 55. Everything is madeup of matter. Matter is any substance that has mass.
- 56. Everything is madeup of matter
- 57. What are elementsand compounds? Elements are substances which can not be broken down into simpler substances. Hydrogen and oxygen. Formed by one kind of atom. Atom is the smallest part of an element. Most organisms are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, but the percentages are different.
- 58. What are elementsand compounds? A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. Most compounds found in living things are called organic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon.
- 59. Organic compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Organisms use carbohydrates for energy. Sugars and starches are types of carbohydrates. Made up mostly of carbon and hydrogen. Organisms use lipids to store energy. Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins help organisms repair their bodies. A combination of sugars, nitrogen, and other elements. Nucleic acids contain important genetic information about the organism.
- 60. Exercises Q1: What isan organism? A1: a living thing Q2: What is the source of energy for most living things? A2: the sun Q3: What are four elements found in most organisms? A3: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus etc. Q4: What kind of information do you think nucleic acids contain about an organism? A4: information about how an organism is supposed to grow and develop.
- 61.
Editor's Notes
- #38 You sure know the difference between Living and Nonliving things!
- #39 All sorts of things can be divided into living things and non-living things. Plant, animal and microbe are living things. Solid, liquid and gas are non-living things. All the living things are called organisms!
- #40 Can I ask you how you tell living things from non-living things? Biologists use six characteristics, or qualities, to classify something as a living thing. All organisms have these six characteristics.
- #41 The six characteristics of organisms are: 1，Organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2，Organisms use energy. 3，All organisms have features that help them adapt to their surroundings. 4，Organisms react to changes in their surroundings. 5，Organisms change, or develop, during their lifetime. 6，Organisms can produce more organisms of their own kind.
- #42 Number 1， organisms are made up of one or more cells.
- #43 A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cells often are called the building blocks of life. Just like the bricks for building a house. Cells are smallest unit capable of all life functions. Most reactions take place in cells, so we can carry out these life processes. And just let you know there are two types of organisms, and they are unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms. The entire unicellular organism is made up of one single cell, such as bacteria and protist. The multicellular organisms are made up of many cells. And cells have specialized functions within the organism. Like cells in your brain and cells in your heart, they may have some different functions. vascular bundle维管束 mesophyll cell ['mesə(ʊ)fɪl]叶肉细胞 paramecium 报错英 [,pærə'miːsɪəm] 美 [,pærə'misɪəm] n. [无脊椎] 草履虫，草履虫属 vascular bundle [植] 维管束
- #44 2, Organisms use energy.
- #45 Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Plants absorb solar energy and transforming it to chemical energy which are stored in lipids, proteins etc. Then the grassshopper eats plant, the frog eats grassshopper, then the bird eats the grog. So stored chemical energy is transferred from the plant to the grasshopper, to the frog, to the bird, enabling each in turn to function as a living organism.
- #46 3, All organisms have features that help them adapt to their surroundings.
- #47 You may wonder why some animals or plants are so funny looking. Why they are so good at hiding or running. That’s because they need these features to help them adapt to their surroundings. Chameleons change color to help blend in with their environment. This protects them from predators. This curlew uses its long bill to probe for tiny organisms. These organisms are born with flippers that enable them to swim well. chameleon [kə'miːlɪən] n. 变色龙；善变的人；轻浮的人 curlew [‘kɜːl(j)uː] n. 麻鹬（一种鸟） sea dog n. 海豹；老练的水手
- #48 4, Organisms react to changes in their surroundings.
- #49 Organisms can react to diverse stimuli, such as light, temperature, odor, sound, gravity, heat, water and pressure. An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light. You can find that if you put a plant by your window， then after a period of time, like a week, the plant would produce a bending towards the light source. Any reaction to a change is called a response. Here I got a video for you, and you will see what the responses are when people eat a sour candy. phototropism [,fəʊtə(ʊ)‘trəʊpɪz(ə)m; fəʊ’tɒtrə,pɪz(ə)m] n. [生物] 向光性；[物] 趋光性
- #50 So when people taste the sour candy, they would salivate, and they will wanna take out the candy, and they will make these faces.
- #51 5, Organisms change, or develop, during their lifetimes.
- #52 Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism. An example would be how a frog is conceived and born. A frog begins as a single cell in a fertilized egg and then grows into a tadpole and eventually into a fully grown frog. Human also begins as a a single cell in a fertilized egg, then we become a baby, then grow into a teenage, a lady and an elderly lady. Plants begins as seeds, then they grow into seedlings, and finally they become fully developed plants.
- #53 5, Organisms can produce more organisms of their own kind.
- #54 Animals have babies. New plants grow from seeds.
- #55 So now you’ve known the six characteristics of living things. But do you know what everything around you have in common?
- #56 Everything is made up of matter. Matter is any substance that has mass. We have three states of matter. They are solids, liquids and gases.
- #57 Atoms and molecules make up all matter. All matter exists as substances and mixtures. Substances might be element and compound. Mixture may be homogeneous and heterogeneous. Element cannot be separated into simpler substances. Compound is formed by a union of two or more elements. homogeneous is all of the same or similar kind or nature. Heterogeneous isn’t all of the same or similar kind or nature.
- #58 Elements are substances which can not be broken down into simpler substances. It is made entirely from one type of atom, such as hydrogen and oxygen. Atom is the smallest part of an element. Actually the earth’s crust and human body almost have the same elements, such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, but the percentage is different. And many organisms contains different percentages of these elements.
- #59 A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. Most compounds found in living things are called organic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon. What kind of organic compounds do we have inside bodies?
- #60 They are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Organisms use carbohydrates for energy. Sugars and starches are types of carbohydrates. Lipids are made up mostly of carbon and hydrogen. Organisms use lipids to store energy. Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins help organisms repair their bodies. nucleic acids are a combination of sugars, nitrogen, and other elements. Nucleic acids contain important genetic information about the organism.