What would happen to a strain of Listeria mono cytogeneses that had a frame shift mutation in the gene encoding Listeria lysine O? Solution Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium containing the gene Lysteria lysin O (LLO). Listeriolysin O is a hemolysin, a toxin which is bacteria\'s virulence factor. This is crucial for the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Listeriolysin O is a non-enzymatic, pore-forming toxin protein which has cytolytic properties and is activated in presence of reducing agents. It enables the pathogen to escape from phagosomes into the cytosol of infected cells, without damaging the plasma membrane. Thus bacteria manage to thrive intracellularly and remains protected from extracellular immune system. A frameshift mutation (addition or deletion of base pairs in the DNA which shifts the natural reading frames during transcription process) in LLO gene of this pathogen may result in inability to produce toxin. This can cause the L. monocytogenes loose its virulence activity..