Slides from a webinar presented by Dr Laura Sbaffi, University of Sheffield Information School, on 30th October 2018 to celebrate Global Media and Information Literacy Week. The webinar recording is at https://sheffield.adobeconnect.com/pwy4m50tbl8r
Government stands to benefit greatly by incorporating social media tools. However, it needs to think about the strategy it will employ to be impactful.
Account Recovery is Hard• Forgot your password” there’s many w.docxdaniahendric
Account Recovery is Hard
• “Forgot your password?” there’s many ways to get back into account – Most are substantially less secure than a half-decent password – Most are always accessible to attackers • Goal: account access, not password recovery! – Who cares about the old password? – Password recovery implies cleartext storage • Many technical choices – Email, social authentication, knowledge based (secret questions, public records, etc)
Email Alternate Authentication
• Email a new password or access token – “Obviously” you can’t mail them old password • Threats – Information disclosure (eavesdroppping, attacker access to email) – Denial of service (customer no longer has access to the email)
Knowledge Based Authentication (KBA) • “What’s your password” is one end of the spectrum – Ideally, known only to you and customer – Unfortunately, often shared or forgotten • Leading to – Secret Questions – Public records (aka “out of wallet”) – Data only you should know (“Tell us how much we just deposited into your account.”)
Issues with KBA
• Security – “What color are your eyes” has few answers – Names are differently popular (Mike vs Lawrence) – Mothers maiden names on genealogy websites – Et Cetera • Usability – Applicability – not everyone has a first pet – Memorability (was Ms Robinson 1st or 2nd grade?) – Repeatability (Main Street vs Main St)
Social Authentication
• Passive: Identify these pictures of your friends – Easy for you, hard for an attacker (we hope) – Threats: friends with pictures of their pets, pictures with name badges • Active – Account trustees can help you get back in – Takes longer – You may no longer trust your trustees
Names
• Get tricky for computers – Which Tom Jones? – “mom” • Real names don’t help you with security – People are still jerks – Policing risks offense • Secure, human meaningful, decentralized: pick two
Meaningful ID
• Calls to mind the right person for the user • Requires knowing the person • The person that “mom” calls to mind is different for each us us, and that’s ok • Must be presented in a way that’s hard to spoof • ID documents are opposite of meaningful ID
Social Security Numbers
• Used as identifiers and authenticators – This is an awful pattern – An authenticator known to many parties and not subject to change is a bad pattern • Bad as a database key • Not everyone has one • These problems generalize to other identification schemes
Identity Theft
• Often just another name for fraud by an impersonator • Sometimes much worse – Database records intermingled and confused – “The computer is always right” – Reputational damage • Be careful linking data from various sources • Be careful when you correct data not to allow another source to override it – If Alice proves she’s not a deadbeat, don’t mark her as one based on the previous (bad) source
Questions, Feedback, & Relevant Resources to Help Complete Week 4 Tasks
Just as it has been with the previous weeks, the Objectives for Week 4 Topic: “Building ...
Each day dawns with a new digital platform, app, or data provider courting you for your scarce dollars and attention. To be successful at digital content and marketing, publishers and brands must start with a strategy that puts people at the center of their efforts, defining the kind of relationship they will — and won’t — have with their audiences. Technologies will come and go, so we will discuss the components of a modern digital marketing strategy that will have staying power beyond the next bright shiny object.
Government stands to benefit greatly by incorporating social media tools. However, it needs to think about the strategy it will employ to be impactful.
Account Recovery is Hard• Forgot your password” there’s many w.docxdaniahendric
Account Recovery is Hard
• “Forgot your password?” there’s many ways to get back into account – Most are substantially less secure than a half-decent password – Most are always accessible to attackers • Goal: account access, not password recovery! – Who cares about the old password? – Password recovery implies cleartext storage • Many technical choices – Email, social authentication, knowledge based (secret questions, public records, etc)
Email Alternate Authentication
• Email a new password or access token – “Obviously” you can’t mail them old password • Threats – Information disclosure (eavesdroppping, attacker access to email) – Denial of service (customer no longer has access to the email)
Knowledge Based Authentication (KBA) • “What’s your password” is one end of the spectrum – Ideally, known only to you and customer – Unfortunately, often shared or forgotten • Leading to – Secret Questions – Public records (aka “out of wallet”) – Data only you should know (“Tell us how much we just deposited into your account.”)
Issues with KBA
• Security – “What color are your eyes” has few answers – Names are differently popular (Mike vs Lawrence) – Mothers maiden names on genealogy websites – Et Cetera • Usability – Applicability – not everyone has a first pet – Memorability (was Ms Robinson 1st or 2nd grade?) – Repeatability (Main Street vs Main St)
Social Authentication
• Passive: Identify these pictures of your friends – Easy for you, hard for an attacker (we hope) – Threats: friends with pictures of their pets, pictures with name badges • Active – Account trustees can help you get back in – Takes longer – You may no longer trust your trustees
Names
• Get tricky for computers – Which Tom Jones? – “mom” • Real names don’t help you with security – People are still jerks – Policing risks offense • Secure, human meaningful, decentralized: pick two
Meaningful ID
• Calls to mind the right person for the user • Requires knowing the person • The person that “mom” calls to mind is different for each us us, and that’s ok • Must be presented in a way that’s hard to spoof • ID documents are opposite of meaningful ID
Social Security Numbers
• Used as identifiers and authenticators – This is an awful pattern – An authenticator known to many parties and not subject to change is a bad pattern • Bad as a database key • Not everyone has one • These problems generalize to other identification schemes
Identity Theft
• Often just another name for fraud by an impersonator • Sometimes much worse – Database records intermingled and confused – “The computer is always right” – Reputational damage • Be careful linking data from various sources • Be careful when you correct data not to allow another source to override it – If Alice proves she’s not a deadbeat, don’t mark her as one based on the previous (bad) source
Questions, Feedback, & Relevant Resources to Help Complete Week 4 Tasks
Just as it has been with the previous weeks, the Objectives for Week 4 Topic: “Building ...
Each day dawns with a new digital platform, app, or data provider courting you for your scarce dollars and attention. To be successful at digital content and marketing, publishers and brands must start with a strategy that puts people at the center of their efforts, defining the kind of relationship they will — and won’t — have with their audiences. Technologies will come and go, so we will discuss the components of a modern digital marketing strategy that will have staying power beyond the next bright shiny object.
In this one-hour webinar, analysts Andrew Jones and Charlene Li share how insights can be gleaned from social media to: 1) Identify and better understand prospects and customers throughout the customer lifecycle, and 2) Deliver targeted, personalized messages and experiences to them across channels.
Watch the webinar on-demand at: https://www.slideshare.net/Altimeter/webinar-leveraging-social-identity-by-altimeter-group and download the full research report at: http://www.altimetergroup.com/leveraging-social-identity.
Curriculum, community, context, sustainability: A reflectionSheila Webber
Presentation given by Sheila Webber at the IFLA WLIC 2022 Satellite Conference: SET Training School: Towards a Curriculum for Social and Digital Inclusion and Lifelong Learning, Dublin, Ireland, on 29 July 2022
Libraries and Literacies in the MetaverseSheila Webber
Poster presented at the World Library and Information Conference July 2022, in Dublin, Ireland. Created by Sheila Webber (presenter in Dublin) University of Sheffield Sheffield, United Kingdom. s.webber@sheffield.ac.uk
Dr Valerie Hill, Peninsula College, Port Angeles, USA. vhilledu@gmail.com
Rossanna Barrios-Llorens, University of Puerto Rico’s Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico. rossana.barrios@upr.edu
References and further links at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VqBgEJabPMkfoYYNR-oG-RKusvHV59eqwDNf9lykPQ8/edit?usp=sharing
Abstract "In uncertain times, virtual libraries connect patrons to vital information that they may not be able to access in the physical world. They can also be sanctuaries from pandemic and war. Librarians (including the co-authors) have worked in virtual worlds for 15 years (e.g. Webber & Nahl, 2011) and the Community Virtual Library in the 3D virtual world Second Life https://communityvirtuallibrary.org/ exemplifies global connectivity, with volunteers collaborating internationally to enact diversity for information access. A current exhibit, "Social Determinants for Access to Information: Virtual World Library Exhibition" includes 3D rooms filled with resources on racial diversity, gender diversity, issues of changing literacies, digital legacy, confirmation bias, digital citizenship, and the digital divide. Visitors interact with content and share a sense of place and presence through embodiment in the metaverse, providing advantages beyond web platforms such as Zoom.
Our poster shares examples of using 3D virtual worlds for librarianship through international collaboration across learning communities. The 3D virtual library is a real space where librarians can offer services such as reference work, exhibits, workshops, conferences and discussions, and embed themselves into virtual spaces without the boundaries of physical space (e.g. Hill, 2016; Hill, 2021). "
Creating connections for enhancing collaborative and professional development...Sheila Webber
A panel presented in the Association for Information Science & Technology (ASIS&T) 24 hour Global Conference, 27 April 2022. The presenters were: Sheila Webber: Information School, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Professor Imane Hilal: School of information Sciences, Rabat, Morocco; Dr Grace Msoffe: University of Dodoma, Tanzania; Dr Sophie Rutter: Information School, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
Using theory of change to evaluate information literacy initiativesSheila Webber
Workshop by Dr Pam McKinney and Sheila Webber, Information School, University of Sheffield, 11 April 2022, at the LILAC conference in Manchester, UK. Abstract: "Theory of Change (ToC) is a participative approach to evaluating the impact of projects, programmes and initiatives. Librarians and information professionals engaged in change processes, development projects and research studies can use ToC to generate evaluation data and articulate the impact of their activities, working closely with stakeholders such as students, academic staff, teachers and other professionals. The ToC process generates new understandings of how and why project successes have been achieved, and can form the basis of justifications for current and future funding. ToC has been widely used to evaluate the success and impact of projects in a variety of sectors (often community and public sector initiatives), and in educational development (Hart, Dierks-O’Brien & Powell, 2009) including Information Literacy initiatives (McKinney, 2014; McKinney, Jones & Turkington, 2011). In the version of the ToC process used in CILASS projects, stakeholders are asked to identify the drivers for change in the current situation; the longer term impact they envisage the project will have; the intermediate outcomes that the project is expected to achieve; activities that would need to be undertaken to achieve outcomes and enabling factors and resources required to support the project (Hart, Dierks-O’Brien & Powell, 2009). Stakeholders collaboratively design a Theory of Change poster that defines key project indicators and develops a causal narrative between project activities and outcomes. A plan and evaluation framework is then developed from these indicators, and stakeholders design data collection instruments. Connell & Kubisch (1998) have identified that a good ToC should be plausible, doable and testable."
Older People in the “Post-Truth” Era: Countering Ageism by Developing Age Fri...Sheila Webber
Presentation by Sheila Webber (University of Sheffield) &
Bill Johnston (Strathclyde University)
ECIL, September 2021
References are at http://tinyurl.com/bu422pjw
Fake news: has it changed UK academic librarians’ ideas about teaching Inform...Sheila Webber
Presentation by Chris Thorpe (City, University of London, UK, chris.thorpe.1@city.ac.uk) and Sheila Webber (Information School, University of Sheffield, UK (s.webber@sheffield.ac.uk), presented at the European Conference on Information Literacy, September 2021
Using theories of change to evaluate information literacy initiatives Sheila Webber
Presented at the European Conference on Information Literacy, September 2021 by Dr Pamela McKinney and Sheila Webber
A video of this presentation is available at https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Using+Theories+of+Change+to+evaluate+Information+Literacy+initiatives/1_v1g05eav
3D Virtual Worlds for Professional Development and Lifelong LearningSheila Webber
Presentation given for MINDSETS by Sheila Webber, s.webber@sheffield.ac.uk , on 15 June 2021. References are at References https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jszFFUIPralN3B5T4z5pUpRbxdW9vL3NN7rs8Iz6RVo/edit?usp=sharing
The information worlds of non resident informal carers: stakeholder perceptionsSheila Webber
Presented by Sheila Webber and Dr Pamela McKinney at the conference Information Science Trends: Health Information Behavior, organised by the European Chapter of ASIS&T, on June 10 2020. The references are at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ilCIpu7IWsRUhtWinPNuVetlrvkDxBN_lKTaV26yWAU/edit?usp=sharing
Presentation by Sheila Webber for the Critical Approaches to Libraries Conference 2020 held online, on 13 May 2020. A version was also given for the Virtual Worlds MOOC (in Second Life) . References at https://docs.google.com/document/d/14F9sEHZ8Fq0wI5gZ1IVkPGP-I88bOcWm02D7n8Vu1cg/edit?usp=sharing
Transformational Media and Information Literacy learning for adult citizens: ...Sheila Webber
Presentation given by Sheila Webber, Information School, University of Sheffield, coauthored with Bill Johnston, Honorary Research Fellow, Strathclyde University. Presented on 29th October 2019 as part of the University of Sheffield Information School's celebration of Global Media and Information Literacy Week. A recording of the webinar (31 minutes) is here: https://eu-lti.bbcollab.com/recording/0284c699a3784b1a9da5a632291dc8d8
Media and Information Literacy: creative and critical engagement across the c...Sheila Webber
Workshop presented by Sheila Webber and Bill Johnston at the "Transforming futures: International perspectives on Research-Based Education conference, University of Adelaide, Australia, 16 July 2019.
What's my approach? Deciding on the approach to use for your researchSheila Webber
Workshop delivered by Sheila Webber and Dr Pamela McKinney, Information School, University of Sheffield, at the LILAC Conference, held in Nottingham, UK, on 25 April 2019. The references are at https://docs.google.com/document/d/10S_6ZPKLpsAIn1YaMDhZPS8HIOwFGXlz4sUDyBzxYNM/edit
Media and Information Literacy for Informed Citizens in the Digital AgeSheila Webber
These are slides from a webinar given by faculty in the University of sheffield Information School on 22 March 2019. The recording of the webinar is here https://sheffield.adobeconnect.com/pf8k3h0qn1ys
Sheila Webber chaired the session, and the panellists were: Dr Pam McKinney, Dr Sophie Rutter and Dr Laura Sbaffi
Links from the slides are here http://information-literacy.blogspot.com/2019/03/media-and-information-literacy-for.html
#AFMIL The Age-Friendly Media and Information Literate City: Combining polic...Sheila Webber
"#AFMIL The Age-Friendly Media and Information Literate City: Combining policies and strategies for ageing populations in media and information rich societies" was presented by Sheila Webber (University of Sheffield Information School) and Bill Johnston (University of Strathclyde, Honorary Research Fellow) at the Global Media and Information Literacy Week feature conference held in Kaunas, Lithuania, on 24 October 2018
What's my approach? Deciding on the approach to use for your researchSheila Webber
These are slides from a workshop given by Sheila Webber and Pamela McKinney, University of Sheffield, UK, at the European Conference on Information Literacy on September 26 2018. The objectives of the workshop were: (1) To identify key characteristics of selected qualitative and mixed-methods research approaches, and to show what kinds of research questions and problems each approach is most suited to. The research approaches covered were: action research; case study; phenomenography; ethnography; autoethnography.
(2) To enable participants to understand the issues, advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, by looking at a practice-based information literacy problem, and asking participants to identify the implications of choosing one approach or another."
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
What makes us trust online information? The perspective of health Information
1. What makes us trust
online information?
The perspective of health information
Laura Sbaffi, Information School, University of Sheffield
Global Media and
Information Literacy
Week 2018
2. What is trust?
• Not control but dependency
(acceptance of dependence on
another)
• Uncertainty about the outcome
• Trust necessarily faces risk (of failure
or damage)
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
3. Levels of trust
Personality
characteristic
↓
“I trust”
Social tie
directed from
one person to
another
↓
“I trust you”
Emergent property
of a mutual
relationship
↓
“You and I trust
each other”
Feature of a
community as a
whole
↓
“We all trust”
Adapted from: Kelton, Fleischmann & Wallace, 2008 Laura Sbaffi, 2018
4. Overview of online trust
Commerce
Banking
Health
Entertainment
News
Government
Social media
Education
…and many more…
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
6. Source features
Site domain (.com)
Discussion groups
Lack of statement
Limited scope
Mailing lists
Private sponsors/individual owners
Site domain (.gov; .edu; .org)
Discussion/support groups
Age of website
Pictures of owners
Third party accreditation
High ranking in search engine
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
7. Design features
Advertising
Complex layout
Boring layout
No navigation aids
Slow
No/poor search facilities
Obvious commercial look
Clear layout
Contact details
Authority of owner
Brand/Logo
Interactive features
External links
Pictures
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
8. Content features
Bias of information
Inappropriate
Irrelevant
Complex
Spelling errors
Sensationalist
Authority of author
Credibility
Ease of use
Content
Objectivity
Familiarity
Currency
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
9. Does trust formation evolve
with age?
1st year students
Ease of use
Content
Recommendation
Brand
3rd year students
Credibility
Usefulness
Style
Content
Ease of use
Recommendation
Brand
General population
Content/Credibility
Brand
Ease of use
Recommendation
Familiarity
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
10. …or with gender?
Females always score higher values across the three cohorts than males
and, sometimes, such differences are statistically significant…
1st year 3rd year General
population
Brand
Brand
Credibility
Ease of use
Familiarity
Content
Credibility
Ease of use
Recommendation
Usefulness
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
11. To summarise
1. The evaluation of digital information sources varies across
users, hence there is no “one-solution-to-fit-all”
2. People’s trust judgements of online health information
become more content-oriented as they progress in age (as
opposed to being more user-friendly).
4. The main factors to influence trust judgements across
different groups are Content (Credibility), Recommendation,
Ease of Use and Brand.
3. Women seem to attribute more importance to specific
factors influencing trust formation than men.
Laura Sbaffi, 2018
12. References
• Corritore CL, Kracher B and Wiedenbeck S. On-line trust: concepts, evolving themes, a
model. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 2003 58(6):737-58.
• Hargittai E, Fullerton L, Menchen-Trevino E, Thomas K. Trust online: young adults' evaluation of
web content. Int J Commun 2010 4:468-94.
• Hilligoss B, Rieh SY. Developing a unifying framework of credibility assessment: Construct,
heuristics, and interaction in context. Information Processing & Management. 2008 Jul
1;44(4):1467-84.
• Hjørland B. Methods for evaluating information sources: An annotated catalogue. Journal of
Information Science. 2012 Jun;38(3):258-68.
• Kelton K, Fleischmann KR, Wallace WA. Trust in digital information. Journal of the American
Society for Information Science and Technology. 2008 Feb 1;59(3):363-74.
• Menchen-Trevino E, Hargittai E. Young adults’ credibility assessment of Wikipedia.
Information, Communication & Society. 2011 Feb 1;14(1):24-51.
• Metzger MJ, Flanagin AJ. Credibility and trust of information in online environments: the use
of cognitive heuristics. J Pragmat 2013 59:210-20.
• Nissenbaum H. Securing Trust Online: Wisdom or Oxymoron. Boston University Law Review
2001, 81 (3):635-64.
• Rowley J, Johnson F, Sbaffi L. Students’ trust judgements in online health information seeking.
Health informatics journal. 2015 Dec;21(4):316-27.
• Sbaffi L, Rowley J. Trust and credibility in web-based health information: a review and
agenda for future research. Journal of medical Internet research. 2017 Jun;19(6).
Laura Sbaffi, 2018