Basics about computer

1. What is a
Computer?
Computer is an electronic device that is used to solve problems according
to a set of instructions given to it.
The word computer is derived from Latin word "Compute" which means "
to calculate".

2. Functionalities of
Computer
1. Perform calculations and data processing tasks efficiently
2. Enable information storage and retrieval for easy access
3. Facilitate communication and through networking capabilities

3. Components of a Computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The brain of the computer, responsible for
processing and executing instructions
Memory
Stores data and instructions for the CPU to
access and use
Input Devices
Allows users to enter data and commands
into the computer
Output Devices
Displays the processed information for the
user to see and interact with

4. Hardware
Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a
computer system. This includes the processor, memory, storage devices,
input/output devices, and other peripherals.
Hardware is the tangible, physical part of a computer that you can touch
and interact with directly.

5. Software
Software includes the programs that run on a computer, enabling its
functionality.
Two main types are application software and system software.

6. Application Software and System
Software
Application
Software
Programs designed
for specific tasks
1. Word processors
2. Spreadsheets
3. Multimedia tools
4. Accounting
software
System
Software
Manage computer
hardware and
resources
• Operating
systems
• Device drivers
• Utility programs
• Compilers
Interaction
Application software
relies on system
software
System software
enables application
software to run
Importance
Both are crucial for
computer
functionality
Allows users to
achieve tasks
efficiently

7. Computer Memory
Primary Memory
Volatile memory that stores
data and instructions during
operation.
Secondary Memory
Non-volatile storage for long-
term data and program
storage.
Memory Types
RAM, ROM, cache, and other
specialized memory
components.

8. Primary memory
Primary memory, also called main memory, is
the immediate memory used by the computer's
processor.
It stores data and instructions that the CPU
needs to access quickly.
Primary memory is volatile, meaning it loses its
contents when the power is turned off.

9. Secondary memory
Secondary memory, also known as auxiliary memory, is a type of computer memory that provides long-
term storage for data and programs.
Characteristics Description
Access speed Slower than primary memory
Capacity Larger than primary memory
Portability Data can be easily transferred to other devices
Examples Hard disk drives, solid-state drives, USB flash
drives, optical discs

10. Conclusion
Recap Key Takeaways
Summarize the main points covered
about computers, their functionalities,
components, hardware, and software.
Emphasize Importance
Highlight why understanding
computers is crucial in the modern
digital world.
Encourage Further Learning
Suggest resources for the audience to explore the topic in more depth.