What Contributed To The Rise Of Nortel

What Contributed To The Rise Of Nortel
Nortel rose to the top and was considered a giant corporation. It was considered the largest
communication company in Canada prior filing bankruptcy in 2009. In the 1990s the company
operated within the broadband and wireless communication network making its growth increasingly
high. Nortel reached its highest peak in September 2000 with its highest profit of $390 billion. The
company was thriving and the stakeholder shares value reached a whopping $200 by the 2000s
(Collins, 2011, Exhibit 1). During this rise for Nortel there were several items introduced into the
market such as cell phones and personal computers that made it easier for them to continue thriving.
In the US alone, Nortel installed over 50 million of optical cables within three years. When they
purchased the San Francisco based Bay Networks in the US for $9.1 billion in a share–for–share
deal, the company increased their growth and was considered number one in the network
community. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CEO, John Roth, was described as "a man of boldness and vision, one who would rather strike than
be stricken (Collins, 2011)." John Roth used the media to make it appear that the company was
growing faster than it actually was. He exaggerated the financial projections and reports so that
more investors would be interested and would invest.
Another factor that contributed to the rise was that the consumer's expectations were very high and
that made them want to invest more in Nortel. "The problem was with investor expectations. The
stock was priced for perfection and now the news is less than perfect (Collins, 2011)." Everyone
wanted so much for this to work out because the numbers were high because of what they were
seeing in the reports from
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The Old Constant : Human Psychology
The Old Constant: Human Psychology
According to the Efficient Market Hypothesis, competition will instantaneously cause the effects of
new information to be reflected in actual share prices. This assumption presupposes that the
participants in a market act rationally. The concept of the homo economicus has a long–standing
history in economics and is a relevant premise of efficient markets. According to the founder of
economic thought, Adam Smith, the homo economicus is human who constantly peruses self–
interest while always acting rational to reach his subjectively defined ends (Coase, 1994). At times,
psychologists joined this discussion and challenged the concept of the economic man. Among the
most prominent researchers who question the rationality in human decision making is Daniel
Kahneman. Kahneman challenged the rationality in decision making processes and is one of the
founders of behavioral economics. Behavioral economists argue that markets are not perfectly
efficient because various cognitive biases in humans (HBR, 2015). Among the most prominent
cognitive biases that influence stock prices are the Overconfidence Hypothesis and the Disposition
Effect. The Overconfidence Hypothesis describes the tendency of individual investors to trade
excessively based on a mistaken belief that they can pick winners and losers better than investment
professionals. Overconfidence is characterized by three main tendencies. First, overconfident
investors tend to overreact to

Business Financing For Small Businesses Essay
Small Business Loans
Starting a business requires capital so as to run and steer the business to profitability. There are
many sources of financing tailored to meet the needs of start–ups and small businesses. Business
financing usually varies depending on factors such as source of funds and the size and type of
business. The process of securing funds can also be problematic for most start–ups and small
business because of the unwillingness of most traditional banks to provide funds to small borrowers.
Here are some of the main non–banking financing options for startups and small businesses:
Venture capitalists – most venture capitalists are focused on specific growth industries. For this
reason, small businesses that are making money can tap into this form of financing to expand their
businesses into the next phase of growth. Besides capital financing, venture capitalist also provide
crucial business insights and leads to business owners. For example, a business owner can be
advised if the product or service he or she wants to sell will be a success or failure. Most venture
capitalist who lend money to small businesses offer short–term to mid–term borrowing of between 3
to 5 years.
Grants – startups that are keen on research can apply for grants from governments and willing
investors. However, grant recipients must meet all the laid down developmental and research goals.
In most cases, the ideas advanced by such entities must be viable to move to the next phase of

America 's Potential, And Rising Above The Gathering Storm
In 2005, the three reports entitled Innovative America, Tapping America's Potential, and Rising
Above the Gathering Storm, argue that if the U.S. does not improve its science technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education the standard of living in the U.S. may decrease
and threaten the economy and national security. The reasoning that the proponents use is that with
more innovation and technological advancements, exports will increase and benefit the economy,
but if there is no innovation this will harm the economy. The three reports, according to the
Congressional Research Service, argue that in order to prevent these issues, we must close the
academic achievement gaps in STEM, improve the quality of teachers, increase STEM labor supply,
improve on international ranking assessments, produce more STEM degrees, and increase the
number of H–1B visas issued. One of the most controversial subjects of the STEM movement is that
companies are using H1–B visas to employ foreigners at cheaper rates rather than U.S. citizens.
However, critics of the STEM movement argue that this is a strategic idea called "Brain Drain"
where the U.S. is "draining" the most talented and skilled workers from other countries in order to
gain an advantage on a global stage. In order for the U.S. to remain a leader in innovation and
STEM education, the issue of H1–B visas needs to be addressed. Critics of the STEM movement
argue that H1–B visas are a means for companies to obtain workers at

Employee Compensation And Its Impact On The Organization...
Employers are adapting to the expectations of their employees as their performance is more crucial
than ever in our competitive business environments around the globe. Research has indicated that
motivated employees will have a direct impact on the organization 's performance levels. By
assessing Goldman Sachs we will attempt to prove those conclusions. Their performance will be
assessed by various components of financial information based on the perspective that a company's
responsible for providing the most amount of money to their shareholders. Then looking into
employee compensation, benefits, and programs offered we can understand why the company has
been recognized as one of the best places to work. Depending on the results we will be able to argue
or support the claims developed by the research we have seen.
Recently employers have been doing their best to empower and satisfy their employees in an effort
to increase organizational performance. This appears to be sound logic, but can it be proved. Over
the long history of business, this has never been done before and companies have been able to
perform well and thrive, so why does this change need to occur? Golden Sachs has been a business
for a long time and has begun engaging in this practice. By assessing Goldman Sachs's performance
and their employee's opinions of the company we can determine if there is a relationship between
motivated employees and high organizational performance. "Goldman Sachs is

Cisco Systems
| Case Analysis – CISCO Systems | | | | | | 1. How have Cisco's channels evolved in the last 10 – 15
years? Why have they evolved that way? What does the future look like? Cisco is the leader in the
switches and router market. Cisco was described as a classic start–up fairy tale. Indirect sales and
distribution through resellers was responsible for the small percentage of products delivered in the
early 1990s. Cisco model was praised as a successful indirect sales and channel strategy. In 1995,
Chambers (CEO) took the helm and the company played a leading role in the internet revolution.
Market capitalization exceeded $500 billion in 2000. Cisco's sales had crossed $18 billion and it
boasted relationship with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through voice VARs? Data VARs? or both? I would recommend the distribution of VoIP products
through both voice and data VARs. Even though voice channel was considerably more consolidated
than the data channel however it is agreed that voice needed to be added to the mix of already
existing data VARs. In the data market, margins for the resellers where in the region 12%to 20% due
to the channel competition. On one hand, it makes sense to stay with existing margin structure
because the new technology delivered huge cost advantage for the end user. But the Voice VARs
were entrenched with PBX firms and it would cannibalize introducing new product line. The
maturing nature of the networking market and opportunity provided Cisco to expand their business
and needed to the keep the productivity with the existing data VARs. 4. What are your reactions to
the Pyramid model advanced in Fig.C of the case? What is the core concept of the model? Is there
an alternative evolutional model that Cisco should adop? It was a completely different strategy
adopted by Cisco when healthy profit margins on routers and switches were the norm in 1990s. This
offered value addition to the resellers and sales volume was the key which showed Cisco's intention
to improve the market share. "Gold", "Silver" or "Premier" status was awarded to the certified
resellers who would in–turn get

Adams Capital Management Case Study Essay
Case Study: Adams Capital Management 1. Adams espouses a "market first" analysis of opportunity
by looking for discontinuities. Is this substantive or window–dressing? Do the four types of
discontinuities represent applicable guidelines? Are they comprehensive, or are there other
discontinuity templates that a venture investor would find useful? 2. Analyze Structured Navigation.
Is this a valid measurement of progress in early stage investing? Could such a program ever be a
hindrance to company development? 3. How does the ACM approach affect the recruiting, training,
and management of ACM partners? 4. How should LPs of ACM view the ACM approach to
technology start–ups (i.e.: Discontinuities and Structured ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
2. Structured navigation is essentially a five process checklist system for managing investments.
ACM does this by deeply involving themselves in their portfolio companies Aspects of the
structured navigation include: * Establish a talented management team * Obtain a corporate partner
or endorsement * Gain early exposure o industry and investment banking analysts * Expand the
product line * Implement best practice The partners felt this was a valid measurement of progress in
early stage investing since early stage technology companies shared many of the same benchmarks
and needed many of the same elements to succeed. I believe the program wouldn't be a hindrance to
company development due to its flexibility in the sense that there is no specific order in which they
need to be "finished" and that the processes are positively correlated, overall increasing the
probability of success of the company. 3. The ACM approach differs from conventional venture
firms in the sense that instead of venture capitalists, partners, being key deal makers , each partner
would be recruited, trained and managed the same way most business were; where employees , in
principal, replaceable. 4. LP's of ACM would probably have a strong positive view on the ACM
approach. ACM portrays a specialised expertise in technology start ups with its discontinuities based
investing and due diligence in management through its structured

Cisco Systems Managing the Go to Market Evolution
Cisco Systems
Managing The Go To Market Evolution
Cisco Systems
Managing The Go To Market Evolution
Analysis
Company background (Cisco Systems):
Cisco Systems is a world leading company in the switches and router market. Established in 1984
by a Stanford University couple, IT administrators Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. Ina short period
after founding, it became one of the most successful companies in high technology industry. In
Cisco, manufacturing of its switches and router was outsourced, the company focused on core
competencies: product design and development. Indirect sales and distribution through resellers
became the major sales channel in the end of 1990's; its "Value–Added Reseller" (VAR) was the
most successful indirect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cisco Systems accomplished its management functions by integrating its networked system with
hiring practices– many of the company's skilled and talented employees, most of whom have a high
level of education required for the specialized field of networking, are garnered from the internet.
Cisco's primary issue faced in the case is how to sustain change after the so–called bursting of the
tech bubble or the stock market bubble, and how to revamp its route to market strategy. To expand
its market in the face of dynamic competitors like IBM and Apple, Cisco faced a situation in which
it must expand market channels. Because of its' technology, Consumers are increasingly well
informed, with the advent of internet technology which allows them to gather a great deal of
information before making the choice to "hire" one product/service or another, according to their
needs. Successful companies are increasingly turning to marketing to find niches spaces in the
consumer consciousness in an effort to increase customer reaction by treating them as individuals
with specific sets of needs. Company websites may offer specialized services that cover a wide
range of possible targets in an effort to induce these more empowered customers to find value,
displaying the loyalty that stems from satisfaction. The relationship between the consumer and the
business is no longer necessarily determined entirely by the politics and media in this

Benefits Of Airline And Airport Privatization
1. Introduction
The airline industry is governed by a rapidly evolving framework of economic regulation by which
many factors, significantly continued liberalisation and open skies, have caused much turbulence
and uncertainty in this increasingly low margin market.
Although separate entities, airlines and airports are interdependent and could not operate without the
other. A major consequence of deregulation is airline concentration and strong economic drivers are
pushing towards even further concentration and consolidation (Doganis, 2006). UK airport
regulation was reformed with airport privatisation, enabling a long term focus to meet international
demand and to maintain a customer focused business plan, allowing management to monitor and
adjust costs and boost income.
The aim of this report is to examine these consequences, and the benefits of airline and airport
mergers and acquisitions, and will look specifically at the acquisition of Monarch Airlines by
Jet2.com (known as Jet2(b) later in this report). It will also look at similar acquisition benefits of
Leeds Bradford Airport (LBA) by Heathrow Airport Holdings Ltd (HAH).
2. Overview of Airlines
2.1 Jet2.com
Founded in 2003, Jet2.com Ltd is part of the Dart Group Plc and is the fourth largest leisure airline
in the UK, serving the North and is based at Leeds Bradford International Airport. Flying to over
fifty sun, sea and ski destinations across Europe and beyond, passenger numbers have rapidly
increased to 5.9m in

The Pros And Cons Of H-1B Visas
In recent years, much has changed in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) fields. Three reports, Rising above the Gathering Storm, Innovative America, and Tapping
America's Potential, argue that if Americans do not improve in the STEM field our economy will
suffer, our exports will be affected and taking away H–1B visas will heavily impact America. The
three reports write about using more innovation and technology, if we do this then our economy will
be stable. The proponents argue that we need to close achievement gaps, improve the quality of
teachers, increase labor supply, improve our international ranking, and issue more H–1B visas. The
proponents say that America should issue more H–1B visas because it is helping our economy but,
critics say we shouldn't issue more. Workers in the STEM field think that their employers are
replacing them because the H–1B foreign workers are cheaper. Although, critics argue that the H–
1B visas are taking American jobs and giving them out to foreigners so, America can be ahead. But,
for the US to be ahead in innovation and STEM education, we need to issue more H–1B visas. Right
now, students here on visas are graduating with degrees in STEM and because of this our economy
is stable. The critics argue that these H–1B visas are popular because companies want to obtain
workers at a lower cost than American workers. Ron Hira, the writer of The H–1B and L–1 Visa
Programs: Out of Control," writes about how H–1B workers

Amazon 's Largest Online Bookstore Amazon.com Essay
Jeff Bezos is the CEO and founder of the world 's largest online bookstore Amazon.com; In August
2013, Bezos spent 250 million US dollars on behalf of the individual acquisition of "Washington
Post". Bezos will use the private identity, rather than through the Amazon to complete the
transaction. In competing with other company market, the advantage of Amazon become more
obvious, Amazon was one of the cheapest online bookstore, it always on sale. Compare to other
traditional bookstore, it was more convenient by just click the product and you can get all the books,
and it has very fast service. Amazon also provides efficient, reliable back–end services to an
enormous range of customers through Amazon Web Service. In the company's initial stage, to
compete with other company, he took a year to build website and databases. At the same time,
Amazon faced many challenges, the most powerful competitors Barnes and Noble bookstore, and
this is a struggle between tradition and modernity. Amazon 's initial business plan was uncommon; it
did not assume to make profits for at least four to five years. This deliberate "slow" growth made
stockholders complain about the company not reaching profitability fast enough to rationalize
investing in it. However, when the dot–com bubble burst, destroying many e–companies in the
process, Amazon survived, and went past the bust to become a huge player in online sales. It
eventually posted its first profit in the fourth quarter of 2001: $5

Why Your Startup Name Matters
Goal: Why Your Startup Name Matters
Total Word Count in this Document: 1911
Title: Why Your Startup Name Matters
I once worked with a startup that seemed to be doing everything right, but they couldn't gain any
traction with brand recognition and interest from investors. They were active on social media, they
put themselves out there as much as possible, and they were doing everything they could to gain
visibility. When they came to me, I gave them one simple solution to fix their problems. They
needed to change their name. Fortunately, they were early enough in their lifespan that a name
change was still possible.
When they conceptualized their startup, three people were involved. All three of them felt like they
deserved to be a part of the startup's name, since they were responsible for it. As a compromise, they
combined the first part of all three of their last names into one word. The startup's name ended up
being a three–syllable word that didn't have any meaning to anyone else but them, was confusing to
spell, and impossible to remember.
Their startup was an app they developed that dealt with health and fitness. After brainstorming new
ideas, they came up with a new name that was short, related to what their app did, and was easy to
remember. After changing their name, they started to experience better brand recognition, and they
caught the interest of several investors who they had spoken to before, but couldn't remember what
they were called so they lost

Small Business Loans : Small Businesses And Star Ups Essay
Small Business Loans
When you want to start a business you need capital in order to run and steer the business to
profitability. There are many sources of financing start–up and small businesses can tap into to get
started. Financing usually varies depending on the source of financing as well as the size and type of
business you want to run. However, the process of securing funds to start a business is fraught with
many challenges. This problem has been compounded by the fact that many traditional banks have a
problem funding small businesses and star–ups. Below are main non–banking financing options for
startup businesses:
Grants – startups that are keen on research can apply for grants from governments and willing
investors. However, grant recipients must meet the laid down developmental and research goals. In
most cases, the advanced ideas must viable for commercialization.
Venture capitalists – small businesses that are already in business can tap into this form of financing
to expand their businesses into the next phase of growth. Most venture capitalists are focused on
specific growth industries; besides funding, venture capitalist also provide crucial business insights
and leads to business owners. For example, a business owner can be advised whether the product or
service he or she wants to sell will sell or flop. It is important to note that most venture capitalist
who lend money to small businesses offer short to mid–term borrowing of between 3 to 5 years.

Market Research: Consumer Goods
Consumer Goods Introduction and Purpose: What are consumer goods? Consumer goods are new
items intended for sale to consumers, and are different from capital goods. There are three major
types of consumer goods. The first is durable goods. These are meant to be used continuously or
repeatedly for over 3 years, such as appliances and cars. The second type of consumer goods is
semi–durable goods, which can be used on multiple occasions and have an expected lifespan of 1 to
3 years, such as clothing, shoes and linens. The third type of consumer goods is non–durable goods.
This are designed to be used only once, such as food and gas, but could also include goods of little
value used a few times, such as cleaning supplies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This growth is expected to continue over the next few years as new technology is a main focus. In
addition to general growth, consumer behavior has been changing. The general consumer population
now considers luxury items as necessities, and the preference is now for high–end products, which
are technologically superior. Market Research: The consumer goods sector spans thousands of
brands over hundreds of companies and over several different industries. The following research
covers three of the most recognizable names in the sector; Proctor & Gamble, PepsiCo and
Mattel. These companies are ranked first in the Processed & Packaged Goods, Personal
Products, and Toys & Games industries respectively in terms of market cap. Figure 1 Proctor
and Gamble, Household Products, NYSE: PG "P&G has built a rich heritage of touching
consumers' lives with brands that make life a little better every day." Procter & Gamble is a
producer of branded consumer products marketed domestically and internationally in 180 different
countries. Proctor & Gamble brings to market many household brands including Tide, Pringles,
Olay, Charmin and most recently Gillette just to name a few. Distribution channels include mass
merchandisers such as Wal–Mart, grocery stores, membership clubs and drug stores. Proctor &
Gamble's top 10 customers, including

Comparing The Silicon Valley And Berlin Startup Scene
A Comparison of the Silicon Valley and Berlin Startup Scene It's 12 a.m. in Berlin and the historic
cobblestone boulevards seem swathed in a vibrant atmosphere of drug–fuelled restlessness and
drunken euphoria. The thick aroma of cigarette smoke and sweat lingers in the balmy summer air as
dazed Berliners saunter side by side, their raucous voices drowned out by the steady bass beat of
nearby discotheques. For more than a decade Berlin has been synonymous with the idea of a city
that never sleeps with its concrete corridors ever shifting to the beat of its own drum. However in
the recent years, Berlin's cultural scene has begun to branch off from this history of debauchery as
inhabitants of the city have begun to innovate and modernize in ways radically different from its
conventional past. Originally Germany was a nation founded in the economic viability of perfecting
and improving the technology and services of their predecessors. For much of their economic
history, this policy has proved to be extremely cost effective, as Germany has quickly risen to the
top of the European Union with a steady and contained growth rate. However with the mounting rise
of globalization, Germany has begun to find itself at an economic crossroads of sorts, as their
methods of layered improvement on existing technologies can longer compete with the long–term
effectiveness of pure technical innovation abroad. As a result, this has led to birth of a nascent
startup culture within the heart

Major Events From 1980 : 2005 Cause An Economic Bubble
Introduction The research question in this essay is "To what extent have major events from 1980 –
2005 cause an economic bubble, in turn either appreciating or depreciating the American stock
Market?"
There are countless number of factors that cause a stock market as a whole to crash, but three main
reasons. There have been numerous financial "crashes" throughout history that date back to the
1600's when stock exchanges were first evolving with the trade economies of Europe. A crash
represents a steep, sudden decline in the value of market prices, and can often lead to and economic
depression. There are 3 main types of crashes that occur frequently in today's market, Investment
bubbles, Spooks, and HTF. An economic boom on the other hand quickly helps appreciate stock
prices, as the companies' market capitalization and earnings will go up. The most devastating
crashes are usually a result of an overly–inflated market, also known as a "bubble." Investment
bubble occur when prices of market shares are driven upwards past there actual value. A bubble is
encouraged by a "herd mentality," where people first jump on a bandwagon of a profitable stock,
and then, when the bubble bursts, they engage in panic selling. The most famous example of this
was during the 1929 American stock market crash, following the WW1. Also Stock markets can also
be "Spooked" into a decline or a catastrophic event. For example, San Francisco's massive
earthquake in 1906, played an integral role in the

Case Analysis : Nortel Case Study
NORTEL CASE STUDY
Organizations are supposed to follow ethical practices in all their operations. Failure to do this can
lead to severe effects that can affect the overall performance of the organization. Mistakes made by
the top managers, accountants and other people involved in carrying out some very delicate business
decision can lead to fall of a company as it happened to Nortel. Here are some of the aspects about
Nortel that led to its fall.
1. Nortel was one of the most prominent companies until it fell in the 1990's because of application
of bad managements strategies. At its peak, it was viewed as the fastest growing firm. Its high rise
can be attributed to its ability to be quick to the market by providing new products. It also succeeded
because of its ability to integrate acquisitions into fold in an effective manner. The rise was also
because of market capitalization that made the company to have more than 37 percent control of
Toronto stock exchange. The increased performance was great because it went to both international
and local companies. The breakup of American Telephone and Telegraph or AT&T also contributed
to the rise of the company. Its breakup created new markets for Nortel to spread its wings. The
company also rose greatly because of the expansion of the cellular market with United States having
more than a million subscribers. The increased use of personal computers by IBM and Macintosh
also led to its rise because this led to the rapid growth of

Disney's Folly
If you are looking for ways to make money, try thinking of something that you can offer to a niche
market which has not been offered before. One major problem in the world of Internet marketing is
that people are afraid to stand out and go against the grain. The truth is that most online business
websites look like one another.
Way back during the dot come boom, coming up with the next cutting edge solution was the
ultimate goal, and the actual business was secondary. The person who was most creative was the
person who would make the most money. In fact, even an amazingly novel idea was worth millions,
or even billions. Do you think I am being far fetched with this assertion? If so, visit your favorite
search engine, and type in the name "Mark Cuban". How do ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Similar to Facebook and Twitter, he was ridiculed in his early years. In fact, many business geniuses
are ridiculed prior to demonstrated success. For instance, the press doubted that Disneyland had a
chance of survival, and referred to it as "Disney's Folly". Funny huh? I wonder who got the last
laugh.
Just know that if you have an idea which goes against conventional thinking, expect people to put
that idea down. Just think back to the year 1996. You are excited because you have determined that
you are going to develop an online business in which you will give everything away for free. What
do you think would happen if you were to have shared this concept with your friends or family?
They would probably have given you their movie money and thanked you for the comedy.
The funny thing is that a company did actually develop on Internet business which was based on
giving away everything for free. This company is called Hotmail, and they gave their e–mail
platform away for free at a time where everyone else was requiring either payment, or some sort of
work or scholastic affiliation. Hotmail was first, and Hotmail was, and still is

Cisco Systems
Analysis
Company background (Cisco Systems):
Cisco Systems is a world leading company in the switches and router market. Established in 1984
by a Stanford University couple, IT administrators Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. Ina short period
after founding, it became one of the most successful companies in high technology industry. In
Cisco, manufacturing of its switches and router was outsourced, the company focused on core
competencies: product design and development. Indirect sales and distribution through resellers
became the major sales channel in the end of 1990's; its "Value–Added Reseller" (VAR) was the
most successful indirect sales channel strategy at that time. In later 1990s, Cisco had ever been the
world's most valuable company, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of its' technology, Consumers are increasingly well informed, with the advent of internet
technology which allows them to gather a great deal of information before making the choice to
"hire" one product/service or another, according to their needs. Successful companies are
increasingly turning to marketing to find niches spaces in the consumer consciousness in an effort to
increase customer reaction by treating them as individuals with specific sets of needs. Company
websites may offer specialized services that cover a wide range of possible targets in an effort to
induce these more empowered customers to find value, displaying the loyalty that stems from
satisfaction. The relationship between the consumer and the business is no longer necessarily
determined entirely by the politics and media in this new age of marketing and the internet, which
could afford to offer a sort of "one size fits all" package prior to macro–environmental reform
initiatives that made the market more competitive and therefore individualized towards people's
needs. Successful and forward–thinking companies in the digital age must now concentrate on
building profitable relationships with their customers, just as in any business.
Markets and Competitors:
As I mentioned before, Cisco was mainly competing in three big markets.
Firstly, Corporate networking gear market, including both enterprise accounts and small– and

Essay on The Key to A Successful E-commerce Site
The Key to A Successful E–commerce Site
Despite the rapid growth of E–commerce sites, 43 percent of the them fails, and the difference
between the success and the failure is consumer experience, according to Ecommercetimes.com.
The Dotcom Survival Guide reported there is still one resource left untapped that can save dotcoms
from failure. It's the one resource that historically is most ignored in favor of ads, press, and flashy
features yet it's the one resource that can lead dotcoms to survival. That resource is customers.
Customers can provide the revenues needed to attain profitability. Customers can give the word–of–
mouth marketing to drive traffic. Customers can give the feedback needed to continually improve
the website. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's important to remember that the customer experience is a strategic issue, and not just an
accumulation of tactics. In fact, it's the most strategic issue an e–business can work on. A dot–com's
strategy should be directly based on the customer experience.
Improving the customer experience can lead directly to higher revenues. On an e–commerce site,
building a great customer experience makes it quicker and easier for customers to buy, raising the
conversion rate. On high–volume e–commerce sites, raising the conversion rate by one tenth of 1%
can add as much as $10 million in incremental revenues per month. The customer experience is the
key to dot–com survival. To survive, dot–coms must improve their customer experience.
HOW TO CREATE A GOOD CONSUMER EXPERIENCE?
More and more users with minimal technical expertise are getting online, and they are demanding
simple, fast, easy–to–use e–commerce sites. The Web makes switching (to a competitor) fast, cheap,
and as easy as typing in a new URL.
To better understand the value of a good customer experience, creativegood.com has provide the 3–
M's framework.
· Medium. The Web is a constrained medium: screens are small, modems are slow, and users are
technically inexperienced. Despite all the hype about futuristic potential online, the true way to
succeeding online is to create good customer experiences that work within the constraints of the
Web.
· Marketing. The Web

Introduction : What Makes A Startup?
Introduction: What makes a startup?
Startup companies have gained enormous attention in recent years. The term startup became more
commonplace during the dot–com boom where technology businesses were founded at an
unprecedented rate. It took one of the most recognizable companies in the world, Facebook, only
eight years to go from one million to one billion users. That virtually exponential growth allowed
Facebook to truly transition from a startup to an established company.
With billion dollar companies like Apple, Walmart, AT&T and many more, why worry about volatile
startup companies? Well, virtually every company begins as a startup (exception for de–mergers).
Ergo, it is imperative that startup companies are studied and analyzed to ... Show more content on
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To systematically develop successful startup companies, the method of accelerator programs has
gained substantial attention. Accelerators focus on very–early–stage companies with the hopes with
the right guidance and resources, they will become the next Apple, Microsoft, etc. The first
accelerator program, Y Combinator, launched in 2005 in the sunny state of California. In a report
released in 2015, there are now an estimated 3,000+ programs around the world. Accelerator
programs typically offer a short–term, systematic process to jumpstart a company. While accelerator
programs may sound comparable to business school, there are key differences. Accelerators
typically last between 3–4 months and are much more selective than any business school. Y
Combinator accepted less than 3 percent of applicants in 2014. (Ballew, 2014) While business
schools have an end goal of education, accelerators have a primary goal of launching a viable
business. The cohort–based programs focus heavily on mentorship and hands–on business
validation. The culmination of the work performed during the accelerator is pitched at the end of the
program with the hopes of gaining financial backing. The majority of accelerator programs are led
by one of the following entities: businesses, educational institutions, and/or the government.
Business incubators generally take equity once the startup makes profit. Considering the recent
attention accelerator programs

Technology Industry Is Heading Toward A Bubble?
So, what are some of the signs of tech bubbles? Why are certain experts convinced the current
technology industry is heading towards a bubble? There are certain situations that could signal the
industry is inside a bubble.
IPO market saturation
First, IPO market saturation tends to be higher during a tech bubble. As mentioned above, during the
dot–com bubble, companies flogged to the stock market at alarming rates. Worryingly perhaps, the
level of IPOs is currently getting closer to the levels of the 2000.
The high IPOs don't benefit the owners or the employees of the company, but play in the hands of
the initial investors. Employees and owners typically have lock–in periods for reselling the stock.
But in a bubble situation, the stock ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marketing firm CB Insights has studies a number of technology companies and noticed the
overvaluation issue. For example, the ride hailing app Uber received a valuation of 100 times its
sales from investors. AirBnB's $25 million valuation is over 90 times its sales.
Private companies aggressively searching for fresh capital
But IPOs aren't always the only sign of a tech bubble. In fact, the argument now is there are too
many private companies being backed by private money. For example, in 2015, the number of tech
company IPOs remained low, while the number of private companies receiving over $1 billion
valuations doubled in the past 18 months.
The problem of increasing VC interest is that companies tend to take as much as they can. Since
equity is easy to obtain in the current climate, companies might end up aggressively pursuing it even
when it isn't necessary.
Funds and investors moving out of the industry
There's also the element of investors and funds beginning to move out from the tech industry. In a
way, this condition is the final sign of a tech bubble, as it often highlights the end of the bubble.
Since the bubble cycle is run by speculation and hope of future fortunes, if companies don't start
providing returns at some point, investors may disappear. Certain investment firms are openly

starting to warn about the bubble and even funds find it harder to simply throw money at technology
firms.
Inefficient business models
Finally,

The Rise Of Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley has always been a place of constant economic change. Huge booms and then sudden
busts are not only common, but they're almost predictable. It's becoming easier to observe and
evaluate past crashes and use this knowledge to predict future busts in the valley. The huge jump in
the number of tech startups recently has been attracting an increasing amount of attention from
investors who are looking for make it big. Due to this as well as other factors, these companies are
becoming overvalued, causing a tech bubble that will soon burst.
The economic history of Silicon Valley is far from smooth. The Valley has survived the outrageous
fortunes of the military industrial complex in the 70s, the silicon wafer business in the 80s, and the
personal computer in the 90s, which are all either dead, gone overseas, or now established and
boring. One of the more famous events, the dot–com boom in the late 1990s to 2000s, left many
with a feeling of helplessness for the future of the valley. The sudden growth of the internet resulted
in venture capitalists seeing record–setting growth as dot–com companies experienced abnormal
rises in their stock prices and therefore moved faster and with less caution than usual, thus resulting
in a tech bubble that burst, leaving investors floundered.
One thing is for certain, if there is one thing that Silicon Valley is good at, it's recovering from hard
times like these. It seems that no matter how hard of a fall it might take, it's able

The Dot.Com Bubble Phenomenon: The rise and fall of the...
When the internet first made an appearance in the business world, outside of government and
military use, the term dot.com was introduced. The technical term ".com" is defined as a suffix used
to describe a company that uses the internet as a primary or only marketplace for transfer of goods
and services. It was being used as a suffix to the several existing web addresses. It only took a few
months for .com websites to become the dominant form of business transaction (Simpson & Simons,
1998). The phenomenon behind this story lies in the rapid rise and fall of the dot.com companies
and the players, events, and mindsets that accompanied the bubble boom and bust (Simpson &
Simons, 1998). In 1995 Netscape was one of the first dot.com ... Show more content on
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Therefore, with the mania which swept the dotcoms came a massive amount of short term
expectations which fuelled the bubble, or the "gold rush." Overall, according to the Wall Street
Journal, expectations are considerably market–based (Wall Street Journal). With the introduction of
dot.com businesses, many rules were changed in the way global financial professionals used
indicators to foreshadow the future prosperity of companies and shares. The old–style economy
players were already trying to play the "internet game" by shifting their standard of e–commerce. An
important investigation of the Wall Street Journal found that a strong belief and faith in the dot.com
companies would be the blue–chip of the future and eventually helped spread the bubble. The old
economy rules were not applicable anymore to the Dot.com bubble situation of financial markets,
where most of the principles got lost and forgotten (White C. & Schreb, 2000). Now that the
beginning has been laid out, it is important to show how the atomic bomb of dot.com shares –
commonly referred to as a bubble – was created and ignited. There are many reasons for the initial
failure in the face of the World Wide Web. The principal reason investors were so hasty investing in
dot.coms is they thought the odds/statistics and probability were in their favor for making capital
gains on their investments. Obviously, this is why most investors choose to part with their money
but there was strong reasoning

Dotcom Research Paper
The Dotcom Bubble During the 1990s, as the Internet became available to the public and usage of it
was on the rise, new start–up companies (start–ups) within the technology industry emerged. The
Internet and technological advancements at the time enabled these companies to rapidly spread the
word about their business; people were excited. The revolutionizing start–ups, known as "Dotcom
companies," (Dotcoms) embraced the Internet as key components of their business ("Dotcom") and
experienced spectacular initial public offerings (IPOs) and rapid increases in stock prices. This
eventually led to a bubble; a bubble that burst in the early 2000s. Economics scholars Stephen G.
Cecchetti and Kermit L. Schoenholtz explain that the Nasdaq Composite Index (Nasdaq), a stock–
market index that is "composed of numerous small start–ups as well as large information technology
(IT) firms, doubled in value from September 1999 to March 2000, then fell by 70 percent over the
next year" (209). Along with the bursting bubble came financial distress that spread across the entire
economy. Because Dotcoms were prominent in the bubble, the bubble has later been called "the
Dotcom Bubble." To fully understand the Dotcom Bubble, however, one must understand how
bubbles are created, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Technology–savvy (tech–savvy) people realized the potential benefits associated with the Internet
and other high–tech innovations, as well as the paradigm shift they represented. A paradigm shift "is
a major shift in how some process is accomplished. . . [as] when new technology is introduced"
("Paradigm Shift"). The Internet allowed for new ways of engaging in commerce, as well as new
and improved means of communication. The Internet created a paradigm shift that was then the
predominant reason for a shift in investor

Startup Indi Even Diamonds Start As Coal
Startup India: Even Diamonds start as Coal Abstract: The Government of India is launching the
"Start–up India," program on January 16th, 2016 in New Delhi. The event is aimed at celebrating
the entrepreneurship body of country's youth and will be attended by CEOs and founders of top
Start–ups (over 1500) from across the country. The closing session will be addressed by the
Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi who shall formally launch the creativity
and unveil the Start–up Action Plan. A startup is a dream of almost all the youngsters in the country.
It is built with dream, innovation and hard work. Thus before you accept or reject a job offer in a
startup you will have to cross check your decision with facts. Startups are not easy to work in with
more facilities, instable financial states and makingplans but they give you the perfect environment
to learn and rise with the company. The event shall be a non–stop day long global workshop on
Start–up Entrepreneurship and shall include panel discussions on topics such as "Unleashing
Entrepreneurship and Innovation: What do Indian Startups Need to Grow and Prosper", "Celebrating
Women: Stories of Innovative Women Entrepreneurs", "How digitization will change India's future",
"Making Indian Healthcare Leapfrog" and "Financial inclusion is within reach". Key Words: Startup
India, Standup India, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Women Entrepreneurs. Introduction of Startup
India Indian Startups is a

Key Concepts And Explanations Of The Efficient Market...
Key Concepts and Explanations of the Efficient Market Hypothesis Overview Efficient Market
Hypothesis (EMH) is a theory that states that it is impossible to beat the market due to the following
reasons: Assumption that markets are efficient Investors make rational decisions Market participants
are sophisticated Investors act quickly on information as it becomes available Since prices reflect all
information there are no bargain prices. In efficient markets, prices become unpredictable and there
is no investment pattern. Therefore, those who only support the EMH do not believe behavioural
finance is necessary. Eugene Fama, known as "the father of finance", has been recognized for his
many contributions to the finance and economic world. Fama proposed the three types of efficiency:
weak, semi–strong and strong. This concept regarding efficiency is still being used today. The weak
form of efficiency assumes that all past market trading information is reflected in stock price. The
semi–strong form states that all publicly available information regarding the prospects of a firm is
reflected in the price. Lastly, strong form suggests that all information relevant to the firm, including
insider information, is reflected in stock price. Justification of the Efficient Market Hypothesis EMH
is a commonly used and is known as the foundation of financial theory. Those in support of this also
tend to focus on the random–walk hypothesis. If the market is efficient then

Amazon.Com
Amazon.com
A case report prepared for MG 495 Business Policy
INTRODUCTION
Executive Summary/ Situation
Amazon.com offers one touch shopping experience for millions of consumers around the world. You
now have the ability to conduct all your shopping needs, wants and desires ... Show more content on
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When Amazon was first established, the goal of the management team was to create an environment
that offered superior customer service and satisfaction. As time went on and they were able to see
the importance of diversifying the company to not only sell books, but to also sell hundreds of other
products in order to continue the satisfaction of the consumers. This is where the idea was formed to
create partnerships with other companies in order to sell their products on Amazon's search engine.
Using the BCG growth–share matrix you are able to see where and why certain products were a
good choice and other where a little more risky. Stars Cash Cows Dogs
Music Downloads Online book sales, Amazon on Demand Online consumer goods
2.Operations
Amazon.com knowing what needed to be done to grow the industry had to take a step back and
determine ways that would maximize company growth. They took this approach in few ways, the
first being to invest in other online companies that could benefit from the high traffic generated from
Amazon.com 's web site. (Collins, P., Mockler, R, & Gartenfeld, M, pg 6, 2003) For the
management team of Amazon this step created a bigger risk due to the fact of the stock market
crash, which caused a lot of big investors to face bankruptcy and therefore have Amazon write off
those investments. In addition to partnering with other online retailers, Amazon.com, due to its
patented

Case Analysis : Toys R Us
After a long trial, the Court found that respondent Amazon.com had broken an understanding it had
gone into with offended party ToysRUs.com LLC ("Toys R Us"), by approving outsiders to offer
toys on Amazon 's site. Finding that this rupture went to the substance of the parties ' understanding
which as seen by the Court gave that Toys R Us was to be the sole outsider toy retailer on Amazon 's
site. The Court allowed Toys R Us ' demand that the assention be ended and rejected counterclaims
attested by Amazon, demonstrating out Toys R Us ' inability to keep up levels of stock sufficient to
take care of client demand as they chose to give a window into a transaction in which the gatherings
have, contending dreams of the structure of the exchange, and settle on contractual dialect that does
not completely express those dreams, or purpose the parties ' clash. In determining this debate, the
Court chose not to build its determination in light of the exacting significance of the words
eventually acknowledged by each one side. Rather, it strove to discover their propositions in going
into this Understanding, and to offer impact to those aims. In this manner, the Court observed that it
was the parties ' proposition, under their understanding, to make Toys R Us the restrictive toy
retailer permitted to market on Amazon.com. While it found that none of the wrongs Amazon
supposedly dedicated, remaining solitary, constituted a specialized rupture of the parties '
understanding, the Court

Walmart As A Crusade For The Consumer
Walmart was founded by Same Walton in 1945. Mr. Walton was, a businessman and former J. C.
Penny employee. He purchased a branch of the Ben Franklin Stores form the the Butler Brothers.
Mr. Walton primary focus was on selling products at low prices to get higher–volume sales at a
lower profit margin. He portraying it as a crusade for the consumer. He had some setbacks, because
the lease price and branch purchase were unusually high, but he was able to find lower–cost
suppliers than those used by other stores. He passed on the savings in the product pricing. He was
able to increased sales 45 percent in his first year of ownership to $105,000 in revenue, which
increased to $140,000 the next year and $175,000 the year after that. By fifth year, his store was
generating $250,000 in revenue. When the store lease expired and unable to reach an agreement for
renewal, he opened a new store at 105 N. Main Street in Bentonville, Arkansas naming it "Walton 's
Five and Dime." That store is now the Walmart Museum. In Rogers, Arkansas on July 2, 1962, he
opened the first Walmart Discount City store at 719 W. Walnut Street. The company 's "Store #1"
was converted and relocated to a Supercenter concept is located several blocks west at 2110 W.
Walnut Street as of 2015. Within its first five years, the company expanded to 24 stores across
Arkansas and reached $12.6 million in sales. Starting in 1968, the first stores built outside of
Arkansas was in Sikeston, Missouri and

Dot-Com Crash Of 2000
CASE OF STUDY DOT–COM CRASH OF 2000 1. What is the intended role of each of the
institutions and intermediaries discussed in the case for the effective functioning of the capital
market? * Investors: Trade with proper education and information. * Investment Banks
(underwrites): provide advisory financial services, helped the companies price their offerings,
underwrite the shares, and introduce them to investors, often in the form of a road show. *
Entrepreneurs and existing companies: their like to attract saving from savers to fund their business
ideas Companies, but entrepreneurs typically have better information than savers on the value of
business investment opportunities. Secondly, communication by entrepreneurs ... Show more
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* Sell–side Analysts: they have to monitor the performance of public companies and determine
whether or not their stock are good or bad investment at any point in time. Additionally, they
provide research to buy–side before the company go to public. * Investment Bankers, Sales Force
and Trades: they have to provide their expertise in helping companies to go public and introducing
them to the investors. * Accountants, Auditors and Lawyers: Audit the financial statements of
companies and evaluate if they comply with establish standards and represent the true states of the
firms. This give to the investors and analysts the confidence to make decisions based on these
financial documents. 2. Are their incentives aligned properly with their intended role? Whose
incentives are most misaligned? No, in fact some incentives are misaligned, such as: the payment of
commission to investment banks based on the amount of money that the company managers raise in
its offering (around 7%). Additionally, the auditors because they received payment form the same
company which they are evaluating. 3. Who, if anyone, was primarily responsible for the Internet
stock bubble? Venture capitalists, because they was influenced by the ebusiness euphoria in the
market and bring public companies with questionable business models, or not yet proven themselves
operationally and

The Rise and Fall of the Dot.Com Bubble Essay
What was to ultimately turned out to be known as ‘The Internet' was developed in the 1960s
through funding by the US military so as to discover a means of making possible communication in
the event of nuclear conflict . Until the beginning of 1990s, though, the Internet was the sphere of
influence of academics as well as researchers as commercial use was proscribed. A process of
commercialization began in the late 1980s and the wider use this encouraged was to be given an
additional heightening with the emergence of the World Wide Web in the beginning of 1990s. The
progress of browsers in the early 1990s which facilitated web pages to be viewed in a graphical
format in color after that brought the benefits of the Internet to a wider ... Show more content on
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Once shareholders became drawn to stocks because everyone else was buying, realistic valuations of
stocks based on their earnings potential got crowded out by what Greenspan characterized in 1996
as ‘irrational exuberance'. This kind of bull market is typically fuelled by cheap money and lots of
debt. The low interest policy pursued by the Fed in the wake of the Asian crisis in 1997–99 induced
many investors to take out broker loans for additional stock purchases. With shares serving as
collateral for those loans, rising stock prices enhanced the borrowing capacity of investors and so
became a funding machine for the bull market. In addition, many firms took out a lot of debt to buy
back their shares and so counter the dilution of stock ownership brought about by the extensive use
of stock options as a new form of employee compensation. It is this interaction between debt and
asset inflation which turns a reasonably bullish stock market into a speculative bubble.
Such a bubble is, however, unsustainable. It will burst when the rosy expectations about future
profits underlying those sky–high stock–market valuations turn out to have been unrealistic. As
market sentiments shift and disappointed investors try to cash in their capital gains, selling waves
ensue to push stock prices rapidly lower. Pressured by high levels of indebtedness in the face of
declining asset values and mounting capital losses, investors rush to liquidate their

The Virtue Of Putting A Financial Stake On The Stocks And...
The virtue of putting a financial stake into both the stocks and exchange traded funds (ETFs) is a
sprawling and a dazzling investment decision. However, (Reiss, 2016) explains that it may also turn
negative is the stock and ETFs screening process is done blindly. Based on Yahoo finance and
ETFdb ETF Screener, I chose to invest and trade in the following stocks, equity and non–equity
exchange traded funds:
A. Stocks:
1) Delta National Gas Company, Inc. (DGAS) from gas utilities (utilities industry)
2) Alcoa Inc. (AA) from Aluminium (Basic Materials) industry
3) American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. (AEO) from Apparel Stores (Services) industry
4) American Software, Inc. (AMSWA) from Application Software (Technology) industry
5) Asbury Automotive Group, Inc. (ABG) from Auto Dealership (services) industry
B. Equity exchange traded funds (ETFs):
1) Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF (VIG); dividends
2) WisdomTree MidCap Dividend Fund (DON); dividends and growth at a reasonable price
3) SPDR S&P Dividend ETF (SDY); currency hedge, dividends and growth at a reasonable price
C. Non–equity exchange traded funds (ETFs):
1) PowerShares Senior Loan Portfolio ETF (BKLN); to earn interest rates
2) PowerShares Build America Bond Portfolio ETF (BAB); earn interest and build America
Evaluation of stocks chosen/screen stocks Summary and discussion of Stock selection
From the table shown above, I used a bottom–up and aggressive approach to study and screen the
kinds of stocks to

Amazon 's First Brick And Mortar Store
Figure 2.1–Marketing mix
2.1 Product
Nick Wingfield writes that Amazon can improve physical retail through their "data–centric approach
to online retailing" (Alter, A. and Wingfield, N., 2016). Amazon's first brick–and–mortar store
differs from traditional independent bookstores. Amazon has forsaken the "charm of a funky used
bookstore" in favour of a "clean...well–lit and corporate" atmosphere (Alter, A. and Wingfield, N.,
2016). The store is small and has a limited selection of 5,000 books, "a tiny percentage of what most
independent booksellers would carry" (Vuong, 2016). All titles are face–out (rather than spine–out)
and each carries "a review card with the Amazon.com customer rating and a review" (Amazon,
2016).
There is debate over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional brick–and–mortar bookstores refuse to stock titles published by Amazon (Vuong, 2016).
Placement in a physical store increases a title's visibility, attracting more customers. Amazon is
unable to offer this benefit. By opening its own stores, Amazon can promote titles published by
CreateSpace and generate revenue for its authors, thereby attracting bigger–name authors to their
platforms (Elgan, 2016).
In the past, Amazon has encouraged customers to use brick–and–mortar bookstores as showrooms–
physical locations where you interact with a product before buying it at Amazon.com. Industry
insiders now speculate that Amazon's physical stores are intended as showrooms for Amazon's other
products, particularly their technology. "Electronics...are the nucleus of the store" (Alter, A. and
Wingfield, N., 2016), and the stores provide a way for Amazon to introduce their technology to the
public: "Techies might be comfortable buying a device like the Echo online...but a lot of people will
want to see it in the flesh first" (Alter, A. and Wingfield, N., 2016). Amazon can promote their entire
range through a brick–and–mortar bookstore, generating an increased market share for their other
products.
2.3 Place
The placement of Amazon brick–and–mortar stores allows them to target a specific market.
Amazon's existing store in Seattle and their planned second store in San Diego are placed near major
universities, indicating that Amazon is targeting

Cost Reduction And Revenue Growth
4.4 Operational Considerations
Ideally, Jet2(b) will undertake a strategic combination of cost reduction and revenue growth,
however the former is easier and quicker to implement in the short–term.
Jet2 and Monarch employs 5,200 (About Us, 2016) and 3,000 (Corporate – Facts & Figures, 2016)
staff respectively. With a high ratio of employee costs to total costs, combining this workforce will
cause thousands of job losses, triggering immediate cost benefits. Jet2(b) will develop a common set
of terms of employment and determine redundancy packages which overall will create staff morale
issues.
Monarch's Luton headquarters will be shut down, and all administrational functions will be
transferred to Jet2's headquarters in Leeds.
Staff training costs will increase significantly as Jet2(b) will look to Jet2–ify Monarch or new staff
under Jet2's existing successful "Take Me There" training programme. According to Amiot et al,
employees who are actively involved during times of organisational change experience higher job
satisfaction and lower psychosomatic health complaints (Amiot et al, 2006). As a Commitment
Organisation, Jet2 management already consults employees regularly and allows increased
discretion within their individual roles. It also recognises employee happiness as a key component in
customer happiness, so will make boosting staff morale a priority too. All Jet2(b) staff, including
crew and ground staff, will adopt the old Jet2 uniform. The Monarch website will be

The Impact Of Technology On The Financial Sector
SOCIAL In the years since the 2008/2009 financial crisis, mistrust of the banking and financing
industry remains high (Erman, 2013). This provides a unique challenge across the financial sector,
including the relevant interior industries of investment banking and venture capital. Once the market
crashed and the mechanics behind it came to light, a large portion of the American populace
dramatically shifted their opinions in regards to the financial sector. This sentiment came to a head
two years after the collapse with the creation of the Occupy Wall Street movement (Erman, 2013).
While not the sole cause, pressure from the American public played a part in the increased
regulation that the financial sector sees today including the Dodd Frank Act. A large part of this
negative backlash was due to an inherent misunderstanding of the inner workings of the financial
system (Erman, 2013). However, a lack financial knowledge did not mean the backlash was any less
successful. TECHNOLOGY The industry wide effects of technology can be seen from both an
internal and external perspective. Internally, the industry is technologically advancing as all
industries are. In–person, brick–and–mortar company evaluations and investments are increasingly
being done via computer instead. This has lowered overhead costs and has increased the computing
power of those making the investments. Externally, the boom in technology is providing a plethora
of investment opportunities. Industry

America 's Largest Internet Service Provider
Situation Overview
Between January 1998 and January 2000 Time Warner's stock saw a 1300% increase as it grew to
become the second largest cable provider in the United States. Time Warner had grown into a major
player in the media industry through a number of high profile mergers and acquisitions. In 1998
Time Inc. and Warmer Brothers merged in a deal where Time bought Warner Brothers for $14.9
billion. Gerald Levin, who had been CEO of Time Warner since December 1992, had done an
excellent job in the eyes of the shareholders. Despite his remarkable success in his first eight years
as CEO, CNBC named Levin as one of the "Worst American CEOs of All Time." Levin was able to
earn this distinction primarily in his leadership role in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Case felt that the vertical integration of the two companies would promote synergy. They believed
Time Warner could gain from AOL's experience and brand recognition in the new Internet industry
while AOL would benefit from Time Warner's cable infrastructure. The two CEOs noted that both
companies had comparable values that would mesh well together. Both sides had been interested in
merging with another large company in a related industry. AOL "had been plotting for months about
how to use its high–priced stock to make a big acquisition. The company hired the investment bank
Salomon Smith Barney... to consider various targets." AOL was in talks with eBay and Electronic
Arts while Time Warner was discussing a merger with Yahoo. Levin and Time Warner felt that they
had transform their company in order to be competitive in the fast paced Internet age. AOL feared
that if they did not move quickly to offer high–speed cable Internet their market share would vanish.
The two CEOs moved quickly and privately. After a few dinner meetings with Case, Levin
discussed the deal with Richard Parsons, Time Warner's president–he thought it was a good idea.
Levin only discussed the deal with a few top executives and a deal was made in early January 2000.
The deal was announced publically on January 10, 2000 and at a value of $350 billion, it was the
largest merger

Cisco’s Strategy in Recessionary Times
Strategic Management, BSHCE3 at the National College of Ireland | Cisco's Strategy in
Recessionary times | A report on Cisco's strategic management during recessionary times | 4/4/2013 |
Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3 Literature Review 3 Strategic Overview 4
Acquisition Timeline 6 Competitors Acquisitions 8 Hewlett Packard 8 Juniper Networks 8 Polycom
8 Strategic Tools 9 SWOT Analysis 9 Porter's 5 Forces 9 PEST Market Analysis Tool 9 Other 9
Other tools include Management by Objectives (MBO) 9 Strategic Tools on Cisco 10 SWOT
Analysis 10 Strengths 10 Weaknesses 10 Opportunities 10 Threats 10 Porter's 5 Forces 11 Threat of
New Entrants: MEDIUM 11 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: LOW 11 ... Show more content on
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It's also worth mentioning that Cisco's own website is very informative, with detailed financial and
organizational structure. Strategic Overview From the case study delivered during class (Indu, 2010)
it is clear that Cisco's goal was to increase market share and maintain a sustained growth. Added to
this continued improvement to customer and supplier relations. The company's current mission
statement states that; 'Cisco's mission is to shape the future of the Internet by creating unprecedented
value and opportunity for our customers, employees, investors, and ecosystem partners.'
(Cisco.com) With a strong customer focus at the core of their business, another strategy employed
by Cisco is to position themselves close to not only the customer but suppliers too. This closeness
and strength of supplier relations allows Cisco to respond quickly to changing customer and in fact
market demands and trends. One of the strategic applications to enable growth and innovation was
the use of acquisitions. From 1993 to present day Cisco has acquired over 150 companies in a wide
range of Information Technology and Networking sectors. This is facilitating gaining and
maintaining competitive advantage. However, proving the strength of the management and effective
adaptation, Cisco has been able to change their strategy when required and in 2000, after the dot
com bubble burst, its highly successful strategy of procurement was abandoned and under the
leadership of

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