X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation produced when electrons interact with matter. The most common method of producing x-rays involves accelerating electrons towards a target using high voltage. When the electrons strike the target, two types of x-rays are produced: continuous x-rays due to electrons losing kinetic energy, and characteristic or line x-rays due to electrons knocking inner electrons out of target atoms which emit photons as outer electrons fill the vacancies. X-rays have various applications including use in medicine for diagnosis and treatment of conditions like broken bones or cancers.

3. Those electromagnetic radiation whose energy lies
between (1 eV to 100 keV) are called X-RAYS

4.  The most common method
of producing x-rays is to
direct a beam of fast
moving electrons towards
a substance called a
TARGET. Electrons are
given out from a filament
when it is heated . These
electrons are accelerated
towards the target at very
high voltage (several
thousands volts). When
these electrons strike the
target highly energetic
radiations come out from
the target ,know as X RAYS
.

5. (1) X-rays are neutral, and pass undeflected through
electromagnetic fields.
(2) They move in a straight line with the speed of light.
(3) X-rays are invisible to human eyes, but produce
fluorescence.
(4) X-rays are of very short wave length (0.1 to 1 nm).
(5) X-rays are highly energetic (1ev to 100 kev).
(6) X-rays can destroy living cells.

6. (1) In art: detecting covered painting.
(2) In engineering: checking metal castings for defects
and crystal analysis .
(3) In medicine: there are two main areas.
(a) diagnostic. The detection of a broken bone or a tooth
cavity
(b) therapeutic. The treatment of malignant cancers

7. Study of X-rays spectrum , spectra analysis of
X-rays shows that,
These are two types of X-rays as follows :
1. Continuous X-rays spectrum.
2. Line spectrum or characteristic.

8.  When electrons from the
filaments is directed
towards the target atom ,
these electrons are
scatter from the nucleus
of the target atom , hence
they loses K.E .this loss in
K.E of the fast moving
electrons appears as the
energy of X-rays that
radiates away . This
process is known as “
BREMSSTRAHLUNG” and
the X-ray is called “
CONTINUOUS X-RAYS ”

9.  When energetic fast
moving electrons
incident on the target
atom , and they knock
out one of the inner
electron in a target
atom, hence produces a
vacancy there, one of
the outer electron move
into fill this vacancy ,
and is this process , the
atom emits photon. This
photon is known as
characteristic or line x-
rays

10. THANKYOU
FOR
LISTNING
MADE BY:
RAMSHA TARIQ
PHYSIOLOGY STUDENT