Westley and MacLean's model in 1957.
* About the Mr. Westley and MacLean's model.
Bruce H. Wesley’s and M.S. MacLean’s Model (1957). The model that is designed by Bruce H. Wesley and M.S. MacLean is an extension of the Newcomb’s model.
It has been specifically adapted for mass media. It is based on the assumption that the messages in mass communication, pass through different points, which are known as gatekeepers, before they reach the audience.
In other words, there is a mediator, who render a significant contribution in facilitating communication between the senders and the receivers .
The gatekeeper concept is essentially referred to as a concept, which is mostly used in mass media and is associated with the news on frequent basis.
This model focuses upon the aspect that the role of gatekeepers are regarded as crucial in facilitating the communication processes.
The primary job duties of the gatekeepers are, they are required to make decisions in terms of what messages are to be transmitted and how the content has to get modified.
Source of information, sender, gatekeeper, audience and feedback are regarded as important features of this model.
*limitation of this model
it applies only to mass media and does not take into account the relationships between mass media and other systems, through which the individuals need to get engaged in communication with each other on a continuous basis.
These include, family, work, friendships, educational institutions, organizations, religious places, public places and all the other formal and informal networks, through which terms and relationships are established among individuals.
Normally, communication processes are facilitated among the individuals through various forms with their family, educational institutions, organizations, communities and public places.
They do not depend upon the media to such an extent as implied by this model.
Therefore, it can be stated, this is one of the major limitations, which need to be alleviated in order to make the model successful.
Lasswell's communication model was developed by communication theorist Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948. Lasswell’s model of communication (also known as action model or linear model or one way model of communication) is regarded as one the most influential communication models.
Lasswell's communication model was developed by communication theorist Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948. Lasswell’s model of communication (also known as action model or linear model or one way model of communication) is regarded as one the most influential communication models.
Newcomb’s Model In 1953
*About Model
Theodore M. Newcomb is one of the principal pioneers in the establishment of social psychology as an area for the study at the periphery between the traditional disciplines of psychology and sociology (Converse, 1994).
Theodore M. Newcomb’s Model, unlike any other models takes the shape of the triangle.
The main significance of this model is that, it makes an attempt to provide explanation regarding the role of communication in the society and in social relationships.
According to this model, communication processes renders a significant contribution in maintaining equilibrium within the social system.
In this model, the communication among the individuals is focused upon the social environment. Within the social environment.
There are number of aspects, in terms of which communication processes can be facilitated among individuals.
This model is regarded as significant in the light of the individuals increasing needs and requirements. In fact, when the individuals are residing in the democratic country.
it is vital for them to generate awareness and augment their understanding in terms of factors of the social environment.
This information would be assisting to them in providing solutions to their problems and in enriching their lives.
Through this model the individuals are able to understand, how important it is for them to form effective communication terms within the social environment
In order to enhance one’s living conditions and meet all the needs and requirements, it is vital for the individuals to establish effective communication terms with each other.
When the individuals will communicate with each other in a suitable manner within the social environment .
Then they will be able to work efficaciously towards the generation of desired outcomes and in sustaining one’s living conditions in an appropriate manner.
Therefore, it can be stated that understanding of this model has proven to be beneficial to the individuals .
This slideshow gives information about very first newspaper of different countries and of different languages. It also provide brief history of early newspaper and how newspaper got started in the first place.
This presentation is intended for the Senior High School Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand of the Academic Track. The subject is Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. Topics included are: Roles and Functions of Communicators and Journalists; Area of Specialization: Code of Conduct; and, Levels and Elements of Communication.
With special credit to Rex Bookstore.
Newcomb’s Model In 1953
*About Model
Theodore M. Newcomb is one of the principal pioneers in the establishment of social psychology as an area for the study at the periphery between the traditional disciplines of psychology and sociology (Converse, 1994).
Theodore M. Newcomb’s Model, unlike any other models takes the shape of the triangle.
The main significance of this model is that, it makes an attempt to provide explanation regarding the role of communication in the society and in social relationships.
According to this model, communication processes renders a significant contribution in maintaining equilibrium within the social system.
In this model, the communication among the individuals is focused upon the social environment. Within the social environment.
There are number of aspects, in terms of which communication processes can be facilitated among individuals.
This model is regarded as significant in the light of the individuals increasing needs and requirements. In fact, when the individuals are residing in the democratic country.
it is vital for them to generate awareness and augment their understanding in terms of factors of the social environment.
This information would be assisting to them in providing solutions to their problems and in enriching their lives.
Through this model the individuals are able to understand, how important it is for them to form effective communication terms within the social environment
In order to enhance one’s living conditions and meet all the needs and requirements, it is vital for the individuals to establish effective communication terms with each other.
When the individuals will communicate with each other in a suitable manner within the social environment .
Then they will be able to work efficaciously towards the generation of desired outcomes and in sustaining one’s living conditions in an appropriate manner.
Therefore, it can be stated that understanding of this model has proven to be beneficial to the individuals .
This slideshow gives information about very first newspaper of different countries and of different languages. It also provide brief history of early newspaper and how newspaper got started in the first place.
This presentation is intended for the Senior High School Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand of the Academic Track. The subject is Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. Topics included are: Roles and Functions of Communicators and Journalists; Area of Specialization: Code of Conduct; and, Levels and Elements of Communication.
With special credit to Rex Bookstore.
what are the methods and types of communication, different models of communication, organizational communication, different terms related to communication especially in extension and their importance
These are slides which accompanied a presentation given at the University of St. Michael's College in the University of Toronto for a conference focused on gender equity issues.
PSB 2.0 and social television: The case of ABC’s #7DaysLaterUniversity of Sydney
Co-written with Benedetta Brevini, this presentation was part of a panel that explored non-European public service media at the International Association of Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) conference, July 2015, Montreal Canada.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Westley and mac lean's model
1.
2. ABOUT THE MR. WESTLEY AND MACLEAN'S
MODEL
• BRUCE H. WESLEY’S AND M.S. MACLEAN’S MODEL (1957). THE MODEL THAT IS DESIGNED BY
BRUCE H. WESLEY AND M.S. MACLEAN IS AN EXTENSION OF THE NEWCOMB’S MODEL.
• IT HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY ADAPTED FOR MASS MEDIA. IT IS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION
THAT THE MESSAGES IN MASS COMMUNICATION, PASS THROUGH DIFFERENT POINTS,
WHICH ARE KNOWN AS GATEKEEPERS, BEFORE THEY REACH THE AUDIENCE.
• IN OTHER WORDS, THERE IS A MEDIATOR, WHO RENDER A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION IN
FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE SENDERS AND THE RECEIVERS .
• THE GATEKEEPER CONCEPT IS ESSENTIALLY REFERRED TO AS A CONCEPT, WHICH IS MOSTLY
USED IN MASS MEDIA AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEWS ON FREQUENT BASIS.
3. • THIS MODEL FOCUSES UPON THE ASPECT THAT THE ROLE OF GATEKEEPERS ARE REGARDED
AS CRUCIAL IN FACILITATING THE COMMUNICATION PROCESSES.
• THE PRIMARY JOB DUTIES OF THE GATEKEEPERS ARE, THEY ARE REQUIRED TO MAKE
DECISIONS IN TERMS OF WHAT MESSAGES ARE TO BE TRANSMITTED AND HOW THE
CONTENT HAS TO GET MODIFIED.
• SOURCE OF INFORMATION, SENDER, GATEKEEPER, AUDIENCE AND FEEDBACK ARE
REGARDED AS IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THIS MODEL.
5. LIMITATION OF THIS MODEL
• IT APPLIES ONLY TO MASS MEDIA AND DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN MASS MEDIA AND OTHER SYSTEMS, THROUGH WHICH THE INDIVIDUALS NEED TO GET
ENGAGED IN COMMUNICATION WITH EACH OTHER ON A CONTINUOUS BASIS.
• THESE INCLUDE, FAMILY, WORK, FRIENDSHIPS, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS,
RELIGIOUS PLACES, PUBLIC PLACES AND ALL THE OTHER FORMAL AND INFORMAL NETWORKS,
THROUGH WHICH TERMS AND RELATIONSHIPS ARE ESTABLISHED AMONG INDIVIDUALS.
• NORMALLY, COMMUNICATION PROCESSES ARE FACILITATED AMONG THE INDIVIDUALS THROUGH
VARIOUS FORMS WITH THEIR FAMILY, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS,
COMMUNITIES AND PUBLIC PLACES.
6. •THEY DO NOT DEPEND UPON THE MEDIA TO SUCH AN EXTENT AS IMPLIED BY
THIS MODEL.
•THEREFORE, IT CAN BE STATED, THIS IS ONE OF THE MAJOR LIMITATIONS,
WHICH NEED TO BE ALLEVIATED IN ORDER TO MAKE THE MODEL SUCCESSFUL.
