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- 1. Coiled Tubing Introduction andBasics By: Abdullah N. Abdulrazzaq
- 2. What is CoiledTubing Runs and retrieves a continuous string of tubing Can continuously pump fluids into well while moving pipe No workover rig required Can be and is typically used on live wells (no kill fluids introduced into well
- 3. Origin Of Coiled tubing The origins of continuous-length, steel-tubing technology can be traced to engineering and fabrication work pioneered by Allied engineering teams during the Second World War. Project 99, code named "PLUTO" (an acronym for Pipe Lines Under The Ocean), was a top-secret Allied invasion enterprise involving the deployment of pipelines from the coast of England to several points along the coast of France.
- 4. CT String Manufacturing and Construction CTis manufactured from flat metal strips, called skelps. String construction and manufacturing processes depend on: ✓Type of assembly weld (butt weld, bias weld) ✓Wall thickness configuration (non-tapered, tapered, true taper) ✓Special purpose strings (weld bead removal, coated CT)
- 5. Coiled Tubing Products Grades 60000 to 120000 psi Yield Materials Configurations Butt Welded Continuous Milled (Bias Weld) Tapered Strings True Tapered Strings Manufacturers Tenaris Coiled Tubing- e.g. HS80 and HS80CM Quality Tubing - e.g. QT80 and QT800 Global (new manufacturer)
- 7. Coiled Tubing Terminology CTU, 38K, 1.5, QT800 (0.125 in), 15000 feet -What is this? 38KGenerally 38,000 lbs is the injector maximum tensile force •1.5 inc and QT8001.5 in is the CT ODQT800 is the CT minimum yield strength 80,000 psi from Quality Tubing0.125in is the wall thickness (ID is 1.25 in) •15000 ft This is the minimum total coiled tubing length available on the reel
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- 11. Coiled Tubing Equipment The basic configuration of a coiled tubing equipment package is dependent on: Operating environment e.g., offshore, arctic, desert Primary applications e.g., units prepared for CTD, Fracturing operations will typically be larger than conventional service units CT string dimensions e.g., string length/OD and necessary reel dimensions
- 12. Basic Equipment Configurations Onshore Paved road trucks (road legal for operating area) Off-road trucks (all-wheel drive, e.g., desert) Mobile mast units (special environment, e.g., arctic) Offshore Skid mounted units (crash-frame protected) Barge mounted units (permanent placement) Jacking barge/tender vessel
- 13. CT Express –Trailer Mounted CTU - Paved Road Trailer mounted CTU configured from skid mounted equipment for flexibility. The crash frame protection is removed (to reduce weight) when the skids are fixed to the trailer, but can be fitted if the equipment is to be shipped offshore. The configuration shown requires two trucks. The truck/trailer shown transports the reel, control cabin, power pack and BOP. A smaller crane truck is used to transport the crane, injector head and riser wellhead package (as required). Weight restrictions (country, state or road capacity) and the required CT string size/length (weight) are the key factors in determining if two trucks are required for the CTU package.
- 14. Single Chassis –Truck Mounted
- 15. Mobile Mast –Arctic & Desert Operations
- 16. CTU – SkidMounted
- 17. CTU – BargeMounted
- 18. CTU – JackingBarge
- 19. Main CT EquipmentPackage Coiled Tubing Unit Prime Mover Control Cabin / Console Tubing Reel Injector Head BOP / Stripper Lifting Equipment
- 21. Common Heads nolonger in production 6000 East Berry Street Ft. Worth, Texas, USA hrisales@hydrarig.com www.hydrarig.com HR 440 6000 East Berry Street Ft. Worth, Texas, USA hrisales@hydrarig.com www.hydrarig.com HR 480 Only Intermittent. Head used with large CT, CTD, demanding applications
- 22. Injector Head –Typical Specifications Injector Head Model HR 240 HR 440 HR 480 Capacities Min. tubing size 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 Max. tubing size 1-1/2 2-3/8 3-1/2 Max. pulling force - open loop (lbf.) 20,000 40,000 80,000 - closed loop (lbf.) 20,000 60,000 100,000 Max. snubbing force (lbf.) 10,000 20,000 40,000 Max. running speed (fpm) 200 240 150 Dimensions Length (in.) 53 55 64 Width (in.) 34 52 64 Height (in.) 65 80 109 Weight (lbm) 3,400 7,800 12,650
- 23. New Generations –HR 560 Performance Data: 60,000 lb. Continuous Pull 26,000 lb. Continuous Snubbing 200 feet/min. Maximum speed 1” through 2-3/8” tubing sizes Capable of running 120,000 psi tubing Superior slow speed control (inches per minute) 70,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame (CT) 60,000 lb. Lifting capacity from stripper (Stack) Weights (Basic): 8,100 lbs. Assembled weight with stripper mount and 72”gooseneck, stripper box, minimal handling slings, lube tank.
- 24. New Generations –HR 580 Performance Data: 80,000 lb. Continuous Pull 40,000 lb. Continuous Snubbing 150 feet/min. Maximum speed 1-1/2” through 3-1/2” tubing sizes Capable of running 120,000 psi tubing Superior slow speed control (inches per minute) 95,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame (CT) 80,000 lb. Lifting capacity from stripper (Stack) Weights (Basic): 10,800 lbs. Assembled weight with 72” gooseneck, stripper box, minimal handling slings, lube tank.
- 25. New Generation HR660 Performance Data: 60,000 lb. Continuous Pull 30,000 lb. Continuous Snubbing 250 Feet/min. Maximum speed (Min displacement) 1” Through 2-3/8” tubing sizes Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing Superior slow speed control (inches per minute) 70,000 lb. Lifting capacity through outer frame 60,000 lb. Lifting capacity through stripper mount Weights (Basic): 7,600 lbs. Assembled weight with 72” gooseneck, stripper box, minimal handling slings, lube tank.
- 26. New Generation –HR 680 Performance Data: 80,000 lb. Continuous Pull 40,000 lb. Continuous Snubbing 150 feet/min. Maximum speed 1-1/2” through 3-1/2” tubing sizes Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing Superior slow speed control (inches per minute) 95,000 lb. Lifting capacity through outer frame 80,000 lb. Lifting capacity from stripper Weights (Basic): 9,500 lbs. Assembled weight with 72” gooseneck, stripper box, minimal handling slings, lube tank.
- 27. Heavy Duty HR5100 Performance Data 100,000 lbs. continuous lifting capacity 50,000 lbs. continuous snubbing capacity 140 ft./min. maximum speed 1-1/2” through 3-1/2” tubing sizes Capable of running new 120,000 PSI tubing Superior slow speed control for drilling applications Inches per minute smooth operating speed 100,000 lbs. lifting capacity through outer frame 100,000 lbs. lifting capacity from stripper 17,400 lbs. assembled weight with 100” tubing guide installed, with no stripper 100” tubing guide (1,200 lbs.)
- 28. Injector Head –Principal Components Primary components/functions include: 1. Hydraulic drive/brake system 2. Drive chains and tensioners 3. Gooseneck or guide-arch 4. Weight indicator sensor 5. Stripper mount 1 2 3 4 5
- 29. Chain Tensioning Systems HR-480 3-sprocket system HR-560 2-sprocket system
- 30. Chain Components –HR 240/260 Gripper block Roller bearing Chainlink pins Chainlink plate andsplit pin
- 31. Chain Components –HR 480 Variable insert
- 32. 500 & 600Series “Quick Connect” Gripper System Quickly remove or install a gripper Hardened and Grooved Single Piece Grippers
- 33. Guide Arch API Recommendations TubingSize Radius (in.) (in.) 1-1/4 48 to 72 1-1/2 48 to 72 1-3/4 72 to 96 2 72 to 96 2-3/8 90 to 120 2-7/8 90 to 120 3-1/2 96 to 120 HR240- 50-in. HR480- 108-in. HR240- 72-in.
- 34. Weight Indicator –HR480 Dual Sensors Front sensor/pivot Rear sensor/pivot Optional hydraulic cell in some IH’s.To sense snubbing forces (Pre-electronic load cells).
- 35. Stripper Mounting Point Some IH’s (company dependent) have stripper assembled this way. Others have stripper assembled to BOP for simple land rig-ups.
- 36. CT Reel –Functions Basic functions of the reel: 1. Storing and protecting the CT string – reel drum Maintaining proper tension between reel and injector head (reel drive system) 2. Efficiently spooling the CT string onto the reel drum - levelwind system 3. Circulating fluids with the drum rotating – swivel 4. Application of protective coating or inhibitor on tubing string - tubing lubricator system 5. CT depth measurement system - reel mounted counter and integrity monitor This is always the heaviest load. Determines logistics and applicability in many situations ! 1 2 3 4 5 1 3
- 37. Reel Models andCapacities HR Model Code Tubing Size 1015 2015 3015 3020 4122 1.25 in 15000 22,500 25,000 25,000 25,000 1.5 in 10000 15,100 22,000 25,000 25,000 1.75 in N/A 11,200 15,000 20,000 25,000 2 in N/A 8,500 11,000 15,000 22,500 2.375 in N/A N/A N/A N/A 15,300
- 38. Reel Drum Capacity Capacityof reel drum: L = (A + C) (A) (B) (K) Where: L = Reel capacity (ft) A = Tubing stack height (in.) B = Drum width (in.) C = Core diameter (in.) K = Constant (tubing size dependent) 1-1/4 = 0.168 1-1/2 = 0.116 1-3/4 = 0.086 2 = 0.066 2-3/8 = 0.046 Freeboard A B C
- 39. Reel Models -Reel size comparison
- 40. Reel Drive andBrake Systems Spokedreel Floor mountedmotor/brake Dishedendreel Axle mountedmotor/brake (Levelwindsystempumpshown) Planetary gears
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- 42. Levelwind System System componentsinclude: 1. Drive chain/system 2. Override motor 3. Spooling head 3 2 1
- 43. Workover and CoiledTubing Units Standard Work-over Unit Generally requires longer rig ups / Downs ▪Longer RIH and POH. ▪Need to stop circulation to make pipe connections. ▪Generally need to kill the well for operations. Coiled Tubing Unit ▪Faster rig ups / Downs ▪Live Well/ Min. production downtime ▪Continuous tubing / continuous circulation ▪Enhanced Tubing Management ▪Improve Safety (min. thread connections)
- 44. Coiled Tubing Advantages Self-Containedunit, requires no rig –No connections –Continuous circulation –Saves time and money -do not have to kill well –Typically used on live wells so reduced potential damage to formation –Act as tool transport medium for deviated and horizontal wells
- 45. Coiled Tubing Limitations SmallDiameters Restricted Flow Reduced Rates Rotation of Tubing Limited Reach in Horizontal Wells
- 46. Coiled Tubing Operation Introduction toCoiled Tubing Application
- 47. CT Application Analysis Key application segments Fluid conveyance Circulation, placement, injection Tool conveyance Mechanical, Electrical Completions ESP, Vel Strings, etc
- 48. 32.1% 31.4% 9.7% 9.5% 4.5% 3.1% 2.2% 2.0% 1.5% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% Jobs Jan2008- Dec 2010 Wellbore Cleanout Well Circulation Coiled Tubing Matrix Tool Conveyance CT Logging Milling CT Cementing CT Completion CT Fracturing CT Perforating CT Conformance CT Fishing/Retrieval CT Sand Control CT ACTive Matrix CT ACTive Isolation CT ACTive Profiling CT ACTive Perforating CT ACTive Cleanout CT ACTive Lift CTS Segmentation
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- 50. Well Kill/Kick-Off (FluidCirculation) Fluid circulation and placement Dense fluid – well kill Light fluid – kick-off Technique sensitive to: Surface choke control Fluid volumes
- 51. Nitrogen Kick-Off Inducingflow from reservoir Lowering hydrostatic pressure System optimized when: Software used to select optimum depth N2 rate at lowest practicable
- 52. Wellbore Fill Removal Removal of solids from wellbore - restoring production, wellbore access, operation of completion devices Technique sensitive to: Wellbore profile and BHP Fluid characteristics and rate
- 53. Acid Wash Preciseplacement of acid in wellbore Technique sensitive to: Length of interval Fluid delivery rate Temperature (inhibitor) Flow-back or clean-up
- 54. Screen Wash Removalof soft and soluble deposits Techniques sensitive to: Fluid selection Geometry and Type of screen Nozzle selection and jet stand-off
- 55. Matrix Acidizing -Diverted Ensuring treatment of least permeable zones Technique sensitive to: Length of interval Placement and quality of diverter
- 56. Chemical Treatment Removalof soluble deposits from wellbore or perforations Techniques sensitive to: Location and chemical composition of deposits Surface area of deposits and action of chemical Mechanical assistance (jetting)
- 57. Water Control –Polymer Injection Blocking water production by chemical injection Techniques sensitive to: Length of interval Communication between zones
- 58. Cement Placement Accurateplacement of cement slurry Techniques sensitive to: Temperature and pressure conditions Cement slurry characteristics Cement column stability
- 59. Fracturing with CT(CoilFRAC) Selective treatment of short zones Technique sensitive to: Depth of treatment Completion Type Fluid selection Reservoir Characteristics
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- 61. Conveying Tools Principalissues for tool conveyance Handling of toolstring insertion and retrieval process Depth control accurate placement/correlation Wellbore conditions pressure, temperature, fluid compatibility CT string force/movement
- 62. Flow Control Operationof completion equipment Sliding sleeve Plug setting retrieval Gauge placement and retrieval Technique sensitive to: Wellbore depth and deviation Control force (TFM)
- 63. Scale Removal Removalof inorganic salts (may be combined with organic deposits) Reduced flow area (ultimately plug) Increased roughness Preventing wellbore access Techniques sensitive to: Type of scale - soluble, insoluble Location of scale - tubulars, completion components
- 64. Gravel Pack Placementof screens and/or gravel pack Prepacked screen Conventional screen + pack Remedial Screen Technique sensitive to: Placement of screen/tools Placement of pack fluids
- 65. Fishing Removal oflarge debris from wellbore Magnetic, catchable (internal or external), wire Techniques sensitive to: Retrieval of tools and fish Wellbore geometry Size and position of fish Fish stuck or free
- 66. Zonal Isolation Permanent/temporaryisolation of producing zone Bridge plug (permanent/retrievable) Bridge plug + cement Retainer + cement Techniques sensitive to: Wellbore/completion geometry Depth control Cement slurry characteristics
- 67. Milling/Drilling Mechanical removalof hard material Wellbore deposits (hard scale) Cement or cured treatment fluids Opening wellbore restriction Removal of fish/plug Techniques sensitive to: Wellbore geometry Fluid circulation rate
- 68. Underreaming Milling belowtubing/restriction Scale, cement, OH underreaming Technique sensitive to: Hole size/geometry Material to be removed Length of interval
- 69. Tubing Cutting Rotaryinternal cutting Tailpipe removal (drop) Tubing string cut (retrieval) Technique sensitive to: Tubing geometry Tubing material Cutter stability
- 70. Selective Fluid Placement Selective placement of treatment fluid through dual packer assembly Straddle assembly Packer - bridge plug Techniques sensitive to: Down hole conditions Placement of tools Treatment volume and rate
- 71. Perforating - TCP Hydraulicallyactivated perforating system Technique sensitive to: Length of interval/guns Depth correlation
- 72. Production Logging -Memory Wellbore and production data recorded within toolstring Pressure, temperature, flow rate Techniques sensitive to: Duration of survey/operation Synchronization of time/depth
- 73. Production Logging -Wireline CT conveyed wireline logging tools Technique sensitive to: Length of toolstring Control of string movement Depth correlation
- 74. Perforating - Wireline Electrically activated perforating system Technique sensitive to: Length of interval/guns Depth correlation