This is my first year Semester-2 project this project contains:- 1- WeTude - 5 Topics covered 2- WeLounge - 3 Topics Coverd 3- NewsWire- 10 Lastest NEWS from the IT industry. This 3 above platform is integrated with the WeSchool-Distance-MBA course (PGDM-D). Thank you. Be Happy.

2.  By Prince Trivedi
 Hpgd/oc19/1353
Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management
Development & research
PROJECT WE LIKE

3. 5 Topics
We Tube

4. Agile Project Methodology

5. What Is Agile Project Methodology/Management (APM)?
 -Agile project management is an iterative approach to delivering a project throughout its life cycle.
 -Is ideal for exploratory projects in which requirements need to be discovered and new technology tested.
 -Focuses on active collaboration between the project team, customer representatives and stakeholder.
Its is made of three important
Components:
• Agile Manifesto
• Agile Values
• Agile Principles
The Four Values of the Agile Manifesto

6. There are 12 Agile Principles:

7. Core of Agile
Values
Systems
Attitude
Simple
framework
for dealing
with change
-People
-Collaborations
-Honesty
-Trust
Thinking guided by
the principles and
reflected by the
behaviour
-Self organization
-Visibility
-Inspection
-Adaptation
Tightly couples
organizing team to a
Product owner.
Adaptive
ecosystem

8. Prevalent Agile Methodology
• Agile Scrum Methodology
• Adaptive Software Development
• Extreme Programming (XP)
• Crystal family of methodologies
• Dynamic Systems Development
Method (DSDM)
• Feature Driven Development (FDD)
• The Rational Unified Process
• Open Source Software development
• Other Agile Methodology
 Agile Modelling
 Pragmatic Programming
Life-Cycle of Agile Methodology

9. Scrum Methodology :
-Is a holistic approach for use by a cross-functional team collaborating to develop a new product.
-Defines product features as deliverables and prioritizes them by their perceived highest value to the customer.
-Re-evaluates priorities after each iteration (sprint) to produce fully functional features.
-Has four main phases: ANALYSIS, DESIGN, BUILD, TEST

10. Project Risk Management

11. What is Risk Definition ?
An uncertain event or condition that, if occurs has a positive or
negative effect on project duration, cost, scope orquality.
Purpose of the Risk Management :
• Risk management planning
• Risk identification
• Qualitative risk analysis
• Quantitative risk analysis
• Risk response planning
• Risk monitoring and control
Framework of Risk
Management

12. Planning Risk Management :
Topic Questions to Answer
Methodology How will risk management be performed on this project? What tools and data
sources are available and applicable?
Roles and responsibilities Which people are responsible for implementing specific tasks and providing
deliverables related to risk management?
Budget and schedule What are the estimated costs and schedules for performing risk-related activities?
Risk categories What are the main categories of risks that should be addressed on this project? Is
there a risk breakdown structure for the project? (See the information on risk
breakdown structures later in this chapter.)
Risk probability and impact How will the probabilities and impacts of risk items be assessed? What scoring
and interpretation methods will be used for the qualitative and quantitative
analysis of risks? How will the probability and impact matrix be developed?
Revised stakeholders’
tolerances
Have stakeholders’ tolerances for risk changed? How will those changes affect the
project?
Tracking How will the team track risk management activities? How will lessons learned be
documented and shared? How will risk management processes be audited?
Risk documentation What reporting formats and processes will be used for risk management activities?

13. Common Sources of Risk on IT Projects :
• Several studies show that IT projects share some common sources of risk
• The Standish Group developed an IT success potential scoring sheet based on potential risks
• Other broad categories of risk help identify potential risks
• Market risk
• Financial risk
• Technology risk
• People risk
• Structure/process risk
• A risk breakdown structure is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project
RBS – Risk Breakdown Structure

14. Using Probability/Impact Matrixes to Calculate Risk Factors
• Lists relative probability of a risk
occurring on one side of a matrix or axis
on a chart and the relative impact of the
risk occurring
• List the risks and then label each one
as high, medium, or low in terms of
its probability of occurrence and its
impact if it did occur
• Calculates risk factors
• Numbers that represent the overall
risk of specific events based on their
probability of occurring and the
consequences to the project if they
do occur

15. Project Cost Management

16. What is Project cost management ?
“The processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs
so that the budget can be completed within the approved budget”
Why Do We Manage Cost?
• Part of triple
constraint, can’t
manage one
without the
others (scope,
time, and quality)
• Plots of cost and
scope against plan
can help spot
problems early
Cumulative
Value
Time
Planned Value
(PV)
Actual Costs
(AC)
Earned Value
(EV)
Today
Is this project over/under budget?
Is it ahead of/behind schedule?

17. How Do We Manage Cost?
• Estimate Costs : The Process of developing an approximation (estimate) for the cost of the resources
(material and human) necessary to complete the project activities.
• Determine Budget : An activity list was created and sequenced into a simple network diagram.The
amount of resources and the duration of each activity was then estimated to
produce the project schedule baseline.
• Control Costs : Cost controls starts by the businesses identifying what their costs are and evaluate whether
those costs are reasonable and affordable, Then, if necessary, they can look for ways to cut
costs through methods such as cutting back, moving to a less expensive plan or changing
service providers.

18. Estimate Costs Determine Budget Control Costs
Tools & Techniques of each Processes :
Analogous estimating
Determine resource
cost rates
Bottom up estimating
Parametric estimating
Project management
software
Vendor bid analysis
Reserve analysis
Cost of quality
Cost aggregation
Reserve analysis
Parametric estimating
Funding limit
reconciliation
Cost change control
system
Performance
measurement analysis
Forecasting
Project performance
reviews
Project management
software
Variance management

19. Enterprise Resource Planning

20. What is ERP?
ERP is short for ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING.
An ERP system is an attempt to integrate all functions across a company to a single computer system that can
serve all those functions’ specific needs.
Support business through optimizing, maintaining, and tracking business functions.
From product planning, parts purchasing, inventory control, and product distribution, to order tracking.
Components OF ERP!
• Finance / Accounting
• Human Recourses
• Manufacturing
• Supply Chain
Management
• Project Management
• Customer Relationship
Management

21. ERP Selection
• Check whether all functional
aspects of your Business are
covered
• Check whether all the business
functions and processes are
integrated
• Check whether all latest IT
trends are covered
• Check whether the vendor has
customizing & implementing
capabilities
• Check the Service options
available
• Check your purse & calculate
ROI (Return On Investment)

22. Advantage of ERP Disadvantages of ERP
• Business Integration
• Improved customer service and order
fulfillment
• Improved communication with
suppliers and customers.
• One common system - less
duplication, more efficient.
• Reduce inventory.
• High Software cost
• Consulting Fees.
• Forced change of processes.
• Very complex software
• Lack of trained people
• Not Internet-ready

23. Latest Trends in IT Cloud Computing

24. Understanding the “Cloud”
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say that
Cloud is something, which is present at remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over network, i.e., on public networks or on private
networks, i.e.,WAN, LAN or VPN.
• Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship
management (CRM), all run in cloud.
What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the applications online.
• It offers online data storage, infrastructure and application.
• Cloud Computing is both a combination of software and hardware based computing resources
delivered as a network service.

25. Cloud Computing Architecture

26. Different type of Models
Deployment Models
Deployment models define the type of
access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is
located? Cloud can have any of the four
types of access:
Public, Private, Hybrid and Community.
Service Models
Service Models are the reference
models on which the Cloud
Computing is based. These can be
categorized into three basic service
models as listed below:
1.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

27. Advantages
• Lower computer costs
• Improved performance:
• Reduced software costs
• Instant software updates
• Improved document format
compatibility
• Unlimited storage capacity
• Increased data reliability
• Universal document access
• Latest version availability
• Easier group collaboration
• Device independence
Disadvantages
• Requires a constant Internet
connection
• Does not work well with low-
speed connections
• Features might be limited
• Can be slow
• Stored data can be lost
• Stored data might not be secure

28. WE LOUNGE
3 Interviews

29. PRESIDENT -INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
AT PERMA GLOBAL LOGISTICS
1.MR ANUP SAGGU

30. • Mr. Anup has been started his journey Accidently. Just like us any other youngsters done with their colleges has thought that we
have to do something in our life, At the time of Mr. Anup their was not so much of guidance to decide the career path.
• So took logistics as a part time subject and then started enjoying this subjects very much. After completion of the studies he
joined up the logistics company. i.e DHL Logistics Company. So this was the career starting point of Mr. Anup and till know he
has not been back with his work He is with DHL from past 6 years.
• The main advise for the youth of this generation is that they should be stabilize in the beginning of their career. And need to
take out maximum knowledge and information about the company and the company’s product. If you are not aware of the
company and not having knowledge about the industry you will be confused and not be having any kind of master knowledge
of the company.
• This will be very harmful for your future and it be effective negatively. so need to get accurate about the knowledge of the
company and then should be decided by thinking for a long period.
• At that time logistics was not that much popular in the market world. Moving all over the world India helped him a lot in his
logistics career. He has been experienced by 360 degree of logistics.70% - 80% of the migration of goods are done through
water transport.
Introduction

31. ABOUT GLOBAL LOGISTICS
• Its freight forwarding and logistics partner company.
• It manages various types of cargo from global inland and port destinations to any where in the world.
• Its being subsidiary of Perma Shipping line, Singapore.
• They provide all types logistics services as well as expertise in multi modal transport and port handling
across the world, they serve international clients involved in global trade.
• It started the work in India in 2008,and currently having more than 65 employees in India.
• The highest revenue is been generated through water transport.
• Logistics deals with consumption and with manufactures. India is a very vast economy with billions of
population. Indian people is having money that they may consume in india. So they have money to
maintain in their lifestyle. Even customers can generate reports as and how they want.
• Due to E Commerce trading logistics company also rises up. Company stores their stock in different
places now a days. Its very helpful for the logistics company.
• Government policies also plays a very important role in logistics. like customs started online service for
clearance of goods, Its very time consuming and things will be very faster.

32. 2.Mr.Ninad Karpe
Managing Director & CEO - Aptech

33.  Ninad Karpe is the Managing Director & CEO of Aptech Ltd.
 He was earlier Managing Director, CA (formerly known as Computer Associates) for India
& SAARC. He had been associated with CA India since the company’s inception in the
country.
 He held numerous management responsibilities in CA India that include setting up offices
in India, managing marketing, PR, technical services, HR, operations and finance.
 In his capacity as Managing Director of the Indian operations of the world’s fourth largest
software company, Ninad’s responsibilities included driving the adoption of CA’s
technology and broadening and strengthening strategic partnerships in India.
 Earlier, Mr. Karpe was Executive Director of CA India. In the past, he was a consulting
specialist for companies seeking to invest in India.
 He has also authored several books on strategy, taxation and foreign investment in India
and contributes regularly to newspapers, magazines and journals.
Introduction

34. • Around 40% of revenue of Aptech is from outside India
• Lakmé Lever, a subsidiary of Hindustan Unilever, and education-training firm
Aptech are coming together to set up beauty training academies across India
• Aptech will continue to be multiproduct ,multi geography
• Customer experience is more important since the services being
provided are homogenous
• Target customers are mostly youngsters.
• Vocational courses
• 70% of the content is in English ,rest 30% is in localized language
• Excitement of change motivated him to join Aptech
• He emphasizes to have driving passion

35. • Passion and agility to drive business
• Future scope is enormous
• Gender equality will increase the no. of students(lotof dropouts
happen after class 8th due to gender bias)
• technology like 4g and smart phones will also lead to huge scope
• Aptech Varsity provides online videos/program to uniform education to
different places
• By 2021 he wants Aptech to be no.1 career education
• company in India and other markets
• Want to have good people. since people perform to take the Brand
forward
Essential skills which he looks in a manager

36. 3.Mr Mainak Dhar
MD, General Mills

37. • Mr Mainak Dhar has extensive experience of close to two decades at Blue Chip organisation
with his transformational leadership and acceleration to complex business and organisation
• He also has great experience in leading multi disciplinary teams to drive sales and profits.
• His professional goal is to keep stretching business and leadership experience to progress in
his career.
• What keeps him going his passion to develop strong organisation and leave a legacy, and not
just deliver members.
• He has very diverse work experience in his 18 years of work life.
• Writing books was something that kept him interested.
• Along with the diverse work experience he has very diverse exposure as he travelled around
the world while he was growing up.
• He started his career with Blue Chip Organisation (Procter & Gamble).
• In his opinion success of the organisation globally is because of its real commitment to its
consumers, meeting consumer needs.
• General Mills have diverse portfolio to cater to.

38. • According to him vales plays an important role in the success of the
organisation as it gives guidelines to why are we doing what we are
doing.
• Trends that General Mills are offering to consumers are – Demand for
variety, Health aspect to food, Authentic food.
• Key drivers for General Mills is keeping consumers first, also how we
get more consumers.
• Next mile stone for General Mills is to be the fastest growing food
company in India.

39. News Wire
10 Articles

40. 1.THE WORLD’S MOST INNOVATIVE COUNTRIES, 2020
The top 10 and beyond
Stability remains at the top of the GII rankings; out of this year’s top 10,
nine were in last year’s list. The innovation champion recipe remains
the same: an overall balanced performance across all pillars, with a
special focus on infrastructure and those policies that foster openness
and education. By and large, it is still too early to see the impact of the
pandemic. Relevant data will only show in corporate reports and
national accounts from the second half of 2020, and it will be
important to assess then how the two fundamental pillars of
innovation – openness and education – have been affected
Switzerland (1), Sweden (2) and the US are unchanged at the
very top. This year’s sole new entry in the top 10 is the
Republic of Korea (10). Intense competition follows after that,
with a remarkable move by UK, jumping four ranks, allowing
it to overtake China.
India has also performed well this year, breaking into the top 50.

41. How innovation achievers will weather the pandemic
• The GII bubble chart is perhaps the clearest measure to identify innovation outperformance relative to an
economy’s level of development. Regionally, Africa shines on this count.
• Out of the 25 economies identified as outperformers – more innovative than their economies belie – eight are
from Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Regional divides persist, yet some economies harbor significant innovation potential. Latin America and the
Caribbean continue to be a region of significant imbalances with low investments in R&D and innovation.
Post-pandemic lessons
• To remain at the top, today’s innovation champions must continue to invest in novel education and
keep their countries open for business and open to the world.
• Every crisis brings opportunities and room for creative disruption. One side effect of the current crisis
has been an increased interest in innovative solutions for health, naturally, but also in areas such as
remote work, distance education, e-commerce and mobility solutions.
• The GII will track this phenomenon closely in future editions and continue to enable policy and
business leaders by fostering a better understanding and measurement of innovation

42. 2.CYBERSECURITY SPENDING TO GROW 5.6% TO $43 BN: CANALYS
• Cybersecurity spending will grow 5.6 percent — in its best case scenario — to reach $43.1 billion
in 2020, Canalys forecasts
• Cybersecurity spending covers endpoint security, network security, web and email security, data security,
and vulnerability and security analytics.
• The shift to subscriptions will shield cybersecurity from immediate IT spending cuts, but additional
expenditure will be affected for the rest of the year as organizations begin the next stage in their response
to the pandemic
• Switch from free trials to paid-for subscriptions will be a factor in maintaining cybersecurity growth. But
the mix of cost containment measures, workforce reduction and cash flow issues will result in greater
scrutiny of existing projects and smaller deals.
• Delays and cancellations of initiatives will increase, except those that enable cost reductions and secure
high-priority digital transformation initiatives,” Matthew Ball, chief analyst at Canalys, said
-infotechlead

43. 3.HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST IDEA
Premise
 I am sure that we all get into a situation where we are required to come up with a set of ideas that will
solve a specific problem that we have run into.
 The question then is how one decides which ideas deserve to be picked from the bunch of ideas that we
came up with.
 We need some sort of a framework that will allow us to decide the value of each of the idea so that we
can pick one that is most valuable.
EPIC framework
The EPIC framework that you can use to pick the idea among all the options to continue to work on.
EPIC is an acronym that stands for effective, practical, interesting and cool. Each idea gets rated on a scale
(1-5) on the following questions:
1. How effective is this idea in solving the problem that we are trying to solve?
2. How practical is the idea based on the constraints that we are operating under?
3. How interesting and cool is the idea? How much energy does the team have for the idea?

44. DFV Framework
• Another framework that is similar in some form that I
usually advocate is the Desirability, Viability and Feasibility
framework
• Create a Venn diagram like the one below. Pick up each
idea and discuss with the team on which section will the
idea fall in the Venn diagram.
• If none of the ideas are at the center of the Venn diagram, I
then recommend that we start looking at the ideas that are
desirable + feasible intersection and explore how can they
be made viable or pick the ideas at the desirable + viable
intersection and explore how can they be made feasible in
that order
In conclusion
 These are just a couple of frameworks that I think work really well. You can find a lot more frameworks for
picking the best ideas. You can decide to use multi-voting or a decision matrix analysis or a paired
comparison analysis or even a simple 2×2 matrix around effort x impact.
 What matters is not which framework you use but that you use a framework and that the framework is
decided before the actual brainstorming, so that everyone knows how the best ideas will be picked post the
brainstorming session

45. 4.FIVE FOUNDATIONS FOR BUILDING A CULTURE OF INNOVATION
If you are trying to transform an organization which is sluggish and risk averse into one which is innovative and
entrepreneurial then you have taken on a massive task. One approach is to use the Prosci ADKAR Change Management
methodology as advocated by Jeffrey Hiatt and Tim Creasey. It consists of 5 key stages.
It is critical for the leader to communicate
the need for change and the importance of
the initiative. Not once but over and over
again. Leaders at all levels must explain very
clearly why continuing the way we are is not
an option.
1.Awareness
2. Desire
The leader has to awaken desire in individuals
for the challenge of innovation. Not everyone
will react enthusiastically but to seed
innovation you need a good number of
evangelists, lateral thinkers and
experimenters. Smart managers understand
the differing motivations of their individual
reports
3. Knowledge
People need to know why
we need to innovate. They
need to know what areas
need innovation. They also
need to know how to
innovate.
4. Ability.
You do not get innovation for
free. You have to allocate time,
people and money. Innovation
needs high level sponsors who
are actively engaged in
innovation projects.. It has to
develop the ability to innovate
5. Reinforcement
Simply broadcasting the intent to change
the culture is not enough. The message
needs constant reinforcement. These
have to be treated as learning
opportunities. Unless their is constant
reinforcement of the message people will
see the initiative as another passing fad.

46. 5.PUBLIC CLOUD REVENUE TO GROW 6.3% IN 2020 — GARTNER
I. Gartner predicts public cloud revenue to grow significantly in 2020, with
Desktop-as-a-Service expected to secure the highest growth in this market as
enterprises’ need to support remote workers and cut costs.
II. Public cloud revenue is forecast to grow 6.3% in 2020 to total $257.9 billion,
up from $242.7 billion in 2019, according to Gartner.
III. Within the worldwide public cloud services market, Desktop-as-a-Service
(DaaS) is expected to have the most significant growth in 2020, increasing
95.4% to $1.2 billion
IV. “When the Covid-19 pandemic hit, there were a few initial hiccups but cloud
ultimately delivered exactly what it was supposed to,” said Sid Nag, research
vice president at Gartner.
V. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) remains the largest public cloud market
segment and is forecast to grow to $104.7 billion in 2020 (see Table 1)
VI. The second-largest market segment is cloud system infrastructure services,
or Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), which is forecast to grow 13.4% to $50.4
billion in 2020.
VII. Cloud spending in many regions is expected to grow rapidly as economies
reopen and more normal economic activity resumes, with regions such as
North America expecting to return to higher spending levels as early as 2022

47. 6.EXPLAINED: WHAT IS NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND GPT-3
 GPT-3 is like any artificial intelligence programme, just with a more extensive database.
 OpenAI last month launched the third iteration of its natural language processing software called
Generative Pretrained Transformer, GPT-3. Quite an enhancement over GPT-2, released in a testing version
last year, GPT-3 promises more functionality.
 It has a larger database than the previous iteration and offers more reliability and accuracy. GPT-3 is like any
artificial intelligence programme, just with a more extensive database
What is natural language processing?
Natural language processing is how a software or programme reads language. It first checks for grammar and
then for semantics. The more a software reads, the better it understands. So, if the information fed into the
programme increases, so does its understanding. GPT-3 has a database of 175 billion parameters
What can be done with GPT-3?
It can undoubtedly spin stories for children stories books, but what it does best is complete codes, write
headlines and tweets. More important, it can be used to query a database

48. 7.EDUCATION IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: HOW INSTITUTIONS AND STUDENTS ARE COPING
Online education is not so easy as speaking into the microphone at one end, and connecting a laptop and listening in on
the other; there are challenges faced at both ends of the spectrum
First response: Going digital
• As soon as the Covid-19 crisis broke out in India, the larger universities like Delhi University (DU) and
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) announced the suspension of classes until March 31. While others
waited to see what would happen next, they started exploring online classes.
• The universities and teachers Business Standard reached out to agreed that their transition to online
teaching had not been very difficult. However, if the lockdown continued over a longer period, some
investment in infrastructure and additional training for teachers and students would be required, they
said
Transition to digital
• Online education is conducted in two ways. The first is through the use of recorded classes, which, when
opened out to public, are referred to as Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs). The second one is via
live online classes conducted as webinars, or zoom sessions. Universities require high-speed internet and
education delivery platforms or learning management systems, besides stable IT infrastructure and
faculty members who are comfortable teaching online. Students also need high-speed internet and
computers/mobiles to attend these sessions or watch pre-recorded classes Continued ….

49. • The National Law University of Delhi was among the first to have an open MOOC among the law schools in India, and in
March, after the Covid-19 crisis broke out, it opened the course out to the public. Students can avail of study materials in
law as well as digital resources as entrusted by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and MHRD.
• The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), a project of MHRD initiated by seven Indian
Institutes of Technology (IIT), along with the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, was created in 2003 to provide online
education. The aim was to have web and video courses in engineering, sciences, and management.
Teacher’s Student’s
Online education Advantages & Disadvantages for Teachers and Students
Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
Allows innovative
methods of teaching with
the help of technology
and online tools
Inability to have a face-to-
face connect with
students and facilitate
free conversations and
mentoring
Listening to recorded and
live conversations and
working at their own
speed
Lack of free flowing
conversations, debates,
and discussions
Allows reaching out to a
large number of students
across geographies
Inability to reach all
students because of
technological limitations
No disruption in learning
because of the pandemic
Technological difficulties
related to weak devices or
access to the internet
Especially useful for
distance learning
Online teaching takes
time and practice
The ability to learn using
different online tools and
methods
Studying while living at
home, with family and
other distractions

50. 8. 10 BEST CAREER SKILLS FOR EMPLOYMENT
 Equipping yourself with new and relevant career skills is vital in today’s cut-throat competition.
 Televangelist Mike Murdock, while talking about the importance of new skills in our lives once said-
 “You will never change your life until you change something you do daily.”
Career Skills That Can Enhance Your Employment
Here are some career skills that are critical to optimizing your employability-
1) Never Quit Learning
Because you have a degree and a few years of experience in your repertoire, it doesn’t imply that you know it all.
It is one of the most important career skills that you are willing and ready to find out and learn new things consistently. In
today’s time, innovations are occurring all the times; it’s significant that you are updated well about everything latest
happening in your industry.
2) Take responsibility for your life
By incorporating this career skill, you will make yourself organized, responsible, and accountable.
Employers do not like employees who should be regularly micro-managed; instead, they prefer to see individuals who can
think for them. By being in charge of your life,
3) Adaptability towards new technologies
Technologies are continually evolving, and that is why being adaptable to new technologies is one of the crucial career
skills that you ought to possess nowadays.
You should continuously be aware of all the new technological developments in your industry. Having a general awareness
of changing trends is very crucial to ensure career growth.
4) Have prioritizing skills
In all honesty, incorporating the right career skills includes having the ability to organize and prioritize things.

51. 6) Analytical and Research Skills
Comprising analytical and research skills will empower you in not being in a rush while handling any situation, answering any
superior authority, or addressing the public.
Being able to think about every single situation, and doing needed research will make you feel confident in all the circumstances.
When you incorporate these two career skills, you will separate yourself from the other candidates.
7) Interpersonal Skills
Either it is our professional lives or personal lives, we all have to interact with different people of different creed, beliefs,
viewpoints, social standards, and thought processes. Interpersonal skill is one career skill that enables you to interact with other
individuals in a constructive, productive, and favorable manner.
Either you are part of a group, or managing customers or suppliers, your interpersonal skills will offer you the relational capacities
that are something bosses consistently search for. Having the ability to fabricate relations with everyone around you under any
conditions is basic in today’s time.
8) Problem-Solving and Decision-Making skills
A dynamic personality that has critical thinking is preferred by employers always, and to have these skills; you should have
problem-solving and decision-making skills in you.
9) Leadership skills
This one is again a very crucial career skill that will inherently empower you to stand out from the other candidates or employees.
You will be able to inspire people to make the right decision and screen their advancement in each progression. Showing solid
administration/leadership abilities is this way an upside in the contemporary world.
10) Self-Confidence
With self-confidence, you will be able to radiate an aura that can persuade others about your idea and perception.
If you want others to believe in you, you must put stock in yourself, your aptitudes and capacities. You should be sure about your
individuality, as this will let everybody consider you to be somebody that can handle and be the winner in any situation.

52. MULTIMODE DELIVERY: THE BEST WAY TO IMPART LEARNING
Digital education picked up pace with platforms like SWAYAM and PM eVidya. But when the time has come to test its
effectiveness on a grand scale, it is surprising to see governments, schools and parents alike refusing to accept screen-based
education.
 Multimode delivery: The government can enhance the draft National Education Policy (NEP) and formulate a long-
term strategy for standardizing education through a mix of online interactive, online one-way delivery (recorded
sessions) and on-premises (regular classrooms) methods.
 Online interactive: Instead of completely banning online education for kids in the lower classes, we need innovative
means to impart some form of education. While everyone hopes kids will be back in schools in full strength in the next
few months, the risk of virus infection is alarming and parents would do well to support the government in supporting
screen-based teaching.
 So, mobile internet seems to be the only way out in the near future. With over 10GB data usage per month per person,
India is among the top nations on mobile internet usage. With 5G not happening anytime soon, we need to live with poor
internet speeds. The bigger issue is the gap in internet penetration in urban and rural areas—urban penetration is 100%,
rural is less than 30%.
 It’s time to ponder why India cannot have its own Zoom-like app exclusively for education. Can’t the government task top
tech institutions to create a scalable app?
 Indian students planning for higher education in foreign countries will have to spend much lesser money in earning their
degrees as their need to be physically present on-premises will become considerably lesser
 The pandemic has provided us a great opportunity to implement multimode education delivery; now we need the right
framework.

53. MIDDLE MANAGER | MEANING, ROLE, CHALLENGES AND TIPS
 Middle managers come in between senior management and front-line supervisors/employees. They are supposed to
bridging peace and optimizing compliance in an organization.
 Frankly speaking, the job of middle managers is quite daunting and demanding both.
 From one perspective, middle managers are pulled by the centripetal power of senior administration that requests adept
and consistent execution of business strategies. In such situations, middle managers are supposed to toe the company
line.
Meaning of a Middle Manager
i. There needs to be a bridge to fill the gap between the two levels of management, viz. high level and
low level. This bridge is the middle manager.
i. These middle managers form the foundation of middle-level management. The middle managers are
below the executive management and above the team leaders.
i. They keep track of working of the team and take care that the productivity of all the teams is
maintained.
i. The middle managers are careful that the differences among the employees and the leaders do not
affect the goal to be achieved.

54. Role of Middle Managers
The VUCA (Volatility,
Uncertainty, Complexity, and
Ambiguity) world of business
operations, the continuous role
of middle managers is quite
pivotal in driving the execution
of business strategy.
Some of the key roles played by
middle managers are-
1. Channelization of strategy
2. Choosing strategic chances
3. Project Handling
4. Fostering development
5. Building hierarchical agility
Challenges of Middle Managers
Being a middle manager is a task
requiring an immense amount of
skills.
The qualifications of a middle
manager include managerial skills,
negotiation skills, and many more. As
the middle manager is a bridge
between the two levels of
management, he/she is often caught
between the devil and the deep sea.
There are some everyday worries of a
middle manager given below.
1. Having to take many meetings
2. Being the peacemakers
Tips for Middle Managers
The burden of a middle manager is one
of its kinds.
It is a combination of responsibility,
ethicality, and political correctness.
However, there are some ways which will
help you farewell at being a middle
manager. Some tips are mentioned
below.
1. Conduct a network audit
2. Do not conduct unnecessary meetings
3. Integrate the staff
4. Redefine a good day
5. Do not be disheartened with less
authority
6. Do not micromanage

55. Thank You!!!