This document discusses how materials change when exposed to heat. It describes how solids change form when heated, melting from solid to liquid. For example, ice cream melts and wax from a candle melts when heated. Materials also change in size, shape, and texture when heated. When cooled, liquids change back to solids, like how melted wax from a candle hardens again. These changes caused by heating and cooling are physical changes.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures are discussed in this presentation. High School chemistry, physical science, environmental science, earth systems, and material science students will benefit from this presentation. All essential introductory concepts are presented here.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures are discussed in this presentation. High School chemistry, physical science, environmental science, earth systems, and material science students will benefit from this presentation. All essential introductory concepts are presented here.
Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power! Everyone is encourage to share their blessings to without any hesitation. More and more blessings to come to our dearest public school teachers. Hooray and more power!
Materials can be change through many ways: cutting,
tearing, folding, twisting, bending, stretching, pressing, coloring, crumpling, melting, and others. size and shape is evident.
about freezing and melting. Changes in solid is one of the ways you can change the objects, size, shape, and appearance.
Objects/things will change to solid to liquid or liquid to solid. By melting and freezing process.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
WEEK-4-PPT.pptx
1. SCIENCE 4
Changes that Materials Undergo
When Exposed to Certain
Conditions Such As Temperature
2. Most Essential Learning Competency
Describe changes in properties of
materials when exposed to certain
conditions such as temperature or
when mixed with other materials.
(S4MTIg-h-6)
11. 5. Solid materials change their
size, shape and texture when
hammered, pressed, bent and cut.
True
12.
13. Today, you will
learn the changes
in the properties of
materials when
heated and cooled.
14. GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What happened to the materials
when heated? Why?
2. How would you describe the change/s
that happened to the material/s when
heated?
3. How would you describe the change/s
that happened to the material when
cooled?
15. UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULT WORDS
Heat
Temperature
Melting
-is a form of energy that is
transferred between two substances
at different temperatures.
– is a measure of how hot or
cold an object.
-is a process that causes a
substance to change from a
solid to a liquid.
18. A melting ice cream
Why did the ice cream
melt?
The ice cream melt
because it was exposed to
a warmer temperature.
Yes, the ice cream
changed in form ( from
solid to liquid)
Is there any change in the
appearance of the material?
19. A lighted candle
When you light
a candle, the heat of
the flame melts the
wax near the wick
then it turns the wax
into liquid. And after
some time, the wax get
cooled and turns into
solid.
24. Put a check mark if the statement is
correct and cross mark if it is not
correct.
______1. Water turns to ice when put in
the freezer overnight.
25. Put a check mark if the statement is
correct and cross mark if it is not
correct.
_____2. Wet clothes can easily dry under
the sun.
26. Put a check mark if the statement is
correct and cross mark if it is not
correct.
______3. Some materials when heated melt
and change their size only.
27. Put a check mark if the statement is
correct and cross mark if it is not
correct.
______4. Materials that melt change its form
from solid to liquid.
28. Put a check mark if the statement is
correct and cross mark if it is not
correct.
______5. Butter melts when exposed to heat.
31. When the materials are heated, they
changed their size, shape and
texture.
They also changed their forms.
When heated, the solid materials are
changed to liquid.
32. When cooled, the liquid materials
are changed to solid.
These changes are called physical
change.
34. A. Read the situation then choose
the letter of the correct answer.
Write only the letter of your
answer on your paper.
35. 1. Which set of materials melted when
exposed to high temperature?
a. margarine, bananas, rocks
b. margarine, ice, wax
c. margarine, and a chocolate chip
d. gravel and sand
36. 2. What is melting?
a. a change from liquid to solid
b. a change of smell
c. change from solid to liquid
d. a change of amount of solute
37. 3. What causes objects to melt?
a. cold c. heat
b. sound d. stirring
38. 4. When solids reach their melting
points, they become what?
a. solid c. gas
b. liquid d. matter
39. 5. Which of these will happen to water
when placed in the freezer?
a. It boils. c. It becomes ice cream.
b. It becomes ice. d.Nothing happens
40. B. Supply the missing words to
make the idea correct.
Choose your answer from the
words inside the box.
41. When a solid material like (1)___________is
heated, it absorbs heat. The heat
absorbed/added causes the material to
change its form from (2)__________ to
(3)___________. The material also changed its
(4)__________ and (5)_______________when
heated.
solid size shape
candle liquid cooled
43. 1. Which set of materials melted when
exposed to high temperature?
a. margarine, bananas, rocks
b. margarine, ice, wax
c. margarine, and a chocolate chip
d. gravel and sand
44. 2. What is melting?
a. a change from liquid to solid
b. a change of smell
c. change from solid to liquid
d. a change of amount of solute
45. 3. What causes objects to melt?
a. cold c. heat
b. sound d. stirring
46. 4. When solids reach their melting
points, they become what?
a. solid c. gas
b. liquid d. matter
47. 5. Which of these will happen to water
when placed in the freezer?
a. It boils. c. It becomes ice cream.
b. It becomes ice. d.Nothing happens
48. When a solid material like
(1)___________is heated, it absorbs heat.
The heat absorbed/added causes the
material to change its form from
(2)__________ to (3)___________. The
material also changed its (4)__________
and (5)_______________when heated.
butter
solid liquid
size
shape
49.
50.
51.
52. Abutay, Lelani R., et al.2015.Science 4. DepEd
Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City: Department
of Education.
Abutay, Lelani R., et al.2015.Science 4 Teacher’s
Guide. DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig
City: Department of Education.
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