This document defines experimental research and outlines its key characteristics and procedures. Experimental research directly manipulates a variable to test cause-and-effect relationships. It involves a comparison between an experimental group and a control group, manipulation of the independent variable, and random assignment. There are two types of experimental designs - pre-experimental and true experimental. True experimental designs use randomization and controls for threats to internal validity. The procedures for conducting experimental research include determining the research problem, writing the background, formulating research questions, and stating the aims of the study.

1. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
By
Norma Anggraeni Rahayu
6-D
102122137

2. DEFINITION
 According to Frankle, Jack R. And Norman E.
Wallen., Experimental research is unique in two
very important respects: It is the only type of
research that directly attempts to influence a
particular variable, and when properly applied, it is
the best type for testing hypotheses about cause-
and-effect relationships.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
 Comparison of Group
An experiment usually involves two groups of
subjects an experimental group and a control or
comparison group.
 Manipulation of The Independent Variable
In this characteristic, the researcher actively
manipulates the independent variables.
 Randomization
An important aspect of many experiments is the
random assignment of subjects to groups.

4. KINDS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 According to Suharsimi, Arikunto (P.123) Campbell
and Stanley divided the kinds of experimental
research into two kinds, there are; Pre
Experimental Design and True Experimental
Design.

5. KINDS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 Pre-Experimental Design
Designs that are “weak” do not have built-in
controls for threats to internal validity.
 One-Shot Case Study
 The One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
 The Static-Group Comparison
 The Static-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

6. KINDS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 True-Experimental Design
 The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group
Design
 The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group
Design
 The Randomized Solomon Four-Group Design
 Random Assignment with Matching

7. PROCEDURES
 According to Arikunto, Suharsimi, the way to make
an experiment research are:
1. Determining the problem of research
2. Writing the research Background
3. Formulating the problems
4. Formulating the Aims of the Research

8. PROCEDURES
 Determining the problem of research
Arikunto, Suharsimi says “memilih masalah penelitian adalah suatu
langkah awal dari suatu kegiatan penelitian”.
 Writing the research Background
It is important for the researcher to write the research background in
their research. It makes clear that their research appropriate to
realize.
 Formulating the problems
In the experiment research, before the researcher starts his
research, he has to start make a plan.
 Formulating the Aims of the Research
The researchers have to formulate the aims of the research