This document provides an overview of various HTML topics that will be covered in Week 3 of a course, including preformatting text, special characters, HTML escape sequences, font styling, superscripts and subscripts, iframes, and more. It includes definitions and code examples for each topic. The document is divided into two days of content, with Day 1 covering topics like blink, marquee, hex codes and colors, while Day 2 focuses on fonts, metadata with the <meta> tag, and iframes.
The document provides information on HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) including:
- HTML is used to define the structure and layout of a web page using tags like <html> and <body>
- Tags can be used to format text styles like <b> for bold, <i> for italic, and <font> for color and size
- Additional tags organize content like <h1> - <h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <br> for line breaks
This document provides information on basic HTML tags including required tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. It discusses common text formatting tags such as <p>, <h1>-<h6>, <b>, <i>, and <br>. It also covers special characters, accent marks, attributes, horizontal rules, comments, links, images, meta tags, and linking external style sheets. The largest header tag is <h1> and the special character for "greater than" is >. Attributes are used to center and align elements on the page.
The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) including:
1) HTML is a markup language used to describe web pages using tags to structure content like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images and tables.
2) Various HTML tags are described like <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <b> for bold, <i> for italic, and <a> for links.
3) Additional HTML concepts covered include internal and external CSS, meta tags, images, tables, frames, iframes and cascading style sheets (CSS) for styling content.
HTML allows users to create web pages. It uses tags to format text, add images and other multimedia, and create hyperlinks. Some key points:
- HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and standardized in 1997.
- It uses tags enclosed in angle brackets like <p> to format text into paragraphs.
- Common tags include <h1> for main headings, <img> to add images, and <a> for hyperlinks.
- Tables, lists, and forms can be added using <table>, <ul>/<ol>, and <form> tags.
- HTML pages are plain text files that can be viewed on any browser.
The document provides an overview of HTML, including:
- A brief history of HTML from its inception in 1991 to current HTML5 standards.
- An explanation of what HTML is and some of its core features like being a markup language, platform independence, and ease of formatting text.
- Descriptions of common HTML elements, tags, attributes, and how to structure a basic HTML document with tags like <html>, <head>, <body>, and use of DOCTYPE.
- Explanations of how to format and style text, add images, links, tables and use CSS for additional styling and layout.
Web Development covers HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. HTML defines the structure and layout of a web page using tags like <h1> for headings and <p> for paragraphs. Attributes provide extra information about elements, like images using the "src" attribute. Links are created with <a> tags and the "href" attribute. Frames divide pages into multiple sections using the <frameset> tag.
HTML is the most widely used language to write web pages. It is a markup language that uses tags to structure text and multimedia content. Some key HTML elements include <head>, <title>, <body>, <p>, <img>, <table>, and <div>. HTML allows embedding of images, hyperlinks, lists, tables, forms, iframes and other interactive elements to create dynamic and engaging web pages. While HTML provides structure and layout, additional technologies like CSS and JavaScript are needed for advanced formatting and interactivity.
The document provides information on HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) including:
- HTML is used to define the structure and layout of a web page using tags like <html> and <body>
- Tags can be used to format text styles like <b> for bold, <i> for italic, and <font> for color and size
- Additional tags organize content like <h1> - <h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <br> for line breaks
This document provides information on basic HTML tags including required tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. It discusses common text formatting tags such as <p>, <h1>-<h6>, <b>, <i>, and <br>. It also covers special characters, accent marks, attributes, horizontal rules, comments, links, images, meta tags, and linking external style sheets. The largest header tag is <h1> and the special character for "greater than" is >. Attributes are used to center and align elements on the page.
The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) including:
1) HTML is a markup language used to describe web pages using tags to structure content like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images and tables.
2) Various HTML tags are described like <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <b> for bold, <i> for italic, and <a> for links.
3) Additional HTML concepts covered include internal and external CSS, meta tags, images, tables, frames, iframes and cascading style sheets (CSS) for styling content.
HTML allows users to create web pages. It uses tags to format text, add images and other multimedia, and create hyperlinks. Some key points:
- HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and standardized in 1997.
- It uses tags enclosed in angle brackets like <p> to format text into paragraphs.
- Common tags include <h1> for main headings, <img> to add images, and <a> for hyperlinks.
- Tables, lists, and forms can be added using <table>, <ul>/<ol>, and <form> tags.
- HTML pages are plain text files that can be viewed on any browser.
The document provides an overview of HTML, including:
- A brief history of HTML from its inception in 1991 to current HTML5 standards.
- An explanation of what HTML is and some of its core features like being a markup language, platform independence, and ease of formatting text.
- Descriptions of common HTML elements, tags, attributes, and how to structure a basic HTML document with tags like <html>, <head>, <body>, and use of DOCTYPE.
- Explanations of how to format and style text, add images, links, tables and use CSS for additional styling and layout.
Web Development covers HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. HTML defines the structure and layout of a web page using tags like <h1> for headings and <p> for paragraphs. Attributes provide extra information about elements, like images using the "src" attribute. Links are created with <a> tags and the "href" attribute. Frames divide pages into multiple sections using the <frameset> tag.
HTML is the most widely used language to write web pages. It is a markup language that uses tags to structure text and multimedia content. Some key HTML elements include <head>, <title>, <body>, <p>, <img>, <table>, and <div>. HTML allows embedding of images, hyperlinks, lists, tables, forms, iframes and other interactive elements to create dynamic and engaging web pages. While HTML provides structure and layout, additional technologies like CSS and JavaScript are needed for advanced formatting and interactivity.
Markup language classification, designing static and dynamicAnkita Bhalla
The document discusses various markup languages used to create static and dynamic web pages. It describes how static pages are fixed and do not change, while dynamic pages can be modified at runtime through scripts. It provides details on HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side scripts for creating dynamic content. Key topics covered include using tags like <div> for layouts, <img> for images, and JavaScript for basic interactivity. The document compares the processing of static versus dynamic pages and outlines benefits of dynamic pages like personalization and database access.
The document discusses HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, attributes, and styles. It provides information on common HTML tags and attributes like <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and href, src, alt for image links and descriptions. It also covers using the style attribute to specify styles for elements, including properties for background color, text color, font, font size, and text alignment.
This document outlines an HTML 5 lecture, including:
1. An introduction to HTML elements and attributes
2. The basic structure of an HTML document with the root <html> element, <head> and <body>
3. Different types of text formatting elements for headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and emphasis.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags like <html> and <body> to mark elements in a web page like headings, paragraphs, links, images, and forms. Key HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, tables, and forms. HTML documents are made up of these basic building blocks and contain HTML tags and plain text.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. HTML uses tags like <h1> and <p> to mark up headings, paragraphs, and other elements. Web browsers read HTML documents and display them as web pages. Common HTML tags include <html> <body> <h1-h6> to define headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, and <img> to include images. HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text, and are also called web pages.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. HTML uses tags to mark elements like headings, paragraphs, links, images, and tables. Some key tags include:
<h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, <img> for images, and <table> for tables. Elements are everything between a starting and ending tag. HTML documents contain tags and plain text and are displayed in web browsers.
This document provides an overview of common text formatting tags in HTML including paragraphs (<p>), headings, emphasis (<em> and <strong>), line breaks (<br>), bold, italic, images (<img>), fonts (<font>), underlining (<u>), preformatted text (<pre>), and using the <style> tag. It describes the purpose and provides examples of each tag.
The document contains information about HTML tags and elements. It defines common tags like <h1>, <p>, <br>, and <pre> that control headings, paragraphs, breaks and preformatted text. It also covers meta tags like <head> and <title>, and describes how to style text using fonts, sizes, colors and other properties.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML and XML documents. CSS separates document content from document presentation, enabling control over elements like layout, colors, and fonts. This separation improves accessibility, flexibility, and maintenance of web pages. CSS can format pages for different rendering methods like on-screen, in print, and for speech-based browsers.
The document summarizes Workshop #2 on web development hosted by Sohail Asghar and Saad Mustafa. It covers the basics of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. For HTML, it discusses basic tags like headings, paragraphs, links, images and lists. For CSS, it explains concepts like selectors, colors, backgrounds, borders, fonts, padding, and margins. For JavaScript, it provides introductions to variables, output, data types, and more.
This document provides an overview of key HTML elements and tags used to structure and format web pages. It discusses high-level tags like <html>, <head>, and <body> that define the overall page structure. It also covers lower-level tags for text formatting, links, images, lists, forms, and tables. The document is intended to break down HTML code into its basic components and examples to explain their functions.
The document provides information on HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) files and basic HTML tags. It defines what an HTML file is, how it uses markup tags to provide structure and formatting, and how to create a simple HTML file using a text editor. It then summarizes common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and lists, and how tags are used to define these elements and format text.
The document discusses various HTML tags and CSS properties. It explains common HTML tags like <p>, <h1>-<h6>, <ul>, <ol>, <table>, and <div>. It also covers CSS concepts like selectors, types of CSS, adding color, fonts, text properties, borders, box model, padding, and margins. The document provides examples and syntax to style HTML elements using CSS.
Learn HTML and CSS in few steps . Practice an hour daily for good results in 10 days.
Here I am mentioning basic elements , attributes and tags of HTML with styling them
This document provides an overview of HTML elements and tags for creating web pages. It discusses common HTML tags like headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, forms, and tables. It also covers CSS for styling HTML elements and JavaScript for adding interactivity. The document is intended as a tutorial for learning basic HTML.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Markup language classification, designing static and dynamicAnkita Bhalla
The document discusses various markup languages used to create static and dynamic web pages. It describes how static pages are fixed and do not change, while dynamic pages can be modified at runtime through scripts. It provides details on HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side scripts for creating dynamic content. Key topics covered include using tags like <div> for layouts, <img> for images, and JavaScript for basic interactivity. The document compares the processing of static versus dynamic pages and outlines benefits of dynamic pages like personalization and database access.
The document discusses HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, attributes, and styles. It provides information on common HTML tags and attributes like <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and href, src, alt for image links and descriptions. It also covers using the style attribute to specify styles for elements, including properties for background color, text color, font, font size, and text alignment.
This document outlines an HTML 5 lecture, including:
1. An introduction to HTML elements and attributes
2. The basic structure of an HTML document with the root <html> element, <head> and <body>
3. Different types of text formatting elements for headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and emphasis.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags like <html> and <body> to mark elements in a web page like headings, paragraphs, links, images, and forms. Key HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, tables, and forms. HTML documents are made up of these basic building blocks and contain HTML tags and plain text.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. HTML uses tags like <h1> and <p> to mark up headings, paragraphs, and other elements. Web browsers read HTML documents and display them as web pages. Common HTML tags include <html> <body> <h1-h6> to define headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, and <img> to include images. HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text, and are also called web pages.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. HTML uses tags to mark elements like headings, paragraphs, links, images, and tables. Some key tags include:
<h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, <img> for images, and <table> for tables. Elements are everything between a starting and ending tag. HTML documents contain tags and plain text and are displayed in web browsers.
This document provides an overview of common text formatting tags in HTML including paragraphs (<p>), headings, emphasis (<em> and <strong>), line breaks (<br>), bold, italic, images (<img>), fonts (<font>), underlining (<u>), preformatted text (<pre>), and using the <style> tag. It describes the purpose and provides examples of each tag.
The document contains information about HTML tags and elements. It defines common tags like <h1>, <p>, <br>, and <pre> that control headings, paragraphs, breaks and preformatted text. It also covers meta tags like <head> and <title>, and describes how to style text using fonts, sizes, colors and other properties.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML and XML documents. CSS separates document content from document presentation, enabling control over elements like layout, colors, and fonts. This separation improves accessibility, flexibility, and maintenance of web pages. CSS can format pages for different rendering methods like on-screen, in print, and for speech-based browsers.
The document summarizes Workshop #2 on web development hosted by Sohail Asghar and Saad Mustafa. It covers the basics of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. For HTML, it discusses basic tags like headings, paragraphs, links, images and lists. For CSS, it explains concepts like selectors, colors, backgrounds, borders, fonts, padding, and margins. For JavaScript, it provides introductions to variables, output, data types, and more.
This document provides an overview of key HTML elements and tags used to structure and format web pages. It discusses high-level tags like <html>, <head>, and <body> that define the overall page structure. It also covers lower-level tags for text formatting, links, images, lists, forms, and tables. The document is intended to break down HTML code into its basic components and examples to explain their functions.
The document provides information on HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) files and basic HTML tags. It defines what an HTML file is, how it uses markup tags to provide structure and formatting, and how to create a simple HTML file using a text editor. It then summarizes common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and lists, and how tags are used to define these elements and format text.
The document discusses various HTML tags and CSS properties. It explains common HTML tags like <p>, <h1>-<h6>, <ul>, <ol>, <table>, and <div>. It also covers CSS concepts like selectors, types of CSS, adding color, fonts, text properties, borders, box model, padding, and margins. The document provides examples and syntax to style HTML elements using CSS.
Learn HTML and CSS in few steps . Practice an hour daily for good results in 10 days.
Here I am mentioning basic elements , attributes and tags of HTML with styling them
This document provides an overview of HTML elements and tags for creating web pages. It discusses common HTML tags like headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, forms, and tables. It also covers CSS for styling HTML elements and JavaScript for adding interactivity. The document is intended as a tutorial for learning basic HTML.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. Week 3 topic Names
Preformat
Special characters
Html escape sequences
Extra spaces
Hex-dec & color basics
Blink
Marquee
Font
Superscripts and subscripts
Tables
Meta
Frames
Floating frames
Adding forms to web page
Menu select
Text input element
Password input element
Text area input element
Radio buttons
Check boxes
Submit and reset buttons
Button
3. Week 3
Day One lecture
Preformat
Special characters
Html escape sequences
Extra spaces
Hex-dec & color basics
Blink
Marquee
4. Preformat
The HTML <pre> element defines preformatted text.
The text inside <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width
font(usually Courier), and it preserves both spaces and line
breaks.
5. Special characters
The HTML charset Attribute
To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know the character
set used in the page.
This is specified in the <meta> tag:
<meta charset="UTF-8">
From ASCII to UTF-8
ASCII was the first character encoding standard. ASCII defined 128 different
characters that could be used on the internet: numbers (0-9), English letters
(A-Z),(a-b) and some special characters like ! $ + - ( ) @ < > .
ISO-8859-1 was the default character set for HTML 4. This character set
supported 256 different character codes. HTML 4 also supported UTF-8.
7. Html escape sequences
HTML escape sequences, also known as character entity references or HTML
entities, are special codes used to represent reserved characters or symbols
in HTML. These codes ensure that the reserved characters are displayed
correctly in the browser and do not interfere with the HTML structure.
Reserved Characters: HTML uses certain characters for specific purposes,
such as `<`,`>`,`”` and `’` These characters have special meanings in
HTML, such as denoting tags, attributes, or entities. To use these characters
as regular text and prevent them from being interpreted as HTML code, we
need to escape them.
Syntax: HTML escape sequences are written using the `&`(ampersand)
symbol, followed by a specific code or name, and then terminated with a
semicolon `;` For Example,`<`represents the less-than symbol `<`, and
`>`represents the greater-than symbol `>`.
9. Extra spaces
Extra spaces in HTML refer to the additional whitespace characters, such as
spaces, tabs, or line breaks, that are present in the HTML code but do not
affect the visual layout of the webpage. These extra spaces can occur
between HTML tags, within the content of HTML elements, or even at the
beginning or end of the HTML document.
In HTML, any sequence of whitespace characters is treated as a single space
when rendering the content in a web browser. This means that multiple
consecutive spaces or line breaks will be collapsed into a single space, and
the browser will ignore the extra spaces.
<p>
This is some text
with extra spaces.
</p>
In this example, even though there are multiple spaces and line breaks within
<P> the element, the web browser will render it as
"This is some text with extra spaces."
10. Extra spaces
The extra spaces between "some" and "text," as well as between "with" and
"extra," are ignored.
While the HTML specification may not explicitly discuss the topic of "extra
spaces," it provides guidelines for handling whitespace and defines how
whitespace should be treated in different contexts.
However we handle this situation with <pre> tag. <pre> tag show output as it
is we write in it
11. HTML Colors
There are different method to apply color on Elements Normally we use these
method. HTML colors are specified with predefined color names, or with RGB,
HEX, HSL, RGBA, or HSLA values
13. Hex-dec & color basics
A hexadecimal color is specified with: #RRGGBB, where the RR (red), GG
(green) and BB (blue) hexadecimal integers specify the components of the
color
hexadecimal values between 00 and ff (same as decimal 0-255)
For example, #ff0000 is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest
value (ff), and the other two (green and blue) are set to 00
15. Blink
The <blink> HTML tag is used to enclose text to create a blinking effect.
In HTML, the "blink" property does not exist. It seems you may be referring to
the<blink> element, which was deprecated and removed from the HTML
standard.
The <blink> element was used to make text or other content on a webpage
flash on and off. However, it was widely considered to be distracting and
negatively impacted user experience. As a result, it was removed from the
HTML specification.
If you want to achieve a similar effect of blinking text, you can use CSS
animations or JavaScript to create dynamic and animated content on your
webpage. Here's an example of how you can achieve a blinking effect using
CSS animation
17. Marquee
The <marquee> tag is a container tag of HTML is implemented for creating
scrollable text or images within a web page from either left to right or vice versa,
or top to bottom or vice versa. But this tag has been deprecated in the new
version of HTML, i.e., HTML 5.
Instead, it is recommended to achieve similar effects using CSS animations or
JavaScript.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.marquee {
width: 100%;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
animation: marquee 5s linear infinite;
20. Week 3
Day 2 topics
Font
Superscripts and subscripts
Meta
Frames
Floating frames
21. Font
The` <font>`tag in HTML was used to specify the font face, size, and color of
text. However, the <font>` tag has been deprecated and is no longer
recommended for use in modern HTML. It is considered outdated and has
been replaced by CSS for styling and formatting purposes.
In modern HTML, you should use CSS to define the font properties. The CSS
`font-family`property is used to specify the font face, the` font-size`
property is used to set the font size, and the`color` property is used to
define the font color.
23. HTML <sup> Element
The HTML <sup> element defines superscript text. Superscript text
appears half a character above the normal line, and is sometimes
rendered in a smaller font. Superscript text can be used for footnotes
like WWW[1]:
24. HTML <sub> Element
The HTML <sub> element defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a
character below the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font.
Subscript text can be used for chemical formulas, like H2O:
25. Meta
In HTML, the <meta> tag is used to provide metadata or additional information
about an HTML document. Metadata describes various aspects of the document,
such as its title, author, character encoding, keywords, and description.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="description" content="This is an example HTML document.">
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, metadata, example">
<meta name="author" content="John Doe">
<title>Example HTML Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Content of the HTML document goes here -->
</body>
</html>
26. Meta
In the above example, the <meta> tags are used to specify the character
encoding of the document (UTF-8), provide a description and keywords for
search engines, and indicate the author of the document. The <title> tag sets
the title of the HTML document, which appears in the browser's title bar or
tab.
27. HTML Iframes
An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.
Iframe Syntax
An HTML iframe is defined with the <iframe> tag:
<iframe src="URL"></iframe>
The src attribute specifies the URL (web address) of the inline frame page.
Iframe - Set Height and Width
Use the height and width attributes to specify the size of the iframe.The
attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in
percent (like "80%").
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" height="200" width="300"></iframe>
28. Iframe
Iframe - Remove the Border
By default, an iframe has a border around it . To remove the border, add
the style attribute and use the CSS border property:
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" style="border:none;"></iframe>
With CSS, you can also change the size, style and color of the iframe's border:
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" style="border:2px solid grey;"></iframe>
Iframe - Target for a Link
An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.The target attribute of the
link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:
Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe>
<p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></
p>
30. Floating Frames
Floating frames, also known as floating iframes, were a deprecated feature in
HTML that allowed developers to create floating or draggable frames on a
web page. However, this feature is no longer supported in modern web
development.
Instead of floating frames, you can achieve similar effects using modern CSS
and JavaScript techniques. For example, you can use CSS positioning
properties (such as position :fixed or position : absolute) to create floating
elements on a page. JavaScript libraries like jQuery UI or custom JavaScript
code can be used to implement draggable and resizable behavior.
Here's an example of creating a floating element using CSS and JavaScript:
HTML
<div id="floating-element">
<!-- Content of the floating element -->
</div>
32. In this example, the CSS position; fixed property is used to position the
element relative to the viewport. The top,left and transform properties are
used to center the element on the screen. The JavaScript code uses the jQuery
UI library's draggeble() function to make the element draggable.
33. Table
Defining an HTML Table
An HTML table is defined with the <table> tag. Each table row
is defined with the <tr> tag. A table header is defined with
the <th> tag. By default, table headings are bold and centered.
A table data/cell is defined with the <td> tag.
35. HTML Table - Collapsed Borders
If you want the borders to collapse into one border, add the CSS border-
collapse property:
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
HTML Table - Adding Cell Padding
Cell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders.If
you do not specify a padding, the table cells will be displayed without
padding
To set the padding, use the CSS padding property:
th, td {
padding: 15px;
}
36. HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Columns
To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan attribute:
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
<td>55577854</td>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr>
</table>
HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Rows
To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute:
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
37. HTML Table - Cells that Span Many Rows
To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute:
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
<td>55577854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr>
</table>
38. HTML Table - Adding a Caption
To add a caption to a table, use the <caption> tag:
<table style="width:100%">
<caption>Monthly savings</caption>
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>February</td>
<td>$50</td>
</tr>
</table>
Note: The <caption> tag must be inserted immediately after the <table> tag
39. A Special Style for One Table
To define a special style for a special table, add an id attribute to the
table:
Example
<table id="t01">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>
table#t01 {
width: 100%;
background-color: #f1f1c1;
}
table#t01 tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #eee;
}
table#t01 tr:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: #fff;
}
table#t01 th {
color: white;
background-color: black;
}
40. Table Topic Summary
Use the HTML <table> element to define a table
Use the HTML <tr> element to define a table row
Use the HTML <td> element to define a table data
Use the HTML <th> element to define a table heading
Use the HTML <caption> element to define a table caption
Use the CSS border property to define a border
Use the CSS border-collapse property to collapse cell borders
Use the CSS padding property to add padding to cells
Use the CSS text-align property to align cell text
Use the CSS border-spacing property to set the spacing between cells
Use the colspan attribute to make a cell span many columns
Use the rowspan attribute to make a cell span many rows
Use the id attribute to uniquely define one table
41. Adding forms to web page
HTML Forms are required, when you want to collect some data from the site
visitor. For example, during user registration you would like to collect
information such as name, email address, credit card, etc.
A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end
application such as PHP script etc. The back-end application will perform
required processing on the passed data based on defined business logic inside
the application.
There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields,
drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.
The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form and it has following
syntax
<form action="Script URL" method="GET|POST">
42. Form Attributes
Attribute Description
action Backend script ready to process your passed data.
method Method to be used to upload data. The most
frequently used are GET and POST methods.
target Specify the target window or frame where the
result of the script will be displayed. It takes
values like _blank, _self, _parent etc.
enctype You can use the enctype attribute to specify how
the browser encodes the data before it sends it to
the server. Possible values are:
application/x-www-form-urlencoded - This is
the standard method most forms use in simple
scenarios.
mutlipart/form-data - This is used when you want
to upload binary data in the form of files like
image, word file etc.
43. HTML Form Controls
There are different types of form controls that you can use to collect data
using HTML form:
Text Input Controls
Checkboxes Controls
Radio Box Controls
Select Box Controls
File Select boxes
Hidden Controls
Clickable Buttons
Submit and Reset Button
44. Text Input
There are three types of text input used on forms:
Single-line text input controls - This control is used for items that require only
one line of user input, such as search boxes or names. They are created using
HTML <input> tag.
Password input controls - This is also a single-line text input but it masks the
character as soon as a user enters it. They are also created using HTMl
<input> tag.
Multi-line text input controls - This is used when the user is required to give
details that may be longer than a single sentence. Multi-line input controls
are created using HTML <textarea> tag.
45. Text input Element
This control is used for items that require only one line of user input. They
are created using HTML <input> tag.
<body>
<form>
First name:
<input type="text" name="first_name" />
<br>
Last name:
<input type="text" name="last_name" />
</form>
</body>
46. Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag
for creating text field
Attribute Description
type Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be
set totext.
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.
value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.
•.
size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of
characters.
maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter
into the text box.
47. Password input element
This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a
user enters it. They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type
attribute is set to password
<body>
<form>
User ID :
<input type="text" name="user_id" />
<br/>
Password:
<input type="password" name="password" />
</form>
</body>
48. Multiple-Line/Text area Input Element
This is used when the user is required to give details that may be longer than a single
sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Description:
<br />
<textarea rows="5" cols="50" name="description"> Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>
49. Radio buttons
Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one option is required to be selected.
They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to radio.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="maths">
Maths
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="physics">
Physics
</form>
</body>
50. Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for radio button
Attribute Description
type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to radio.
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
value.
value The value that will be used if the radio box is selected.
checked Set to checked if you want to select it by default.
.
51. Checkbox
Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to be selected. They are also
created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to checkbox. Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="maths" value="on">
Maths
<input type="checkbox" name="physics" value="on">
Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>
52. Attributes
Attributes Following is the list of attributes for <checkbox> tag.
Attribute Description
type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to
checkbox.
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.
value The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected.
checked Set to checked if you want to select it by default.
53. Button/ Submit and reset buttons
There are various ways in HTML to create clickable buttons. You can also create a clickable
button using <input> tag by setting its type attribute to button.There are three type of
button
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="Reset" />
<input type="button" name="ok" value="OK" />
<input type="image" name="imagebutton" src="logo.png" width="100" height="100"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
54. Description
Type Description
submit This creates a button that automatically submits a form.
reset This creates a button that automatically resets form controls to their initial values.
button This creates a button that is used to trigger a client-side script when the user clicks that button.
image This creates a clickable button but we can use an image as background of the button.