(Week 13)
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This document discusses accounting and engineering economy. It defines engineering economy as the systematic evaluation of the costs and benefits of technical and business projects, focusing on financial aspects and evaluating future events. Accounting is defined as identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to allow informed decisions, focusing on a firm's financial past performance. Engineering economy is aided by an understanding of accounting principles. Functions of engineering economy include developing alternatives, focusing on differences, using a consistent viewpoint, a common measurement, considering all criteria, and acknowledging uncertainty. Functions of accounting include recording all transactions, classifying, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information.
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This document discusses engineering economic analysis and its relationship to the engineering design process. It describes the seven steps of engineering economic analysis, which includes problem definition, development of alternatives, evaluation of alternatives, and recommendation. It then provides more details on two key steps: developing investment alternatives through techniques like classical brainstorming and the Nominal Group Technique, and evaluating alternatives through discounted cash flow analysis. The overall purpose is to outline the engineering economic analysis procedure and how it assists decision making within the engineering design process.
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1. Define the problem and develop alternative solutions.
2. Estimate the cash flows for each alternative over its lifetime.
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6. Make Uncertainty Explicit;
7. Revisit Your Decisions
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The final choice (decision) is among alternatives. The alternatives need to be identified and then defined for subsequent analysis.
FOCUS ON THE DIFFERENCES
Only the differences in expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision.
USE A CONSISTENT VIEWPOINT
The prospective outcomes of the alternatives, economic and other, should be consistently developed from a defined viewpoint (perspective).
USE A COMMON UNIT OF MEASURE
Using a common unit of measurement to enumerate as many of the prospective outcomes as possible will make easier the analysis and comparison of alternatives.
CONSIDER ALL RELEVANT CRITERIA
Selection of a preferred alternative (decision making) requires the use of a criterion (or several criteria). The decision process should consider the outcomes enumerated in the monetary unit and those expressed in some other unit of measurement or made explicit in a descriptive manner.
MAKE UNCERTAINTY EXPLICIT
Uncertainty is inherent in projecting (or estimating) the future outcomes of the alternatives and should be recognized in their analysis and comparison.
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Improved decision making results from an adaptive process; to the extent practicable, the initial projected outcomes of the selected alternative should be subsequently compared with actual results achieved.
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Feasibilitty study
A feasibility study evaluates the viability of a new business idea or expansion by examining its economic, financial, technical, legal, market and management aspects. It helps determine if an idea can generate adequate profits and cash flow while withstanding risks. The objectives are to answer if the project is feasible and should proceed. A feasibility study report includes defining the problem/opportunity, project description, expected benefits, resource needs and alternatives. It provides valuable information for deciding whether to move forward with a project idea.
المحاضرة الأولى في مقرر الاقتصاد الهندسي، جامعة اليرموك الخاصة، دمشق، 9 تشرين...
1. Define the problem and develop alternative solutions.
2. Estimate the cash flows for each alternative over its lifetime.
3. Select evaluation criteria such as net present value or internal rate of return.
4. Analyze and compare the alternatives using the chosen criteria to identify the preferred option.
5. Monitor the performance of the selected alternative and reevaluate the decision.
Sample contents of a completed feasibility study
This feasibility study examines the viability of a new business venture. It includes sections on marketing, competition, management needs, and financial projections. The technical, production, and economic analyses determine if the required resources and market demand exist to make the business successful. The conclusion recommends whether or not the venture is feasible based on the comprehensive analysis in the study.
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1. Develop the Alternatives;
2. Focus on the Differences;
3. Use a Consistent Viewpoint;
4. Use a Common Unit of Measure;
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6. Make Uncertainty Explicit;
7. Revisit Your Decisions
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Only the differences in expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision.
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The prospective outcomes of the alternatives, economic and other, should be consistently developed from a defined viewpoint (perspective).
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المحاضرة الأولى في مقرر الاقتصاد الهندسي، جامعة اليرموك الخاصة، دمشق، 9 تشرين...
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Balance Scorecard Presentation - Group 4 MM Trisakti 2018
The document provides an overview of the Balance Scorecard strategy and implementation for a company group. It discusses key concepts of the Balance Scorecard including its introduction, strategic objectives, development, implementation, benefits, and future opportunities. It also includes a case study of Balance Scorecard implementation at PT. Citilink Indonesia airline. The Balance Scorecard helped align the company's activities to its vision, improve performance monitoring, and increased competitiveness through financial, customer, internal process, and learning & growth perspectives.
Strategic cost management
Cost-benefit analysis is used to determine if a planned action will have positive or negative outcomes. It quantifies all the benefits and costs to calculate the net impact. Some key applications include deciding whether to hire additional staff, purchase new equipment, or invest cash. A proper cost-benefit analysis involves identifying and monetizing all relevant costs and benefits to help make efficient decisions.
Lect-2-MS-416.pptx
The document outlines the principles of engineering economy as follows:
1. There are seven principles that provide a comprehensive methodology for engineering economics: develop alternatives, focus on differences, use a consistent viewpoint, use a common unit of measure, consider all relevant criteria, make risk and uncertainty explicit, and revisit decisions.
2. An engineering economy study uses a structured seven-step procedure and mathematical modeling to analyze alternatives, select a preferred option, develop outcomes and cash flows, select evaluation criteria, and monitor performance.
3. Spreadsheets are a useful tool for engineering economic analysis as they allow for structured, repetitive calculations through formulas and accommodate changing parameters, documentation needs, and graphical output requirements.
K6201 presentation v3
This document summarizes a case study on the impact of knowledge management practices on the financial performance of a large multinational law firm. The study found that implementing KM practices improved the firm's financial performance. Specifically, the study identified that the key drivers for increased fee income were the value perception of KM among lawyers and the ease of using knowledge systems. Additionally, providing personal services from the KM team was found to be the most important factor in improving lawyers' value perception of KM. The results supported the law firm's assumption that investing in KM can positively impact the income of professional service firms.
ISM ppt unit 2 sem5 bba gibs mr jasjeet singh
This document discusses cost benefit analysis (CBA). It defines CBA as a process that analyzes systems or projects to maximize benefits. A CBA estimates all costs and potential profits of a business decision. It identifies tangible and intangible costs, as well as fixed, variable, direct and indirect costs. It also identifies monetary and nonmonetary benefits. The document provides an example CBA of a hospital expanding operations. It calculates costs and benefits to determine if the decision's benefits outweigh its costs. Finally, it discusses considering both quantitative and qualitative factors in a CBA.
Management Accounting
Financial and Management Accounting - Unit II (Definition, Objectives, Importance, Framework and Tools & Techniques of MA)
financial management project- ratio analysis
This document is a project report submitted by Miss Yogita Savarmal Varma to the University of Mumbai for an M.Com degree. The report analyzes the financial ratios of Idea Cellular Ltd for the academic year 2016-2017 under the guidance of Prof. Karim. The report includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements, a table of contents, an introduction to financial management and ratio analysis, an introduction to Idea Cellular Ltd, financial statements of Idea Cellular Ltd, calculations of various financial ratios, and a conclusion.
Business Analysis and Reporting.pptx
Business analysis and reporting refer to a comprehensive process of developing solutions to translate high-level business needs into actionable requirements.
Business analysis and reporting are two critical activities every business works on daily. Even though they’re separate activities, they’re deeply intertwined.
Report on the Financial Ratios and IT Industry Analysis
This report is the detailed Ratio analyses of Tech Mahindra and Infosys and are immensely helpful in making a comparative of the financial statement for several years.
The analysis shows the company financial position is very secure. It is observed that most of the ratios are as per the industry standard.
It has been also been observed that in most of the ratio likes EPS, Book Value, Dividend Per share, PBITA Margin, ROE etc., Infosys Ltd. is doing better than the Tech Mahindra which shows Infosys Ltd. is much more stable as compared with the Tech Mahindra and in turn can provide more returns to Shareholders / Investors.
The empirical results reveal that the dividend payout policies of Tech Mahindra and Infosys Ltd. are significant and strong positively correlated with leverage. Tech Mahindra and Infosys ltd. are significant and strong positively correlated with provision for Taxation.
The Technology has been changing at the rapid space and it demands to invest in new technologies like cloud computing, mobility and analytics, Big Data and innovation which will provide tremendous opportunities. The customer demands are more dynamic which require more technological work force. The companies need to take the proactive steps in moving Digital and building the competency for new technologies where there are huge opportunities to grow.
minor project on ratio analysis of "......"
This document is a project report submitted by [NAME] to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report focuses on ratio analysis of a particular industry and includes chapters on the introduction, research methodology, industry overview, company profile, theoretical perspective on ratio analysis, findings and analysis, and conclusions and recommendations. The introduction provides an overview of the study and its objectives, scope, significance and limitations. The research methodology chapter outlines the statement of the research problem, data collection process, presentation tools used, and research tools.
Similar to (Week 13) (20)
Balance Scorecard Presentation - Group 4 MM Trisakti 2018
Balance Scorecard Presentation - Group 4 MM Trisakti 2018
Report on the Financial Ratios and IT Industry Analysis
Report on the Financial Ratios and IT Industry Analysis
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Workbreakdownstructureppt 130410021152-phpapp02
The document discusses the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) process which divides complex projects into smaller, more manageable tasks. A WBS breaks down projects into deliverable components that can be estimated, scheduled, and monitored more easily. It provides a framework for cost estimating, schedule development, and control. Developing a WBS involves identifying deliverables, decomposing high-level tasks, and assigning responsibilities to ensure all work is captured accurately. The WBS helps define project scope, assign roles, track progress, and manage costs and risks.
Automatic door using arduino
code for this project
int in1 = 2;
int in2 = 3;
int sensor = 8;
int led = 13;
void setup()
{
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensor, INPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
//digitalWrite(sensor,LOW);
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
while(millis()<13000)
{
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
delay(500);
}
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,HIGH);
}
void loop()
{
if(digitalRead(sensor)==HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(in1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
delay(1500);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
delay(1500);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
}
}
Importance of coal water slurry
This document discusses the importance of coal water slurry as an energy solution. It notes problems like energy crises and high demand that need to be addressed. Coal water slurry is presented as the best solution because it is a competitive, abundant, and low-cost fuel source with efficient and low-risk properties compared to other energy solutions. The document calls for actions like planning, research, and adopting clean coal technologies to take advantage of coal water slurry.
(Week 15)
The income statement summarizes a company's financial performance over an accounting period by showing revenues earned and expenses incurred, allowing one to calculate profit or loss. It displays revenues, then less cost of goods sold to get gross profit, then less total operating expenses to get operating profit or loss, then other income/expenses to get net income or loss, which impacts retained earnings. The format is that profit or loss equals revenues minus expenses.
(Week 14)
The balance sheet discloses an entity's assets, liabilities, and owners' equity at a point in time. It shows what the entity owns and owes, and the owners' claims. The basic elements are assets, which are resources controlled; liabilities, which are probable obligations to transfer assets or provide services; and owners' equity, which is the owners' claim on assets. Assets equal liabilities plus owners' equity. Assets are classified as current, meant to be consumed within a year, or noncurrent. Current assets include cash, receivables, and inventory. Noncurrent assets include property, plant and equipment. Liabilities are also current, meant to be paid within a year, or noncurrent. Current
(Week 12)
This document discusses benefit-cost analysis for evaluating public projects. It notes that benefit-cost analysis is commonly used to evaluate public projects. It identifies some key difficulties in public project analysis, including identifying all users that benefit, identifying all benefits and costs, quantifying benefits and costs, and selecting an appropriate discount rate. The document also provides definitions for benefit-cost ratio and equivalent capital investment and operation and maintenance costs.
(Week 11)
This document discusses break even analysis, which examines the relationship between changes in volume, total sales revenue, expenses, and net profit. It is also known as cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis. Break even analysis is an important short-term planning and decision making tool. It can be used to determine the break even point, or number of units that must be sold to cover fixed costs. The margin of safety and contribution per unit are also key concepts. The document provides examples to demonstrate how to calculate the break even point and sales level required to generate a target profit using the break even formula and contribution per unit.
(Week 10)
The document discusses the Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR), which is the minimum return a company will accept on an investment. It provides an example calculation of MARR using different funding sources. MARR is used to evaluate projects in capital budgeting, which involves decisions about acquiring and allocating resources for future goods and services. MARR can be calculated in different ways, such as based on a company's cost of debt, cost of equity, or as an opportunity cost in capital rationing situations where funds are limited. The document outlines standards for high, moderate, and low risk MARR levels.
(Week 9)
This document discusses various topics related to inflation including:
1. Definitions of inflation and different types of inflation such as creeping, walking, running, and hyper inflation.
2. Causes of inflation such as increasing the money supply, income growth, government spending, and oil prices.
3. Effects of inflation on various groups like farmers, wage earners, and businesses.
4. Related concepts like deflation, stagflation, recessionary gap, and inflationary gap.
5. Definitions of labor force, unemployment, and different types of unemployment.
6. How unemployment rate is calculated.
(Week 8)
This document discusses replacement analysis for existing assets. It defines key terms like defender, which refers to the existing asset, and challenger, which refers to potential replacement options. Reasons for replacing an existing asset include reduced performance over time, changing requirements, and obsolescence due to new technologies. The document provides details on how to evaluate the existing asset versus replacement options, including factors to consider like maintenance costs, reliability, and budget constraints. The goal of replacement analysis is to determine when an existing asset should be replaced and with what alternative.
(Week 7)
This document discusses depreciation and taxes. It defines depreciation as the decline in value of an asset due to factors like wear and tear. There are different methods of calculating depreciation like the straight line method. Taxes are financial charges imposed by governments to fund public expenditures. The main types of taxes discussed are income tax, charged on earnings; property tax, charged on land ownership; sales tax, charged on goods and services; excise duty, charged on manufactured goods; and custom duty, charged on imported/exported goods. The purpose of taxes is to generate revenue for government activities.
(Week 6)
The document discusses methods for evaluating investment projects, including payback period, internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). It defines payback period as the time required to recover the original investment. IRR is defined as the discount rate that sets the net present value of all cash flows from a project equal to zero. It helps determine the yield on an investment. The document explains how to calculate IRR by setting the NPV equal to zero and solving for the discount rate. It recommends using IRR to evaluate projects, with higher IRRs indicating better projects, and discusses how IRR and NPV can sometimes provide conflicting recommendations for mutually exclusive projects.
(Week 5)
This document discusses cash flow analysis and the three main financial statements: the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It provides details on the components of the cash flow statement, including cash flows from investing, financing, and operating activities. Cash flows from investing include purchases/sales of assets, while financing cash flows include funds raised/used for securities. Operating cash flows reflect the impact of business transactions. The document was written by Muhammad Irfan from Sarhad University in Peshawar.
(Week 4)
The document discusses Net Present Value (NPV) as a capital budgeting decision tool. It provides an example to illustrate NPV calculation. The key points are:
1) NPV is defined as the present value of the cash flows from an investment minus the initial investment cost.
2) In the example, constructing a building with $400,000 certain sale price in a year has an NPV of $23,832 when the land costs $50,000, construction costs $300,000, and the discount rate is 7%.
3) Projects with positive NPV should be accepted as they are expected to increase firm value and owner wealth. NPV directly measures how well a project meets the
(Week 3)
The document discusses interest and economic equivalence. It provides examples and formulas for calculating simple interest, including examples of calculating interest earned on investments and interest paid on loans. It also discusses establishing economic equivalence between cash flows of different amounts that have the same economic value when discounted at an appropriate interest rate. For example, depositing $2,042 today at 8% interest would be equivalent to having $3,000 in 5 years.
(Week 2)
This document discusses engineering cost and cost estimating. It covers various types of costs like material, labor, expenses, fixed, variable, total, marginal, average, explicit, implicit, sunk and opportunity costs. It also discusses cost estimating, noting that it is important for evaluation and decision making. There are three types of estimates: rough order of magnitude estimates, semi-detailed estimates, and detailed estimates. Basic cost estimation tools include analogous estimates based on previous similar projects, bottom-up estimates of individual work items summed together, parametric modeling using mathematical models, and computerized tools like spreadsheets.
(Week 1)
This document discusses engineering economics and rational decision making. It introduces engineering economics as a way for engineers to properly formulate, estimate, and evaluate the economic outcomes of alternatives when making decisions on projects with limited capital funds. Rational decision making is explained as a nine step process that involves recognizing problems, defining goals, identifying alternatives, selecting criteria, modeling outcomes, and choosing the best alternative. The document recommends the 9th or 10th edition of the textbook "Engineering Economic Analysis" by Donald G. Newman, Ted G. Eschenbash, and Jerome P. Lavella as a resource to understand these economic concepts important for engineers.
Transmission modes
The document discusses three main transmission modes: parallel transmission, serial transmission, and asynchronous transmission. Parallel transmission uses multiple lines to transmit multiple bits simultaneously, allowing for faster transmission but requiring more expensive infrastructure. Serial transmission transmits bits one at a time over a single line, making it less expensive but slower. Asynchronous transmission adds start and stop bits between characters to allow synchronization without precise timing, while synchronous transmission requires exact timing but can achieve higher speeds.
Osi model
The document discusses the OSI Reference Model, which divides networking functions into 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. Each layer has distinct responsibilities and provides services to the layer above it. The model was developed by ISO to standardize network communication and ensure compatibility between different systems.
Ch3 4 v1
This document discusses data rate limits in communications. It covers:
1. Data rate depends on bandwidth, signal levels, and channel noise.
2. Nyquist's theorem gives the maximum bit rate for a noiseless channel based on bandwidth and number of signal levels. Shannon's theorem calculates capacity for noisy channels based on bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
3. Examples show calculating bit rates and required signal levels using Nyquist and Shannon's formulas for different channel scenarios.
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Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
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Confirmation of Payee (CoP) is a vital security measure adopted by financial institutions and payment service providers. Its core purpose is to confirm that the recipient’s name matches the information provided by the sender during a banking transaction, ensuring that funds are transferred to the correct payment account.
Confirmation of Payee was built to tackle the increasing numbers of APP Fraud and in the landscape of UK banking, the spectre of APP fraud looms large. In 2022, over £1.2 billion was stolen by fraudsters through authorised and unauthorised fraud, equivalent to more than £2,300 every minute. This statistic emphasises the urgent need for robust security measures like CoP. While over £1.2 billion was stolen through fraud in 2022, there was an eight per cent reduction compared to 2021 which highlights the positive outcomes obtained from the implementation of Confirmation of Payee. The number of fraud cases across the UK also decreased by four per cent to nearly three million cases during the same period; latest statistics from UK Finance.
In essence, Confirmation of Payee plays a pivotal role in digital banking, guaranteeing the flawless execution of banking transactions. It stands as a guardian against fraud and misallocation, demonstrating the commitment of financial institutions to safeguard their clients’ assets. The next time you engage in a banking transaction, remember the invaluable role of CoP in ensuring the security of your financial interests.
For more details, you can visit https://technoxander.com.
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“Amidst Tempered Optimism” Main economic trends in May 2024 based on the results of the New Monthly Enterprises Survey, #NRES
On 12 June 2024 the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) held an online event “Economic Trends from a Business Perspective (May 2024)”.
During the event, the results of the 25-th monthly survey of business executives “Ukrainian Business during the war”, which was conducted in May 2024, were presented.
The field stage of the 25-th wave lasted from May 20 to May 31, 2024. In May, 532 companies were surveyed.
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✅ More survey results in the presentation.
✅ Video presentation: https://youtu.be/4ZvsSKd1MzE
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https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
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一比一原版宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证(UPenn毕业证书)学历如何办理
挂科购买【微信号:176555708】【挂科购买(UPenn毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
What Lessons Can New Investors Learn from Newman Leech’s Success?
Newman Leech's success in the real estate industry is based on key lessons and principles, offering practical advice for new investors and serving as a blueprint for building a successful career.
1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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(Week 13)
- 2. ACCOUNTING & ENGINEERING ECONOMY MUHAMMAD IRFAN Assistant Professor, Sarhad University, Peshawar.
- 3. ACCOUNTING & ENGINEERING ECONOMY Engineering economy. The systematic evaluation of the costs and benefits of proposed technical and business projects and ventures. Focuses on the financial aspects of projects. Evaluating and predicting future events. Accounting . The process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgment and decision by user of the information. Focuses on the financial aspects of firms. Evaluating past performance.
- 4. ACCOUNTING & ENGINEERING ECONOMY The practice of engineering economy will be easier with a basic understanding of some accounting principles. Based on the results of accounting outcomes management allocates Resources to projects. Evaluates unit and firm performance. Selects and directs personnel.
- 5. FUNCTION OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY Develop the alternatives. The decision ( choice ) is among alternatives. The feasible alternatives need to be identified and then defined for subsequent analysis Focus on the differences of the alternatives. Only the differences in the expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision. Use a consistent view point for all the alternatives. The prospective outcomes of the feasible alternatives, economic and other, should be developed from a consistent and defined view point
- 6. FUNCTION OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY Use a common unit of measurement for comparison among alternatives . Using a common unit of measurement to enumerate as many of the prospective outcomes as possible will make easier the analysis and comparison of the feasible alternatives Consider all relevant criteria. Considering all relevant criteria, selection of preferred alternatives is done Make uncertainty explicit. Uncertainty is inherent Review your decisions Improved decision making results from an adoptive process
- 7. FUNCTION OF ACCOUNTING Recording of all financial transactions. Journal Classifying. Ledger Summarizing. Trial Balance, Income Statement (Profit & Loss Account), Balance Sheet (Assets & Liabilities)
- 8. FUNCTION OF ACCOUNTING Analysis and Interpreting. Ratio Analysis Communicating . Ratios, Graphs, Diagrams etc.
- 10. Thank You…