The document discusses the history and development of the internet and world wide web. It begins by outlining the early concepts of packet networking that originated in the 1950s and 1960s, and the development of early packet switched networks like ARPANET. It then discusses how Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web in 1989 while working at CERN, in order to help scientists better share information. Finally, it provides a list of 10 main uses of the internet today, including email, downloading, online searching, booking tickets, online shopping, social networking, online banking, data sharing, freelancing, and more.

1. TOPIC: HISTORY THE INTERNET AND THE
WORLD WIDE WEB
NAME: MOHAMED ABDI MOHAMED
ID: 09111500008
INTAKE: AUGUST
SUBJECT: IT APPLICATION
LECTURER: MS SHANGEETAVAANI
KANNAPIRAN

2. History of the internet
The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the
1950s. Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science
laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.[1] The US Department
of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network systems,
including the development of the ARPANET (which would become the first network to
use the Internet Protocol). The first message was sent over the ARPANET from
computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California,
Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, NPL network, CYCLADES, Merit
Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using
a variety of communications protocols.[2] Donald Davies first designed a packet-
switched network at the National Physics Laboratory in the UK, which became a testbed
for UK research for almost two decades.[3][4] The ARPANET project led to the
development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could
be joined into a network of networks.
How the internet works
Even though the Internet is still a young technology, it's hard to imagine life without it
now. Every year, engineers create more devices to integrate with the Internet. This
network of networks crisscrosses the globe and even extends into space. But what
makes it work?

3. To understand the Internet, it helps to look at it as a system with two main components.
The first of those components is hardware. That includes everything from the cables
that carry terabits of information every second to the computer sitting in front of you.
Other types of hardware that support the Internet include routers, servers, cell phone
towers, satellites, radios, smartphones and other devices. All these devices together
create the network of networks. The Internet is a malleable system -- it changes in little
ways as elements join and leave networks around the world. Some of those elements
may stay fairly static and make up the backbone of the Internet. Others are more
peripheral.
These elements are connections. Some are end points -- the computer, smartphone or
other device you're using to read this may count as one. We call those end points
clients. Machines that store the information we seek on the Internet are servers. Other
elements are nodes which serve as a connecting point along a route of traffic. And then
there are the transmission lines which can be physical, as in the case of cables and
fiber optics, or they can be wireless signals from satellites, cell phone or 4G towers, or
radios.
All of this hardware wouldn't create a network without the second component of the
Internet: the protocols. Protocols are sets of rules that machines follow to complete
tasks. Without a common set of protocols that all machines connected to the Internet
must follow, communication between devices couldn't happen. The various machines
would be unable to understand one another or even send information in a meaningful
way. The protocols provide both the method and a common language for machines to
use to transmit data.
The World Wide Web (WWW.)
Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist. He was born in London, and his
parents were early computer scientists, working on one of the earliest computers.
Growing up, Sir Tim was interested in trains and had a model railway in his bedroom.
He recalls:

4. “I made some electronic gadgets to control the trains. Then I ended up getting more
interested in electronics than trains. Later on, when I was in college I made a computer
out of an old television set.”
After graduating from Oxford University, Berners-Lee became a software engineer at
CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come
from all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir Tim noticed that they were having
difficulty sharing information.
“In those days, there was different information on different computers, but you had to
log on to different computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to learn a different
program on each computer. Often it was just easier to go and ask people when they
were having coffee…” Tim says.

5. The use of internet
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide.
The Internet has many uses including sending and receiving emails, online chatting,
video conferencing, and the transferring various files and documents. The Internet is
also an open communication channel that allows individuals the option to apply for jobs,
or shop for essential items.

6. Main uses of internet in our days
1. Checking emails
It is reported that the first thing that 90 % of Internet users do when they connected to
the net is to check if they have received any emails. Internet has drastically changed the
mail pattern and has made it incredibly fast.
2. Download
It is hard to find an Internet user, who has not used it to download music and movies.
Apart from it, there are lots of other things that can be downloaded using internet as
well.
3. Search for Relevant Information
If you are not sure about something, then one of the easiest way to know more about it
is by searching it on internet. Internet has got a huge database of information on almost
every subject and one can easily find out lots of information on any topic using internet.
4. Book Tickets
Online booking has made things really easy. Be it a movie ticket or flight ticket, you can
book just about anything using Internet. The process is very easy, convenient and
super-fast.
5. Shop Online
The use of internet is not limited merely to booking tickets. With help of net, you can do
a full-fledged online shopping. On popular e-stores like Ebay, Amazon etc., one can find
almost anything that he needs to buy. These e-stores are reliable and you can find

7. quality products at most competitive rates on them; and all this can be done without
even stepping out of your home!
6. Make Friends
–One of the best things about internet is that is has made communication very easy and
convenient. World is a small place now and one can get connected to just about any
part of the world without any problem. There are many sites and forums on net, where
you can find likeminded people and make friends with them. All this is possible only due
to internet.
7. Socialize
Social networks have got really big since last decade. Facebook and Twitter are the
new online hangouts of net-izens and who likes to share all the latest happening of their
life on these social networks and keep their profile duly updated. Now it is possible to be
in touch with all of your friends and relatives, however big they may count in numbers
and all this is possible due to social networks, which acts as a very convenient and
effective platform for online socialization.
8. E Banking
Banking was never so easy and convenient before! Right from opening an account to
operating it, E-Banking has really been a big boon for everyone. Not only can one view
his account activities but he can also execute online transactions from the comfort of the
home.
9. Data Sharing
Data sharing was never so easy and quick before! It doesn’t matter, if you have to send
a file or song, a picture or an eBook, with help of internet, you can send just about
anything at anywhere and that too, in no time!

8. 10. Online Freelancer
Internet has also created great opportunities for people who are interested in working
online as freelancers. Be it writing or web designing, e-commerce or entrepreneurship,
now it is possible for everyone to show off his talent online and make a living out of it.
Millions of freelancers make their living online and this number is increasing
substantially every year.

9. REFERENCES
World Wide Web foundation; history of web, Sir Tim Berners. 1989
Internet architecture; internet basics, Jonathan Strickland. 2010
Science & Technology; uses of internet. 2015