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The document discusses MP3 music files and related topics including File Transfer Protocol (FTP), MP3 format, copyright, and CDs. It provides details on how FTP is used to exchange files over networks, how MP3 is a patented digital audio format using lossy compression, the exclusive rights copyright provides to authors, and how CDs store up to 80 minutes of audio data.
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FTP is a standard network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over a network. MP3 is a patented digital audio format that uses lossy data compression. Copyright gives the author exclusive rights over their original work for a set period of time. A CD is an optical disc that was originally developed to store music but can also store other digital data.
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The document discusses various devices used for handling information. It describes how information technology uses computers and software to manage information. It then discusses different communication methods like oral, written, and body language communication. It also discusses different storage devices like floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, optical disks, solid state drives, USB flash drives, and memory cards. These storage devices are used to store data permanently in computers and are classified as removable or non-removable depending on whether the stored data can be removed or not.
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CDs were originally able to store more data than computer hard drives but hard drives now far exceed CD capacity. By 2007, over 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide, though sales have declined as digital storage and distribution has increased. CD pros include not being able to crash and easy use, while cons are being scratchable and having a small storage capacity. MP3s use lossy compression to reduce file sizes but also reduce audio quality somewhat. MP3 pros are small file sizes and wide compatibility, while a con is potential quality loss. WAV files are uncompressed to maintain high quality but have very large file sizes, making them good for mastering but worse for storage and importing multiple files.
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MP3 music files use algorithms to shrink file sizes while maintaining CD-quality sound. MP3 players are portable devices that store and play compressed audio files like MP3s using various types of memory. Ripping is the process of copying audio from media like CDs to a hard drive in compressed formats like MP3. Copyright law gives creators exclusive rights over their work for a set time period before it enters the public domain.
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Fixed hard disks are used for online storage and access of operating systems and files on computer networks. Portable hard disks can store large files for transport but are more expensive than other removable media. Magnetic tapes provide large storage capacity for backups but have slower speeds and use serial access. CDs and DVDs provide portable storage for large files up to several gigabytes, with DVDs storing larger files than CDs. CD-ROMs/DVD-ROMs prevent accidental deletion of stored data. CD-Rs and DVD-Rs allow single-time burning of data like music or movies while CD-RWs and DVD-RWs allow rewriting data over old data, suitable for updating files. DVD-RAMs can be
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The document discusses various types of secondary storage devices. It describes floppy disks, hard disks, optical disks, solid-state storage, internet drives, magnetic tape, and mass storage devices. It explains the characteristics and capabilities of each type of storage including capacity, access speed, portability and applications used. The document also discusses technologies for improving hard disk performance and emerging technologies that could store an entire life's data on a single disk in the future.
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FTP is a standard network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over a network. MP3 is a patented digital audio format that uses lossy data compression. Copyright gives the author exclusive rights over their original work for a set period of time. A CD is an optical disc that was originally developed to store music but can also store other digital data.
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The document discusses various devices used for handling information. It describes how information technology uses computers and software to manage information. It then discusses different communication methods like oral, written, and body language communication. It also discusses different storage devices like floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, optical disks, solid state drives, USB flash drives, and memory cards. These storage devices are used to store data permanently in computers and are classified as removable or non-removable depending on whether the stored data can be removed or not.
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MP3 music files use algorithms to shrink file sizes while maintaining CD-quality sound. MP3 players are portable devices that store and play compressed audio files like MP3s using various types of memory. Ripping is the process of copying audio from media like CDs to a hard drive in compressed formats like MP3. Copyright law gives creators exclusive rights over their work for a set time period before it enters the public domain.
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Fixed hard disks are used for online storage and access of operating systems and files on computer networks. Portable hard disks can store large files for transport but are more expensive than other removable media. Magnetic tapes provide large storage capacity for backups but have slower speeds and use serial access. CDs and DVDs provide portable storage for large files up to several gigabytes, with DVDs storing larger files than CDs. CD-ROMs/DVD-ROMs prevent accidental deletion of stored data. CD-Rs and DVD-Rs allow single-time burning of data like music or movies while CD-RWs and DVD-RWs allow rewriting data over old data, suitable for updating files. DVD-RAMs can be
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This presentation helps to understand easily storage devices with interactive look with a easy and efficient way. It may reduce the hurdles which are usually comes while we are trying to listen or understand the overall structure of Storage Devices.
Hope it may help you in your Educational and professional life.
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This document contains a glossary of terms related to sound design and production for computer games. It defines terms such as foley artistry, sound libraries, audio file formats like .wav and .mp3, audio limitations including mono and stereo sound, audio recording systems such as compact discs, MIDI, audio sampling concepts like bit depth and sample rate, and other sound design tools and methods. For each term, it provides a short definition from an online source and describes how the term relates to the author's own production practice for their games design coursework.
IG2 Task 1 Work Sheet
Kyle Fielding produced a glossary of terms related to sound design and production for a games design course. The glossary contains definitions for terms like Foley artistry, sound libraries, audio file formats like .wav and .aiff, lossy compression formats like .mp3, audio hardware limitations such as sound processor units and digital sound processors, and audio techniques including mono, stereo, and surround sound. Kyle explained how each term is relevant to his own production practice, such as using sound libraries to organize sounds and common file formats when saving and opening files.
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Week14
The document discusses different components of corporate firewalls:
Firewalls prevent unauthorized access to a company's network from outside networks like the Internet. They monitor data flowing in and out and intercept unjust access.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows sending and receiving files between machines remotely over the Internet.
A bastion host is a hardened computer located outside the firewall that withstands attacks and typically hosts a single application like a proxy server.
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between clients and other servers, evaluating requests according to filtering rules and sometimes altering or serving requests without contacting the actual server.
Web Presen
A firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized access to a company's computer network from the outside. It monitors data flowing in and out and intercepts unjust access. A bastion host is a specially hardened computer located in the DMZ or outside the firewall that hosts a single application like a proxy server and has all other services removed or limited. A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests from clients to external servers by evaluating requests according to filtering rules and optionally altering requests or responses.
Week14
The document discusses different components of corporate firewalls:
Firewalls prevent unauthorized access to a company's network from outside networks like the Internet. They monitor data flowing in and out and intercept unjust access.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows sending and receiving files between machines remotely over the Internet.
A bastion host is a hardened computer located outside the firewall that withstands attacks and typically hosts a single application like a proxy server.
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between clients and other servers, evaluating requests according to filtering rules and sometimes altering or serving requests without contacting the actual server.
Web Presen
A firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized access to a company's computer network from the outside. It monitors data flowing in and out and intercepts unjust access. A bastion host is a specially hardened computer located in the DMZ or outside the firewall that hosts a single application like a proxy server and has all other services removed or limited. A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests from clients to external servers by evaluating requests according to filtering rules and optionally altering requests or responses.
Web Presen
A firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized access to a company's computer network from the outside. It monitors data flowing in and out and intercepts unjust access. A bastion host is a specially hardened computer located in the DMZ or outside the firewall that hosts a single application like a proxy server and has all other services removed or limited. A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests from clients to external servers by evaluating requests according to filtering rules and optionally altering requests or responses.
Web Presen
The document discusses several topics related to using an intranet within a company, including firewalls, HTML, CGI, and intranets. It provides definitions and descriptions of each topic. Firewalls are defined as systems that prevent unauthorized access to computer networks from outside. HTML is used to describe the structure and appearance of documents. CGI scripts allow adding forms and user-defined content to web pages. An intranet is a private network, usually within a company, that uses internet protocols but is not accessible from the public internet. Reference links are also provided.
Web Presen
The document discusses several topics related to using an intranet within a company, including firewalls, HTML, CGI, and intranets. It provides definitions and descriptions of each topic. Firewalls are defined as systems that prevent unauthorized access to computer networks from outside. HTML is used to describe the structure and appearance of documents. CGI scripts allow adding forms and user-defined content to web pages. An intranet is a private network, usually within a company, that uses internet protocols but is not accessible from the public internet. Reference links are also provided.
Web Presen
The document discusses MP3 music files and related topics including File Transfer Protocol (FTP), MP3 format, copyright, and CDs. It provides details on how FTP is used to exchange files over networks, how MP3 is a patented digital audio format using lossy compression, the exclusive rights copyright provides to authors, and how CDs store up to 80 minutes of audio data.
Web Presen
Telnet is a terminal emulation program that allows users to connect their PC to a server on a TCP/IP network like the Internet. This enables users to enter commands on the server as if they were directly accessing the server's console. NVT refers to a virtual terminal with keyboard and printer capabilities defined in RFC854. IP addresses distinguish between the network and host portions of an address using a subnet mask. Routers relay data between networks by analyzing network and transport layer protocols to determine the best path for data transfer.
Web Presen
The document discusses how internet search engines work. It explains that search engines help users find information stored on computer systems by indexing websites and returning search results. It describes databases as structured collections of records that organize data through models like relational databases. It also defines HTML as the coding language that defines web page structure and URLs as uniform resource locators that specify resources on the internet.
Web Presen
Wi-Fi is a trademark for wireless networking technology certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance to ensure interoperability between devices. A personal video recorder (PVR) digitally records television and stores it on a hard drive, allowing users to instantly access recordings. A digital audio player, such as an MP3 player, stores and plays audio files and sometimes supports images and video. Universal Serial Bus (USB) allows many peripherals to connect to a computer through a single standardized port and interface.
Web Presen
File encryption scrambles files to make them unreadable without decryption. Link encryption encrypts traffic at each end of a communication line, unlike end-to-end encryption which only encrypts at the origin and destination. A WAN is a wireless network that connects across boundaries like regions or countries, using routers and public links. A VPN tunnels links between nodes through a larger network like the internet, allowing secure communication without explicit security features in the virtual network itself.
Web Presen
The document provides definitions and descriptions of key terms related to how internet traffic moves:
- An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides individuals and businesses access to the internet for a monthly fee. ISPs connect users to the internet and are connected to each other.
- America Online (AOL) is an internet company that operates websites and has over 24 million members worldwide, including 5.9 million in Europe.
- A Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is a small, portable computer used to store contact information, access the internet, and use applications on the go.
Week11
ISDN is a set of standards for digital transmission over telephone wires that requires adapters at both ends. It provides two channels for carrying data and one for control/signaling. TCP/IP was developed by DOD to connect different networks and provides routing from local to global networks. Circuit switching establishes a fixed bandwidth connection between nodes before communication, unlike packet switching which can have varying delay.
Week11
ISDN is a set of standards for digital transmission over telephone wires that requires adapters at both ends. It provides two channels for carrying data and one for control and signaling. A BRI line consists of two 64 kbps B channels and one 16 kbps D channel. A PRI has 23 B channels and one 64 kbps D channel.
TCP/IP was developed by DOD to connect different computer networks. It provides basic services across many systems and allows routing from local to enterprise to regional to global networks. It was designed to automatically recover from failures to allow very large, decentralized networks.
In circuit switching, a fixed bandwidth channel is established between nodes before communication, providing constant bit delay unlike packet switching
Web Presentation
A network management system provides information on network performance, inventory, and traffic by using protocols like SNMP to monitor devices. It is made up of hardware and software to administer the network. Individual network elements are managed by element management systems. MIB definitions describe managed objects and are used by SNMP to communicate between network management systems and agents. UPS systems deliver packages globally and manage the flow of goods, funds, and information worldwide.
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Web Presen
- 1. How MP3 Music Files Work About FTP About MP3 About Copyright About CD Group B How MP3 Music Files Work – p.1/9
- 2. About FTP • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over an Internet Protocol computer network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server applications. Client applications were originally interactive command-line tools with a standardized command syntax, but graphical user interfaces have been developed for all desktop operating systems in use today. How MP3 Music Files Work – p.2/9
- 3. FTP FTP is also often used as an application component to automatically transfer files for program internal functions. FTP can be used with user-based password authentication or with anonymous user access. The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a similar, but simplified, not interoperable, and unauthenticated version of FTP. How MP3 Music Files Work – p.3/9
- 4. About MP3 • MP3 is ... A patented digital audio encoding format using a form of lossy data compression A common audio format for consumer audio storage An audio-specific format that was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group MP3 player How MP3 Music Files Work – p.4/9
- 5. About Copyright • Copyright gives the author of an original work exclusive right for a certain time period in relation to that work, including its publication, distribution and adaptation, after which time the work is said to enter the public domain. Copyright applies to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete and fixed in a medium. Some jurisdictions also recognize "moral rights" of the creator of a work, such as the right to be credited for the work. Copyright is described under the umbrella term intellectual property along with patents and trademarks. How MP3 Music Files Work – p.5/9
- 6. Copyright An example of the intent of copyright, as expressed in the United States Constitution, is "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries". Copyright has been internationally standardized, lasting between fifty to a hundred years from the author’s death, or a shorter period for anonymous or corporate authorship. Some jurisdictions have required formalities to establishing copyright, but most recognize copyright in any completed work, without formal registration. Generally, copyright is enforced as a civil matter, though some jurisdictions do apply criminal sanctions. How MP3 Music Files Work – p.6/9
- 7. About CD • A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an optical disc used to store digital data. It was developed to store music at the start, but later it also allowed to store other kinds of data. CD have been available since October 1982. In 2009, they are still the standard physical medium for commercial audio recordings. Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can hold up to 80 minutes of audio (700 MB of data). The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 mm; they are sometimes used for CD singles or device drivers, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. How MP3 Music Files Work – p.7/9
- 8. CD The technology was later adapted and expanded to include data storage CD-ROM, write-once audio and data storage CD-R, rewritable media CD-RW, Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video Compact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD. CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain widely used tech- nologies in the computer industry. The CD and its ex- tensions are successful: in 2004, worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 bil- lion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. How MP3 Music Files Work – p.8/9
- 9. Reference • http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki • http://chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/ • http://d.hatena.ne.jp/ • http://e-words.jp/ How MP3 Music Files Work – p.9/9