WEB BASED REAL TIME CONTROL AND HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Web Based Real Time Control & Home Automation System
2017
1 Vidya Academy of Science And Technology-Technical Campus,Kilimanoor
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
The term automation is very familiar nowadays. The style of human life is changed
drastically and with the development of technology it is improving day by day. We cannot
live a single day without the help of the appliances we are using. It became a necessity to the
life of the human being. There are many available choices are there for replacing one to
another like telephones are replaced by smart phones and desktops are replaced by computers
etc. The fast and improved life style demands a system where the human can reduce his
physical efforts and still fulfil the needs. The replacement of the conventional techniques that
we are using into new one is no longer a timely process. It can be done within a matter of
time .There are certain areas where still the same old techniques are using which consumes
the human energy and leads to the wastage of time. As we know the technology is changing
once we use black and white televisions now we are using led televisions, the technology is
travelled from one end to another. But when we think about the switching technique, we are
still using the old conventional technique which we used decades ago. Still the same single
pole switches are used. The project is an ideal replacement of these conventional practices
into new one. The main aim is to make our ordinary homes into the smart homes. The system
will be an ideal replacement of the old technique and should provide a greater way of living.
Another problem we are facing is associated with the old aged or handicapped people in our
home, they cannot easily access the wall switches or turn the equipment to a condition
because of their physical disabilities. The implemented project will be helpful to those people
mostly the can easily access the appliances via a mobile phone and for accessing the basic
needs like lights and fan the smart homes will provide assistance.
The project is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is the offline part where the
concept of smart home is developed. The home will act as a smart home with the help of
certain sensors. These sensors will detect the present condition of the house and act according
to the status. The system is an intelligent system and can produce the outputs within seconds.
There are two sensors are used here. For the detection of atmospheric temperature and
humidity a temperature/humidity sensor is used. This sensor monitors the condition and given
the data to the controller unit with the gap of one second. That is the temperature of the room
is checked every second. The fan or air conditioner will act according to the base temperature

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which is set by the user. That is if I need a temperature limit of 25 deg.c then we set the base
limit as this value. If the room temperature is above 25then the fan will turned on and below
which it will be off. In Kerala humidity is also a factor so we use humidity sensor to measure
humidity of the atmosphere too. The light intensity sensor is used to sense the intensity of
light and if it is less the light will turn on. The system uses arduino as the processing unit
which makes the programming much easier and its access is very much user friendly.
The second part is the online part where we use the internet as the medium of data
storage. As we know, the internet is used almost everywhere now a days. Each home is now
provided with the internet connection and in 2017 government of Kerala give 25 lack internet
connections to the homes for free of cost. This system provides a passage of data to the
remote environment and the home environment through internet. Remote environment is the
mobile app or website we are using for the controlling. The home environment contains the
arduino board, Ethernet shield, internet connection etc. The present condition of the
equipment is measured and the data is send to the server. The server analyses the data and
give access to the remote devices. We can control our equipments easily with the use of the
mobile app which is provided by the server. We are using cayenne as the server here. This
system will be helpful to everyone. The physical efforts should be reduced. The new and
improved techniques are introduced too.
The real time control and automation can provide a better way of living for the
humans. The system is user friendly and the operation is as simple as anything. We can easily
change the conditions too. It will be very much helpful to those who are physically disabled
or senior persons. The automation technique will make our homes into smart homes. The
world of technology is changing very fast. The lifestyle and way of living of humans are also
changing. This change demands new possibilities and ideas in the life. Technology is that
much improved and with the help of the science anything is possible. The concept of smart
home will be very relevant and within 3 -5 years the ordinary homes will be replaced by
smart homes.

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CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
“Web based real-time home automation and security systems” by Subhajit Dey,
Tamaghna Kundu1, Sourav Mukherjee and Mili Sarkar in 2015 presented the paper in the
International journal of electrical and electronics engineering and telecommunications. The
paper gives an idea about the concept of home automation system. This gives an idea about
the real time control of the equipments and also proposed a technique which is pretty usefull
for the development of the system . In today’s world automation plays a very important role
and in this paper an automated way of controlling home appliances through human
interaction as well as through self-control of the system itself is provided. The manual mode
helps user to control home appliances automatically using PC or any Wi-Fi enabled Mobile
phone in the same local area network. In automated mode the system controls the appliances
itself depending on some sensor reading, thus making it fully automated. Another feature of
the automated mode is the security mode. Through this mode user will be alerted if any
intruder enter the main door when the system is active. In the proposed design, a Wireless
automated home control with security features is presented. This design is very simple in
nature. Arduino Uno microcontroller is the central part of the design where the server
program for controlling is burned. Thus all the controlling is done by it. For the web
application the Html part is provided inside the program thus it doesn’t require any other
application to be developed for different gadgets. The security mode is very invulnerable
where nobody can access the system without deactivating the security system from the
activating device. The automated mode makes life easier for users by complete automation of
necessary appliances without any human effort. The paper gives an ideal replica of the
system we have designed.
“Implementation of smart home control by using low cost Arduino & android design”
a paper by Zaid Abdulzahra jabbar and R.S.Kawalikar in 2016 which published in the
International journal for advanced research in computer and communication engineering.
This paper deals with the smart home technology which is made by using the arduino board.
The proposed paper mainly deals with the use of arduino in the implementation of the system
rather the conventional processor board. This paper deals with the advantages of arduino
board and its merits over the conventional practices. This paper provides a low cost-effective
and flexible home control and monitoring system with the aid of an integrated micro-web

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server with IP connectivity for access to and control of equipment and devices remotely using
Android-based smart phone app. The proposed system does not require a dedicated server PC
with respect to similar systems and offers a new communication protocol for monitoring and
controlling the home environment with more than just switching functionality. Smart home
interfaces and device definitions to ensure interoperability between Zig Bee devices from
various manufacturers of electrical equipment, meters and Smart Energy enables products to
allow manufactured. We introduced the proposed home energy control systems design
intelligent services for users and provides, we show their implementation, with smart phone.
Smart home network excite new possibilities. We proposed a new smart home energy
management system based on Zig Bee sensor networks to make home networks more
intelligent and automatic. The role of managing energy usage is a crucial factor in addressing
the home’s growing energy concerns. The Smart Energy initiative serves these needs by
providing an adoptable and sustainable experience by linking new and useful digital
technologies to the needs of consumers. By empowering consumers with near real-time
information of their energy usage through an array of products and services, the intent is to
help consumers use energy more efficiently and also to minimize their personal impact on the
environment.
“Home Automation Using Arduino and ESP8266” by Samir Samanta, Koushik Kr.
Khan, Arghya Bhattacharyya, Sounak Das, Atul Barman, Mr. Koushick Mathur of
University Institute of Technology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag (North), Burdwan,
West Bengal, India published in International Journal of Advanced Engineering,
Management and Science (IJAEMS) which proposes a system o automation using arduino
and internet. A brief definition of Home Automation may be given in this way as, “Home
Automation is the technology, in which every electrical appliance present inside a particular
house are connected to one another and to a set of “sensors” placed at particular strategic
positions, reading specific data in a closed loop fashion to serve the purpose to automate all
the connected home appliances.” The most important part in a fully automated system are the
sensors, be it IR motion sensors, heat sensors, smoke detectors. The data they acquire are
then sent to the microcontroller unit, which then processes the data and performs specific
switching of the Home Appliances in a real time fashion. With the advent of technology, life
has become faster in pace and shorter in interactions, with others, as well as with the
surroundings. In such a scenario, there is a need to have an endeavour to have everything at
the push of a button away, and more importantly, automated. Home Automation is such an

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endeavour, in which, all the electrical appliances present at home are connected to each other,
having interactions with sensors placed at strategic positions in a closed loop manner in order
to perform manager tasks automatically, leaving less burden on the humans. With this project
we are promoting the fact that Home Automation can greatly contribute to energy
conservation too. These are the main highlights of the paper. The authors mainly deals with
design phase of the project and they proposed a connectivity which is through wifi
technology.
“Home Automation Using Internet of Things” by Vinay sagar K N,Kusuma S M of
MSRIT, Bangalore, India in International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET) also a great help at the pre study of the project. This paper gives us the concept of
internet of things. With advancement of Automation technology, life is getting simpler and
easier in all aspects. In today’s world Automatic systems are being preferred over manual
system. With the rapid increase in the number of users of internet over the past decade has
made Internet a part and parcel of life, and IoT is the latest and emerging internet technology.
Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to
consumer goods that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other
activities. Wireless Home Automation system(WHAS) using IoT is a system that uses
computers or mobile devices to control basic home functions and features automatically
through internet from anywhere around the world, an automated home is sometimes called a
smart home. It is meant to save the electric power and human energy. The home automation
system differs from other system by allowing the user to operate the system from anywhere
around the world through internet connection.
In this paper they presented a Home Automation system(HAS) using Intel Galileo that
employs the integration of cloud networking, wireless communication, to provide the user
with remote control of various lights, fans, and appliances within their home and storing the
data in the cloud. The system will automatically change on the basis of sensors’ data. This
system is designed to be low cost and expandable allowing a variety of devices to be
controlled. It was a prototype design which enables the new way of an automation system
using internet of things
“Monitoring And Device Electrical Control Equipment Based on Arduino Mega” by
Yunus Tjandi and H. Muddassir of Electric Engineering, Technical Of Engineering

2017
University State Of Makassar in the IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
(IOSR-JEEE in the year 2016 published this journal. This paper explains the monitoring and
control of arduino mega. The mega board is larger in capacity than the Uno R3 board. They
proposed a good technique which can provide an easy access to the entire system. The main
points that find out from the journal is the carelessness on the installation and control of the
electrical equipment will cause many harms and accidents. Fire is one of the consequences of
improper control on a home / building storey. This research aims to
1) To generate prototype software-based on the control system arduino mega function
to control and monitor the electrical equipment (reservoirs, electric lights, fan, air
conditioning, and MCB), a home / building storey by using a smart phone.
2) To produce mega arduino based on the control tool that is used to control and
monitor the electrical equipment on the software that has been made.
3) To build interfaces and applications based on the control system arduino mega,
using a smart phone to control and monitor the electrical equipment of the home / multi-
storey buildings, so it is safe from the danger of a short circuit based on the design of
electrical installations and design applications envisaged that the prototype controller is made
to function properly. the results showed that the prototype tools made apt controlling and
monitoring all the electrical appliances of the home / multi-storey buildings, both of from
close range and from a distance using a smart phone.
The conclusions they were made was The software-based system monitoring and control
arduino mega functioning properly, this is evidenced by the functioning of all the systems of
control and monitoring, both the safety devices (MCB), as well as for a variety of electrical
equipment for a variety of devices enabled. The application and interface arduino mega-based
control system that has been made already functioning well and can control and monitor
devices electrical equipment contained in a home or a lot of well-storey building.

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CHAPTER-3
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 1: Block diagram of automatic control system

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Fig 2: Block diagram of remote control system

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This project is done as two parts. The block diagrams of each parts are shown in
above diagrams. Two parts are,
Automatic controlling (offline system)
Remote controlling (online system)
In automatic controlling system, the device will measure atmospheric conditions like
temperature and light intensity with the help of sensors. The outputs of the sensors will be
given as input to the arduino uno. Arduino is programmed for monitoring the light&
temperature at real time and display the temperature, humidity and conditions of loads. If
the values of temperature and light intensity vary from predetermined limits, then the
relay will be act and the loads will controlled.
In remote controlling system, the system will help us to control and monitor our
home appliances any ware from the world through an internet connected device like
mobile phones or PC. The commands are given to the user interference. This command is
sending to the cloud storage system through internet. From cloud system to the arduino
device, the data will transfer with the help of W5100 Ethernet shield. Then the arduino
will execute the command by using relay. The status of the loads which is ON/OFF will
be send back to the user interface through cloud system using internet.

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CHAPTER-4
HARDWARE DETAILS
The hardware components which are used in this project are,
DHT11 Temperature & humidity sensor
LM393 Optical Photosensitive LDR Sensor
Arduino UNO R3 board
W5100 Ethernet shield
5V Relay Board (230V/10A)
16*2 LCD disply
Android device / computer
4.1 DHT 11 TEMPERATURE& HUMIDITY
The DHT11 is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal
on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). Its fairly simple to use, but requires careful
timing to grab data. By using the exclusive digital-signal-acquisition technique and
temperature & humidity sensing technology, it ensures high reliability and excellent long-
term stability. This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity measurement component and an
NTC temperature measurement component, and connects to a high performance 8-bit
microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference ability and cost-
effectiveness.
Fig 3: DHT11 sensor

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Features
· Full range temperature compensated
· Relative humidity and temperature measurement
· Calibrated digital signal
· Outstanding long-term stability
· Extra components not needed
· Long transmission distance
· Low power consumption
· 4 pins packaged and fully interchangeable
DETAILS
This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity measurement component and an NTC
temperature measurement component, and connects to a high-performance 8-bit
microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference ability and cost-
effectiveness. Each DHT11 element is strictly calibrated in the laboratory that is extremely
accurate on humidity calibration. The calibration coefficients are stored as programmes in the
OTP memory, which are used by the sensor’s internal signal detecting process. The single-
wire serial interface makes system integration quick and easy. Its small size, low power
consumption and up-to-20 meter signal transmission making it the best choice for various
applications, including those most demanding ones. The component is 4-pin single row pin
pack
Overall Communication Process
When MCU sends start signal, DHT11 changes from the low-power-consumption mode to
the running-mode, waiting for MCU completing the start signal. Once it
iscompleted,DHT11sendsa response signal of 40-bit data that include the relative humidity
and temperature in formation to MCU. Users can choose to collect (read) some data. Without
the start signal from MCU, DHT11 will not give the response signal to MCU. Once data is
collected, DHT11 will change to the low power- consumption mode until it receives a start
signal from MCU again.

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Fig 4: Overall Communication Process waveform of DHT11
DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
Table 1: DHT11 specifications

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4.2 LM393 OPTICAL PHOTOSENSITIVE LDR SENSOR
Photosensitive sensor module is the most sensitive for the environmental light intensity
and it is generally used for detecting the ambient brightness and intensity of the environment.
Without light intensity it will not reach the threshold resulting for low level output but, when
the external environment light intensity exceeds the set threshold it will result for a high level
output. The output is directly connected with the microcontroller, for the microcontroller to
detect the light level, thereby to detect environmental intensity change. Small 13igital output
can directly drive the relay module, which can be composed of a photoelectric switch. Small
analog output, through the AD conversion, can obtain more accurate numerical value of
environmental light intensity.
Fig 5: LM393 Optical Photosensitive LDR Sensor
Specifications:
Input Voltage: 3.3V-5V
Output: Analog voltage form Digital Switching form
Main chip: LM393 Photosensitive sensor
Output can be directly connected to the microcontroller I/O port.
The sensitivity of the signal detection can be adjusted.

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Reserve a line voltage to compare circuit.
PCB size: 30mm x 15mm.
Pin Configuration:
1. Ground
2. Output
3. VCC
4.3 ARDUINO UNO R3 BOARD
Arduino is an open source, computer hardware and software company, project, and
user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller kits for building digital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world. The
project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed
under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public
License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by
anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-
yourself kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are
also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically
programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In
addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.
The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the Interaction Design
Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and
professionals to create devices that interact with their environment
using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner
hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats, and motion detectors.

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Fig 6: Arduino uno R3
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. Arduino is an open-
source, prototyping platform and its simplicity makes it ideal for hobbyists to use as well as
professionals. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-
DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Arduino Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 microcontroller chip programmed as a
USB-to-serial converter.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The
Arduino Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduno, moving forward. The

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Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform
Features of the Arduino UNO:
• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
There are many Advantages of Using Arduino over simple microcontroller. Some of them
are as follows:
1. Ready to use
2. Examples of codes
3. Effortless functions
4. Large community
5. Huge documentation and support
6. Larger library collection
7. Open source
8. Simplified and user-friendly programming language
9. No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board
10. Highly Portable
11. Low power consumption
12. Highly customizable

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Power (USB / Barrel Jack)
Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can
be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply . that is
terminated in a barrel jack. The USB connection is also how we will load code onto your
Arduino board. More on how to program with Arduino can be found in our Installing and
Programming Arduino tutorial.A power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower
(and thereby destroy) your Arduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is
between 6 and 12 Volts.
Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)
The pins on Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit (probably
in conjuction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic ‘headers’
that allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several different kinds
of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for different functions.
• GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of
which can be used to ground your circuit.
• 5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the
3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the
Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
• Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the
UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like
a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.
• Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the
UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed)
and digital output (like powering an LED).
• PWM (8): The tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the
UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something
called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM, but for now,
think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in and
out).

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• AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin
alone. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5
Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.
Reset Button
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will
temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the
Arduino. This can be very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple
times. Unlike the original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn’t usually fix any
problems.
Power LED Indicator
Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED
next to the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a
power source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is wrong.
TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in
electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are
two places on the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear – once by digital pins 0 and 1, and
a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will give us some
nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when
we’re loading a new program onto the board).
Main IC
The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of it as the
brains of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to
board type, but is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL company. This can
be important, as you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before
loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This information can usually be found
in writing on the top side of the IC.

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Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator is not actually something we can (or should) interact with on the
Arduino. But it is potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage
regulator does exactly what it says – it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the
Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra voltage that
might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so don’t hook up Arduino to anything
greater than 20 volts.
4.4 W5100 ETHERNET SHIELD
The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet. It is based
on the Wiznet W5100 ethernet chip. The Wiznet W5100 provides a network (IP) stack
capable of both TCP and UDP. It supports up to four simultaneous socket connections. Use
the Ethernet library to write sketches which connect to the internet using the shield. The
ethernet shield connects to an Arduino board using long wire-wrap headers which extend
through the shield. This keeps the pin layout intact and allows another shield to be stacked on
top. The most recent revision of the board exposes the 1.0 pinout on rev 3 of the Arduino
UNOboard.
Fig 7: W5100 Ethernet shield

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The Ethernet Shield has a standard RJ-45 connection, with an integrated line transformer
and Power over Ethernet enabled. There is an onboard micro-SD card slot, which can be
used to store files for serving over the network. It is compatible with the Arduino Uno
and Mega (using the Ethernet library). The onboard microSD card reader is accessible
through the SD Library. When working with this library, SS is on Pin 4. The original
revision of the shield contained a full-size SD card slot; this is not supported. The shield
also includes a reset controller, to ensure that the W5100 Ethernet module is properly
reset on power-up. Previous revisions of the shield were not compatible with the Mega
and need to be manually reset after power-up. The current shield has a Power over
Ethernet (PoE) module designed to extract power from a conventional twisted pair
Category 5 Ethernet cable:
• IEEE802.3af compliant
• Low output ripple and noise (100mVpp)
• Input voltage range 36V to 57V
• Overload and short-circuit protection
• 9V OutpHigh efficiency DC/DC converter: typ 75% @ 50% load
• 1500V isolation (input to output)
The shield does not come with the PoE module built in, it is a separate component that must
be added on. Arduino communicates with both the W5100 and SD card using the SPI bus
(through the ICSP header). This is on digital pins 11, 12, and 13 on the Duemilanove and pins
50, 51, and 52 on the Mega. On both boards, pin 10 is used to select the W5100 and pin 4 for
the SD card. These pins cannot be used for general i/o. On the Mega, the hardware SS pin,
53, is not used to select either the W5100 or the SD card, but it must be kept as an output or
the SPI interface won't work.
Note that because the W5100 and SD card share the SPI bus, only one can be active at a
time. If you are using both peripherals in your program, this should be taken care of by the
corresponding libraries. If you're not using one of the peripherals in your program, however,
you'll need to explicitly deselect it. To do this with the SD card, set pin 4 as an output and
write a high to it. For the W5100, set digital pin 10 as a high output.
The shield provides a standard RJ45 ethernet jack.

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The reset button on the shield resets both the W5100 and the Arduino board.
The shield contains a number of informational LEDs:
• PWR: indicates that the board and shield are powered
• LINK: indicates the presence of a network link and flashes when the shield transmits
or receives data
• FULLD: indicates that the network connection is full duplex
• 100M: indicates the presence of a 100 Mb/s network connection (as opposed to 10
Mb/s)
• RX: flashes when the shield receives data
• TX: flashes when the shield sends data
• COLL: flashes when network collisions are detected
The solder jumper marked "INT" can be connected to allow the Arduino board to receive
interrupt-driven notification of events from the W5100, but this is not supported by the
Ethernet library. The jumper connects the INT pin of the W5100 to digital pin 2 of the
Arduino.
4.5 5V RELAY BOARD (230V/10A)
A Relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate the switch and provide electrical isolation between two circuits. In this
project there is no real need to isolate one circuit from the other, but we will use an Arduino
UNO to control the relay. We will develop a simple circuit to demonstrate and distinguish
between the NO (Normally open) and NC (Normally closed) terminals of the relay.

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Fig 8: 4 Channel relay module
Fig 9: Circuit diagram of relay

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The figure showing working of a relay. Relays are commonly using for switching
applications. It can replace the mechanical switches and easily control using electrical
signals. It have a coil and contacts. Normally the coin will be at demagnetized condition.
There should be a normally open contact (NO) and normally closed contact (NC).when the
relay need to active, a gate pulse will apply into the base of transistor Q1 shown in above
figure. Then the transistor will turned on and collector to emitter region will conduct. Then
the circuit will completed and supply start to flow through coil. The coil will become
magnetized and it will attract the contacts. Then the Normally Closed contact will be open
and Normally Open contact will become closed. Then the relay connected circuit will
becomes closed. This is the working of relay.
4.6 16*2 LCD DISPLAY
Alphanumeric displays are used in a wide range of applications, including palmtop
computers, word processors, photocopiers, point of sale terminals, medical instruments,
cellular phones, etc. The 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of
displaying 224 different characters and symbols. A full list of the characters and symbols is
printed on pages 7/8 (note these symbols can vary between brand of LCD used). This booklet
provides all the technical specifications for connecting the unit, which requires a single power
supply (+5V).
Available as an optional extra is the Serial LCD Firmware, which allows serial control
of the display. This option provides much easier connection and use of the LCD module. The
firmware enables microcontrollers (and microcontroller based systems such as the PICAXE)
to visually output user instructions or readings onto an LCD module. All LCD commands are
transmitted serially via a single microcontroller pin. The firmware can also be connected to
the serial port of a computer.

2017
Fig 10: LCD display block diagram
Fig 11: Pin out of LCD display

2017
Table 2 : Pinout details of LCD display
4.7 ANDROID DEVICE / COMPUTER
Fig 12: Android devices or PC

2017
Android devices or PC are using as an user interface device. In remote controlled
system, we are giving the commands into the screen of a PC or android devices. Android
application is using for access our control in android devices. In PC s , we are using internet
browser for this purposes.

2017
CHAPTER-5
SOFTWARE DETAILS
5.1 ARDUINO IDE
A program for Arduino may be written in any programming language for a compiler
that produces binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a development
environment for their microcontrollers, AVR Studio and the newer Atmel Studio.
Fig 13: Arduino IDE
The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), which
is a cross-platform application written in the programming language Java. It originated from
the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It includes a code editor with features such
as text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic indenting, brace matching,
and syntax highlighting, and provides simple one-click mechanisms to compile and upload
programs to an Arduino board. It also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with
buttons for common functions and a hierarchy of operation menus.
A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a sketch. Sketches are saved on the
development computer as text files with the file extension .ino. Arduino Software (IDE) pre-
1.0 saved sketches with the extension .pde.

2017
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring.
The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many
common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions,
for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a
program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain,
also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to
convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the
Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.
A minimal Arduino C/C++ sketch, as seen by the Arduino IDE programmer, consist of only
two functions:[43]
• setup(): This function is called once when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is
used to initialize variables, input and output pin modes, and other libraries needed in the
sketch.[44]
• loop(): After setup() has been called, function loop() is executed repeatedly in the main
program. It controls the board until the board is powered off or is reset
5.2 CAYENNE
Cayenne is an online platform, which is helping to create a user interface and data server for
iot based projects. It is a free software. By using drag and drop we can easily create our own
interface. The corresponding data should be given to arduino board through arduino
programming. We can create an account on cayenne before starting. We will get a username
and password for entering our account. By using this password, we can enter into our
dashboard. In the dash board, we can add our arduino devices. Each arduino device will be
get different unique identification keys. By specifying these keys in the program, we can
change the devices which we need to control.

2017
Fig 14: Cayyane screen
5.3 ANDROID
Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux
kernel and designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart
phones and tablets. Android's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using
touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and
pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input. In
addition to touch screen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for
televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a
specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also used on notebooks, game
consoles, digital cameras, and other electronics.
Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in
2007, along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance a consortium
of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open
standards for mobile devices. Beginning with the first commercial Android device in

2017
September 2008, the operating system has gone through multiple major releases, with the
current version being 7.0 "Nougat", released in August 2016. Android applications ("apps")
can be downloaded from the Google Play store, which features over 2.7 million apps as of
February 2017. Android has been the best-selling OS on tablets since 2013, and runs on the
vast majority of smart phones. In September 2015, Android had 1.4 billion monthly active
users, and it has the largest installed base of any operating system.
Android's source code is released by Google under an open source license, although most
Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of free and open
source and proprietary software, including proprietary software required for accessing
Google services. Android is popular with technology companies that require a ready-made,
low-cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices. Its open nature has
encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a
foundation for community-driven projects, which deliver updates to older devices, add new
features for advanced users or bring Android to devices originally shipped with other
operating systems. The success of Android has made security an issue, in which the majority
of Android devices do not receive security patches, and it has become a target for patent and
copyright litigation as part of the so-called "Smartphone" between technology companies.
The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM (ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures),
with x86, MIPS and MIPS64, and x86-64 architectures also officially supported in later
versions of Android. The unofficial Android-x86 project provided support for the x86
architectures ahead of the official support. MIPS architecture was also supported before
Google did. Since 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including
phones[100]
and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to
run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64. Since Android 5.0 "Lollipop", 64-bit variants of all
platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.
Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 5.1 range from
512 MB of RAM for normal density screens, to about 1.8 GB for high-density screens. The
recommendation for Android 4.4 is to have at least 512 MB of RAM

2017
CHAPTER-6
WORKING DETAILS
6.1 CONNECTION DIAGRAM
6.1.1 AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Fig 15: Connection diagram of automatic control system

32 Vidya Academy of Science And Technology
Fig
Vidya Academy of Science And Technology-Technical Campus
16: Interfacing of 16x2 display
2017
Technical Campus,Kilimanoor

2017
6.1.2 REMOTE CONTROL
Fig 17: Connection diagram of remote controlling system
6.2 WORKING
The system provides two methods of operation. According to the needs of the
personal the system provides two methods of access that is online control and offline control.

2017
Although each homes do not have an access of internet the offline control has its own
relevance. The use of particular sensors made it possible. Lets discuss about each modes of
operation separately. Now we can discuss about the offline (automatic) system.
6.2.1 AUTOMATIC (OFFLINE) SYSTEM.
Lets discuss about the offline method first the method provides a system which have
an automatic mode of control.
The main components of the automatic system are arduino uno board, DHT11
temperature and humidity sensor, LM393 photosensitive optical sensor, relay board, LCD
display etc. Arduino board is the heart of the entire system. This programming board provides
the space for each and every steps in the system. This board receives the output from the
sensors which may be analog or digital and analyses according to the preset which is
programmed earlier and gives the output in a matter of time. The Uno board has 6 analog pins
and 14 digital pins for input and output operations. It also provide different voltage outputs.
We use two type of sensors for the automatic system here, one is a temperature and humidity
sensor and other one is the light intensity sensor. These sensors provides the real time
measurement of the atmospheric conditions and transmit the responses to the arduino board
for processing. The light intensity sensor measures the intensity of light in the atmosphere
and act according to the conditions ie, it send signals to the arduino board if the light in the
atmosphere is low or high. Another sensor we used is the temperature and humidity sensor.
this sensor analyses the temperature of the surrounding also the humidity of the atmosphere.
According to the preset values which we programmed earlier in the arduino board compares
these results and give the corresponding output. The humidity of the atmosphere also taken
into the account. Speed control of a dc fan also provided in the system.the speed control is
done through the pwm technique in the arduino board. There are 6 out of 14 pins of the
digital pins are used for pwm in the uno board.
First we will discuss about the controlling of the lighting. LM393 photosensitive
optical sensor is the sensor used for light intensity measurement. It is an LDR based light
sensor. Light intensity is measured using a photo resistance material inside the sensor.VCC
and GND terminals are connected to the 5v supply. Output terminal is connected to the 12th
Digital pin of the board as shown in figure 12. The output of this sensor is compared with the
existing program in the arduino board. If the compared value is less than the programmed

2017
preset value then a high signal is send to the relay and relay will act according to the signal.
Relay is connected to the board. The input terminal of the relay is connected to the first
analog pin in the arduino board and the gound pin is connected to the GND. Common pin is
connected to the supply phase. Normally open terminal of the relay is connected to the
neutral through the lamp. When the light in the atmosphere is low that is in the night or dark
conditions the sensor will give a high signal to the D8 pin arduino board will compares the
signal and A1 pin of the board will become high. Then the input of the relay terminal is high
and the relay will act and the light will turn on. The status of the light is shown using an LED
display.
A 5v DC fan is used to show the speed control technique. DHT 11 temperature and
humidity sensor is used for the measurement of temperature and humidity of the atmosphere.
The output of the sensor is connected to the D12 of the arduino board. The temperature and
humidity in the atmosphere is sensed by these sensors and give pulses to the board. The
output pulses are given according to the preset conditions which is programmed earlier. Out
of 14 digital pins 6 pins are used for pulse width modulation that is used for the purpose of
speed controlling. Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting analog results
with digital means. Digital control is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between
on and off. This on-off pattern can simulate voltages in between full on (5 Volts) and off (0
Volts) by changing the portion of the time the signal spends on versus the time that the signal
spends off. The duration of "on time" is called the pulse width. To get varying analog values,
you change, or modulate, that pulse width. If you repeat this on-off pattern fast enough with
an LED for example, the result is as if the signal is a steady voltage between 0 and 5v
controlling the brightness of the LED.

2017
Fig 18: PWM waveform
In the graphic above, the green lines represent a regular time period. This duration or
period is the inverse of the PWM frequency. In other words, with Arduino's PWM frequency
at about 500Hz, the green lines would measure 2 milliseconds each. A call to analogWrite()
is on a scale of 0 - 255, such that analogWrite(255) requests a 100% duty cycle (always on),
and analogWrite(127) is a 50% duty cycle (on half the time) for example.
For displaying the results and current status we use a 16x2 LCD display. The
interfacing of the display with arduino board is shown in the figure 13. The arduino board is
programmed to produce the display outputs. The status of the equipments are shown in the
display .The condition of the light, atmospheric temperature and humidity readings are
displayed through a program. In a 16×2 character LCD display, there are 16 pins. First two
pins VSS and VDD are for providing power to the display. Connect these pins to the GND
and 5V supply pins in the Arduino Uno. 3rd pin of the LCD is named as Vo which is used for
adjusting display contrast. We can use a 10KΩ preset for that, connect variable end to Vo and
fixed ends to VSS and VDD. 4th pin RS is the Register Select pin which is used to multiplex
the data and command information send to the LCD module. Data information is the ASCII

2017
value of the information to be displayed on the LCD and the command information will
contain instructions such as the position in which the data is to be displayed etc. These two
information will be multiplexed using pin RS and will send through DB0 – DB7 pins of
LCD. If RS is high, then DB0 – DB7 will contain data information and when it is LOW then
these lines will contain command information. 5th pin R/W is Read or Write pin which will
determine whether the data is to be written or it is to be read from the LCD display. HIGH
value of this pin will indicate the data is read from the display and LOW value indicates
writing information to the display. Normally we need only writing values to the display, so
we usually tie RW to GND. 6th pin E is the Enable pin of LCD. High value on E will indicate
valid information on DB0 – DB7 pins. We can power the LCD’s back-light LED using last
two pins.
The interface between this LCD and Arduino can be 8 bit or 4 bit and the difference
between them is in how the data or commands are send to LCD. In the 8 bit mode, 8 bit data
and commands are send through the data lines DB0 – DB7 and data strobe is given through E
input of the LCD. But 4 bit mode uses only 4 data lines. In this 8 bit data and commands are
splitted into 2 parts (4 bits each) and are sent sequentially through data lines DB4 – DB7 with
its own data strobe through E input. The idea of 4 bit communication is introduced to save
pins of the controller. You may think that 4 bit mode will be slower than 8 bit. But the speed
difference is only minimal. As LCDs are slow speed devices, the tiny speed difference
between these modes is not significant. Just remember that Arduino Uno is operating at high
speed in the range of 16MHz and we are viewing LCD with our eyes. Due to Persistence of
Vision of our eyes we will not even feel the speed difference.

2017
6.2.2 REMOTE CONTROL (ONLINE) SYSTEM
The second part of the system is the web based remote controlling system or online
system. This system uses internet as the medium of signal transmission and reception. The
main parts of the system are an Arduino uno board, arduino Ethernet shield(W5100), relay
board, cloud storage server, user interface(gadget or website) etc.
Fig 19 : Layout of remote control (online) system

2017
There are mainly three segments in the online control. They are
Home environment
Internet cloud server
Remote environment
Home environment is the part where all the action occurs. It may be our home, office,
school or any other area. Every action occurs in the home environment. The equipments like
fan, light, motor, appliances are to be controlled. The arduino board is used to transmit and
receive the signals and internet is used as the gateway of the passage. We can control each
and every equipment in our premises via internet.Arduino uno board is used for the signal
processing. The board is programmed according to the conditions we need to follow. An
Ethernet shield is used for providing the internet connection to the system. W5100 ethernet
shield is used. The ethernet shield is connected to the arduino board. A broadband
connection is necessary for the system. The broadband connection is provided in the Ethernet
shield. Now the system is online . A relay board is connected to the arduino board and the pin
configuration is as per the program.
Cloud storage is a medium of storage for handling the data. The cloud server stores
the data online and give it according to the need of operation. There are many cloud storage
possibilities are available in the web. For this purpose we select cayenne as the cloud storage.
It is a programmable online system which provides the space for creating our own user
environment. Drag and drop programming is the mode of operation provided here. We need
to create our own personal profile using a unique username and password. Using this access
we can enter into the cayenne dashpot where we can create our own user interface and from
there we get a identification key for our programming device. This key is entered in the
programming board which we are using arduino uno r3 board here. Hence we can access the
equipments through the website or by using the android app.
Remote environment is the place where we can access the control of our appliances.
The control may be through the website or through an android application. we can access the
user interface by using the username and password created. We can understand the real time
condition of the appliance connected and we can change it according to our needs.

2017
Fig 20: Online system stricture

2017
CHAPTER-7
PROGRAM DETAILS
7.1 PROGRAM FLOWCHART
Fig 21 : Program flowchart

2017
7.2 PROGRAM
i. Automatic control
#include<dht.h> // Including library for dht
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
#define dht_dpin 12
#define lgt_pin 8
dht DHT;
#define pwm 9
#define led A0
void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16, 2);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Home ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Automation ");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Using ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" IoT ");
delay(2000);
analogWrite(pwm, 255);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Our Final Year ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);

2017
lcd.print(" Project");
delay(2000);
}
void loop()
{
DHT.read11(dht_dpin);
int temp=DHT.temperature;
int hum=DHT.humidity;
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temperature:");
lcd.print(temp); // Printing temperature on LCD
lcd.print((char)223);
lcd.print("C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Humidity:");
lcd.print(hum); // Printing temperature on LCD
lcd.print("%");
delay(1250);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temperature:");
lcd.print(temp); // Printing temperature on LCD
lcd.print((char)223);
lcd.print("C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
if(temp <26 )
{
digitalWrite(9,0);
lcd.print("Fan OFF ");
delay(100);
}

2017
else if(temp==26)
{
lcd.print("Fan Speed: 20% ");
delay(100);
}
else if(temp==27)
{
delay(100);
}
else if(temp==28)
{
delay(100);
}
else if(temp==29)
{
delay(100);
}
else if(temp>29)
{
delay(100);

2017
}
delay(1250);
lcd.clear();
int sensorValue = digitalRead(lgt_pin);
// print out the value you read:
if(sensorValue == 0)
{
lcd.print("Light Off");
analogWrite(led, 255);
}
else
{
lcd.print("Light On");
analogWrite(led, LOW);
}
delay(1250);
}
ii. Remote control
For internet connection
//#define CAYENNE_DEBUG // Uncomment to show debug messages
#define CAYENNE_PRINT Serial // Comment this out to disable prints &save
space
#include <CayenneEthernet.h>
// Cayenne authentication token. This should be obtained from the Cayenne
Dashboard.
char token[] = "cjmc3nswqv";
void setup()

2017
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Cayenne.begin(token);
}
void loop()
{
Cayenne.run();
}
For adding relay on cayyane dash board
*/
#define CAYENNE_PRINT Serial // Comment this out to disable prints and save
space
// If you're not using the Ethernet W5100 shield, change this to match your
connection type. See Communications examples.
#include <CayenneEthernet.h>
#define VIRTUAL_PIN 1
#define RELAY_DIGITAL_PIN 4
// Cayenne authentication token. This should be obtained from the Cayenne
Dashboard.
char token[] = "cjmc3nswqv";
void setup()
{
// set digital pin to output
pinMode(RELAY_DIGITAL_PIN, OUTPUT);

2017
Serial.begin(9600);
Cayenne.begin(token);
}
CAYENNE_IN(VIRTUAL_PIN)
{
// get value sent from dashboard
int currentValue = getValue.asInt(); // 0 to 1
// assuming you wire your relay as normally open
if (currentValue == 0) {
digitalWrite(RELAY_DIGITAL_PIN, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(RELAY_DIGITAL_PIN, LOW);
}
}
void loop()
{
Cayenne.run();
}

2017
CONCLUSION
In this project, a Wireless automated home control with security features is presented.
This design is very simple in nature. Arduino Uno microcontroller is the central part of the
design where the server program for controlling is burned. Thus all the controlling is done by
it. For the web application the Html part is provided inside the program thus it doesn’t require
any other application to be developed for different gadgets. Cayenne server provides a unique
identity profile which we can use in any gadgets. The automated mode makes life easier for
users by complete automation of necessary appliances without any human effort. The
application of the system could be:
1. In case of lighting control, it is possible to conserve energy in both residential and
commercial applications by automatically controlling intensity of light depending on the
presence of anyone inside the room.
2. It could be useful for old aged/especially able people as appliances can be controlled by
merely a touch. It is also possible to control the system using voice commands using
Android. It is safe because there is no chance of getting electric shock.
3. The online and offline mode of control gives easy access to the system with extreme
accuracy. The sensors provided will make the ordinary homes into smarter ones.
4. Security cameras can be installed which will monitor the premises, allowing the user to
observe activity around the house.
5. The system is very cheap and compact. It can be implemented in a minimal cost. There are
no difficulties in changing the program. It is very user friendly and can set according to the
present conditions.
Here wires are used to connect to the switching devices for appliances but use of
small Wi-Fi modules can make the system fully wireless. The project is a new way of setting
the heights of automation. The two ways operation provides a system controlled and user
controlled system which may be changed according to the need. The project can be more
improved using the new data transmitting technologies which are under development. It will
make the life more interesting and the revolution of smart homes and intelligent homes will
ensure the world a better place for living.

2017
REFERENCE
Vinay sagar K N,Kusuma S M “ Home Automation Using Internet of Things”
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395
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Zaid Abdulzahra Jabbar, R.S. Kawitkar “ Implementation of Smart Home Control by
Using Low Cost Arduino & Android Design” International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 2, February
2016
Subhajit Dey, Tamaghna Kundu, Sourav Mukherjee and Mili Sarkar “Web Based
Real-Time Home Automation And Security System” ISSN 2319 – 2518
www.ijeetc.com Vol. 4, No. 3, July 2015
Yunus Tjandi , H. Muddassir “Monitoring And Device Electrical Control Equipment
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Barman, Mr. Koushick Mathur “Home Automation Using Arduino and ESP8266”
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS)
[Vol-2, Issue-9, Sept- 2016]
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2017
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2017
Julien Bayle " C Programming for Arduino" Copyright © 2013 Packet Publishing
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Tiago D. P. Mendes , Radu Godina, Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues , João C. O. Matias
,and João P. S. Catalão , "Smart Home Communication Technologies and
Applications Wireless Protocol Assessment for Home Area Network Resources"
Energies 2015,8,7279 7311;doi:10.3390en8077279
Hoon-Ki Lee, Noh-Sam Park, Jong-Hyun Jang, Hyeon-Soo Kim" Providing of sot
Collaboration System for interworking with Smart Home Devices" 2015 IEEE,
international conference on consumer electronics

2017
APPENDICES

WEB BASED REAL TIME CONTROL AND HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

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