This document discusses an Internet of Things (IoT) based home automation system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to monitor parameters like temperature, light intensity, and human movement. It then uses this data to automatically control electrical appliances like fans and lights through a wireless network. The system is designed to be low cost while providing convenient remote control capabilities. It allows users to monitor and operate home devices from anywhere using a smartphone app over the internet. This helps save energy and provides assistance to physically handicapped individuals.

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IOT Based Home Automation System
Mr. Pavan Thapekar 1
, Ms. Sakshi More2
1,2
(Student, dept. of Electrical Engineering,
Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnics, MSBTE Mumbai, India)
ABSTRACT
Now a day’s life of people become very faster. There is also development in advance technologies which helps human beings for their
day to day activities. The advance technology provides solutions or easier way to many tasks and also provides security in all aspects.
Automation provide smart & less time consuming activities. In today’s world numbers of internet users are increased. IOT is one of the
latest & emerging technologies. Internet of things basically includes wireless monitoring & controlling function by use of internet. We
present the IOT based Home Automation System in this paper. Basically this project includes wireless communication, embedded
system and cloud computing, networking. An IOT based HAS uses computers or smart phones i.e. webpage or android app for
monitoring various parameters to control automatically electronic home appliances using internet from anywhere to avoid the wastage
of electricity and also helps to physically handicap people. In this HAS project by monitoring temperature, light intensity and movement
of human being using temperature sensor, LDR and PIR sensor respectively, the electrical appliances such as fan & bulb are ON/OFF
via internet from anywhere. This system is design to be low cost & providing smart controlling to make work easier.
KEYWORDS
Internet of things (IOT), Microcontroller, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) module, Home Automation System (HAS).
1. INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, automation increases in great extend as there is fast development in various technologies. In contrast, wireless systems
help for automation system. Automation provides a smart and less time consuming activity which reduces human efforts so it is more
preferred. Also there is rapid increase in internet users.
The home automation system is based on IOT. IOT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis and integration within a
system. There is improvement in the reach areas and their accuracy. IOT utilizes existing and emerging technologies for sensing,
networking and robotics. IOT exploits recent advances in software, falling hardware prices and modern attitudes towards technology.
Methodology
Followings are the methodology used in IOT based HAS which helps to design this system that user can use this system by controlling
it anywhere.
I. Internet of things(IOT)
II. Embedded system
III. Wireless system
IV. Android application

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This home automation system monitors the parameters of sensors such as temperature given by LM35, motion of human being detected
by PIR sensor, light intensity by LDR sensor and controls the electrical appliances such as fan and lamps. The user can control this
system using android application via internet from anywhere in the world.
Problem definition
There is a great energy waste in current situation of our country. Moreover, people have become negligent in proper utilization of the
available energy. People often forget to turn off the light sources and other home appliance while staying out from home. Even in those
situations, application of home automation makes it possible to control them from a distant place in easy way with our smartphone.
Home automation systems face four main challenges, these are high cost of ownership, inflexibility, poor manageability, and difficulty
in achieving security
2. SYSTEM DESIGN
In proposed home automation using IOT uses sensors like PIR sensor is for motion , LDR sensor is light dependent resistor to turn
off or on lights , temperature sensor is to detect temp to turn on or off fan and lastly gas sensor is for detect gas .relay and driver circuit
is use to connect electrical appliances like fan or lamp. LCD display is use as display device and buzzer &LED is used as indicators.
Fig.1 Block diagram of IOT based HAS
Here is the block diagram of home automation using IOT. The whole system is depend on pic microcontroller. We used PIC 18f452
which is main part in this system. There are four sensors are used for sensing the data namely temperature sensor, Gas sensor, PIR
sensor and LDR sensor. Temperature sensor should be detect temperature. At certain value of temperature fan will be on. This value can
be called as threshold level or threshold value. Simultaneously temperature can be display on LCD display.
Gas sensor can be detect dangerous gases. if any gas is detected in home then buzzer will be on. PIR sensor used for detecting motion.
Similarly status of PIR sensor display on LCD display as well as android application. When motion is detected then fan or lamp will be
on. At the last LDR sensor, it is light dependent resistor. when there is darkness then lamp will be on otherwise it will be off. Similarly
LDR status will be display on LCD and android app.
Some electrical appliances are control by android application like fan and lamp.
3. SOFTWARE DESIGN
A mobile app is a computer program designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone/tablet or watch.Mobile applications often stand
in contrast to desktop applications that run on desktop computers, and with web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather
than directly on the mobile device. In that case android app is more secure than web server.
Here android application is developed in basic for android app software. The purpose of making app is security. Android application is
only use by user. User can login by their particular and unique login id and password. The particular android application is only
available on user phone. This increases security. In other case if using web server this will be decreases security. There will be chances
of website will be use by another person. There will be chances of lost of data.

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Fig.2 Android app fist page
When app is open above page will be open. We need to login. Login will be done by entering correct login id and password. In case if
forgetting login id or password there is an option for forgetting password or login id.
But before this we have toTo establish wireless connection proper server IP address should be written by user, after use of proper server
IP address the connection will get established, “connected” this indication will seen.
Fig.3. Connection to server
At the last this page will be open. In above page we saw all the status regarding sensors and electrical appliances.

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Fig.4 Main application page shows status of sensors
There two modes are provided Auto mode and manual mode. Using manual mode we can control electrical appliances through android
app. When we are in auto mode the electrical appliances get automatically controlled by monitoring the sensors parameters.
4. IMPLEMENTATION SETUP
Fig.3. Flowchart IOT based home automation system.

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Above figure shows the complete flow of IOT based home automation system. There are to modes auto mode and manual mode
according to that user can monitor and control whole system.
This is the stepwise flow of our IOT based home automation system:
 First the PIR sensor sense when anyone (enters) in the room.
 If the PIR sensor has counted to entry of person then only the system will start to operate.
 The intensity of light is measured using LDR and if the intensity is below a certain value then the Light will get automatically ON
by also considering the status of the PIR sensor.
 Temperature is measured using LM35, the output of LM35 is in mV/0
C when above a certain limit it will automatically make fan
ON.
 Since Fan and Light are on AC so relay circuit is required to control AC supply.
 All the sensing and device control signals will be sent by PIC18F452.
 The user can control the electric devices via wifi using Android app.
 Notification of the status of devices is sent to Android app via wifi (intranet) and also to LCD display.
 Also LPG sensor is present if LPG gas detected then it will notify on Android App as warning and also buzzer will get turn on with
red Led blinking continuously.
5. ADVANTAGES
 User friendly- This project can be handle easily by anyone. Simply it can be simple to operate.
 Security- We provide particular android application with login and password. that means it increases it security.
 Power saving-Sensors gives accurate data then anyone not present in the house power will be save.
6. CONCLUSION
This IOT based home automation system is low cost, secure, ubiquitous accessible, auto configurable remotely controlled solution. The
approach discussed in the paper is novel and has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely using the WiFi technology to
connect system parts, satisfying user needs and requirements. Iot based system has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home
security and is cost-effective as compared to the previously existing systems. Hence home appliance control and monitor from
anywhere and anytime has been implemented. Finally, the proposed system is better from the scalability and flexibility point of view
than the commercially available home automation systems.
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