Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the web. It is important for increasing market share and audience reach, improving maintainability and efficiency, and satisfying legal requirements. Web accessibility can be measured using the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines from the W3C. To make a website accessible, designers should consider layout reflow, text adjustments, search and navigation, language support, and metadata. Accessibility on mobile devices requires control mechanisms that work on touchscreens, minimizing user input, and responsive design. Screen readers on Android and iOS operate using touch gestures.

1. What is web Accessibility and Section 508?
Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web.

2. People with Disabilities on the Web
Type of Disability Disability Description
Vision Disability
• Complete Blindness or Color Blindness or Poor Vision
• Visual problems like visual strobe and flashing effect problems
Physical Disability • Not able to use the mouse or keyboard with one hand.
• Poor motor skills like hand movements and muscle slowness
Cognitive disability • Learning Difficulties or Poor Memory or not able to understand more complex
scenarios
Literacy Disability Reading Problems
Hearing Disability • Auditory problems like deafness and hearing impairments
• Cannot able to hear or not able to hear clearly
Above are some common challenges or difficulties that the accessibility guidelines try to address.

3. Why Web Accessibility is important?
• Easy and efficient access to users with disabilities or challenges
• Increases market share and audience reach
• Improves maintainability and efficiency
• Satisfied existing and future legal requirements and helps follow ethics
• Support internationalization
• Assists in access for low-bandwidth users.
Ultimately, everything just translates to “better business – more money”.
http://www.karlgroves.com/2011/11/15/list-of-web-accessibility-related-litigation-and-settlements/

4. How Web Accessibility is measured?
Accessibility of the web can be measured with the help of web accessibility standards created by the W3C known as Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Few other departments have also developed their own guidelines but these too follow Web
Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Guidelines.

5. How can we make our website’s accessibility?
Design
• Layout Page Reflow( Zoom)
• Text Adjustments : Font sizes, color contrast, style, latter/line spacing.
• Search / navigation:- Table of Contents , Page forwards and back. Section forward and back.
• Language Support :-
• Media :- Images, Audio , Video
Code
• Metadata
WAI-ARAY
• Hierarchy of named headings, parts, chapters, sections and subsections
• Section breaks
• Images and their alt text
• Audio and video clips
• Correct structure for link text
• Proper tagging of links, lists and tables to ensure proper reading of content for screen reader users

6. Evaluation Tools
• Navigate with Keyboard
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itEFxbEe150
https://www.google.com/accessibility/
• Screen Reader
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNMxxBlSd2s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx1vSd5uYS8
• Online Tools
• Browser add-ons

7. Accessibility on mobile devices
To make a website accessible and usable on mobile, you mainly just need to follow general good web design and accessibility best
practices.
There are some exceptions that need special consideration for mobile; the main ones are:
• Control mechanisms — Make sure that interface controls such as buttons are accessible on mobiles (i.e. mainly touch screen), as
well as desktop/laptop (mainly mouse/keyboard).
• User input — Make user input requirements as painless as possible on mobile (e.g. in forms, keep typing to a minimum).
• Responsive design — Make sure layouts work on mobile, conserve image download sizes, and think about provision of images for
high resolution screens.

8. Screen reader testing on android and iOS
The most common mobile platforms have fully-functional screen readers. These function in much the same way as desktop screen
readers, except that they are largely operated using touch gestures rather than key combinations.
Android TalkBack
The TalkBack screenreader is built in to the Android operating system.
To turn it on, select Settings > Accessibility > TalkBack, then press the slider switch to turn it on.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKMBC5DHZMU
iOS VoiceOver
A mobile version of VoiceOver is built into the iOS operating system.
To turn it on, go to Your Settings app and select General > Accessibility > VoiceOver.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxQ2qKShvmc

9. Q & A
Thank You